ChineseTeaCulture中国茶文化课件.pptx

1、Chinese Tea CultureChinese Tea CultureChinese Tea CultureChinese Tea Culture Introduction China,the Hometown of Tea The Importance of Tea in Peoples Daily Life Classification of Tea Tea and Health Tea Custom Tea Ceremonies Gongfu Tea Tea and Chinese Culture Tea Service Master Tea utensilsIntroductio

2、n Tea(茶)commonly denotes the drink made from steeping(浸泡）the processed leaves,buds（芽）,or twigs（枝）of the tea bush(Camellia sinensis 茶树)in water.Only the top 1-2 inches of the mature plant are picked.These buds and leaves are called flushes(嫩芽).A plant will grow a new flush every seven to fifteen days

3、 during the growing season,and leaves that are slow in development always produce better flavored teas.Of the three major beverages of the world-tea,coffee and cocoa-tea is consumed by the largest number of people in the world.It has a cooling,slightly bitter,astringent flavor（涩味）which many enjoy.In

4、troduction Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea,the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China.The terms chayi Art of Tea 茶艺 and Tea Ceremony have been used,but the term Tea Culture茶文化 includes more than just the ceremony.Also culture is

5、 easier to translate into English from the Chinese term art 艺.Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe,Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods,tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed.Even now,in both casual and formal Chinese occasions,tea is consumed regula

6、rly.In addition to being a drink,Chinese tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.China,the Hometown of Tea It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area,as well as the first country to grow,produce and drink tea.The Discovery of TeaThe History

7、of tea in ChinaThe Discovery of TeaAccording to legend,in 2737 BC,Emperor SHEN NUNG a notably skilled ruler,scientist,scholar and patron守护神 of the arts,ruled Chinas vast empire.His many farsighted edicts法令 included the requirement that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution.Shen Nung

8、Tasted PlantsThe Discovery of Tea One summer day,while on a state visit to a distant part of his realm,he and the court stopped to rest.Accordingly,servants began boiling water for the royal court to drink.By chance,the wind blew dried leaves from a near by bush,into the boiling water and a brown su

9、bstance was infused into the liquid.As a gifted herbalist and scientist the Emperor was interested in the newly blended concoction混合物.He examined its properties and after sipping and tasting he declared it to be”MOST REFRESHING!”The History of tea in China It has been used as medicine since the prim

10、itive society.It has been found in the record documents of China Zhou Dynasty about 1100BC.According to historical data,China began to grow tea about two thousand years ago during the period of the Warring States(475-221BC).Drinking tea became a fashion in the Western Jin Dynasty and Tang dynasty.In

11、 the Song(960-1279)and Yuan(1271-1368)Dynasties tea appraising became a popular custom Since 1700s,the Chinese tea has largely expended into the world market.The History of tea in China At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea,with Asian countries producing 90%of the worlds total o

12、utput.All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.Map of Chinese Tea Producing Area21 Provinces4 regionsLu Yu,the Sage of Tea陆羽煮茶图陆羽陆羽（733年804年），字鸿渐；唐朝复州竟陵竟陵（今湖北湖北天门市）人。一名疾疾，字季疵季疵，号竟陵子竟陵子、桑苎翁桑苎翁、东冈子东冈子，又号茶山御茶山御史史。以著世界第一部茶叶茶叶专著茶经闻名于世，对中国茶业和世界茶业做出了卓越贡献，被誉为“茶圣”，奉为

13、“茶仙”，祀为“茶神”。新唐书陆羽传记：“羽嗜茶，著经经三篇，言茶之原、之法、之具尤备，天下益知饮茶矣。”Lu Yu:Sage of Tea“Tea Jing”茶经（Tea Classics)written by Lu Yu 陆羽 in 760AD was the first book of tea in the world.Tea appraisingTea appraising in Ancient China In the Song and Yuan Dynasties a popular custom was.Over the long history of drinking tea,

14、a special and simple Chinese tea culture came into being.Drinking tea was not only for quenching thirst or for enjoyment,but also for the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding.Folk customs of drinking tea reflected the ancient Chinese peoples great interest in tea culture.斗茶 Tea Fight品茶图

15、A tea plant will grow into a tree of up to 16 meters(52 ft)if left undisturbed,but cultivated plants are pruned to waist height for ease of plucking.Wild Tea Trees in Yunnan Province Height:32.12 mTea MountainsThe importance of Tea Tea in Daily Life“Firewood,rice,oil,salt,sauce,vinegar and tea are t

16、he seven necessities to begin a day.”Cu Cha Dan Fann 粗茶淡饭:coarse tea and tasteless dinner The Importance of TealTea has always been a vital part of Chinas economy.Back in the“Good Old Days”往昔美好时光of the Great Wall it was actually used as money!Black Tea was formed into bricks and carried by traders a

17、s the caravans 穿越沙漠的）旅行队ventured west.At that time,a brick of Black Tea was as precious as gold and as important an international currency as the US Dollar is today.Tea in Chinas EconomyTea in Literaturel 商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去。The merchant cared for money more than for me,one month ago he went away to pur

18、chase tea.l 酒壮英雄胆，茶引文人思。Wine can add virginity to heroes while tea can stir up men of letters.Tea in Art秉烛品茶 Tea ClassificationlThe main varieties of Chinese tea:Green TeaBlack TeaOolong TeaWhite TeaYellow TeaScented TeaTea producing technology 制茶工艺制茶工艺 (1)绿茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻（做形）干燥黄茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻闷黄干燥黑茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻渥堆干燥白茶

19、：萎凋干燥 （新工艺白茶：萎凋轻揉干燥）青茶(乌龙茶):萎凋-做青-炒青-揉捻（做形）干燥红茶：萎凋揉捻发酵干燥Tea Classificationl Other teas:date tea ginseng tea fruit tea eight-treasure tea lotus seed-heart tea Tangerine（柑橘）peel tea Chrysanthemum（菊花）Tea Green tea 绿茶l Characteristics The tea made without being fermented.The tea liquid and tea leaves ar

20、e greenish.l Benefits:It help people reduce their inner heat.It helps with anti-ageing.It prevents computer radiation and bad breath.Green tea 绿茶l The most well-known green teas:Longjing Tea from West Lake of Hangzhou 西湖龙井 Maofeng Tea from Huangshan Mountain 黄山毛峰 Yunwu Tea from Lushan Mountain 庐山云雾

21、Biluochun Tea from Jiangsu 洞庭碧螺春Longjing Tea 龙井l a top-grade green tea from Longjing,West Lake,Hangzhoul Four characteristics：green in color 色绿fragrant in smell 香郁sweet in taste 味醇beautiful in appearance形美 Longjing TeaWest LakeBiluochun Tea 碧螺春 a top-grade green tea from Dongting 洞庭,Taihu,太湖，Wu Coun

22、ty吴县,Jiangsu Province Biluo Peak on Mountain Dongting “Terrifying aroma”吓煞人香 Emperor Kangxi 康熙 named it biluochun.Biluochun TeaDongtingBlack tea 红茶l Characteristics:The fermented tea.The most popular tea in the world.The tea liquid and tealeaves are reddish.lBenefits:It facilitates the fostering of

23、yangqi in the human body.It warms the stomach.It helps with digestion.It is a most suitable choice in cold seasons.Black tea 红茶lThe most well-known black teas:Qimen Black Tea 祁门红茶 Yunan Dianhong Tea 云南滇红 Sichuan Chuanhong Tea 四川川红Qimen black tea a top-grade black tea from Qimen 祁门 and Guichi 贵溪 of A

24、nhui Province.In 1915,Qimen black tea was awarded the Gold Medal at Panama International Fair.From then on,it has been popular with people in foreign countries,especially the upper-class people in Britain.Qimen black tea QimenOolong tea 乌龙茶Characteristics:l blue tea 青茶l The half-fermented teal an im

25、portant part of Gongfu teal The tea leaves are green in the center and red at the edge.Benefits:l It decomposes fat and helps people lose weight.Oolong tea 乌龙茶lThe most well-known blue teas:Tieguanyin(Iron Goddess Guanyin)铁观音 Wuyiyan Tea 武夷岩茶 Taiwan Oolong Tea 台湾乌龙Tieguanyin 铁观音 Tieguanyin Tea,trans

26、lated into English as Iron Goddess Tea,is one of the most famous types of Chinese Tea.It has many different translations and is often called Tieguanyin,Ti Kuan Yin,Tikuanyin,Iron Buddha,Iron Goddess Tea,and Iron Goddess of Mercy Tea.Tieguanyin is produced originally in Anxi County(安溪)in Fujian Provi

27、nce Tealeaves:dark green in color,similar to that of iron It is said that Tieguanyin has such a strong aroma that even after adding water to the teapot seven times,one can still enjoy the pleasant taste and fragrance.Several legends of Tieguanyin.Tieguanyin 铁观音A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-1 During the r

28、eign of Emperor Qianlong there in Fujian Provinces Anxi County there was a dilapidated temple that was dedicated to the Buddhist Bodhisattva Guanyin,the Goddess of Mercy.A poor farmer named Wei Yin(魏饮),on his way to his fields everyday,would pass the temple and noticed its deteriorating state.He fel

29、t something needed to be done.The farmer was quite poor and didnt have the means to restore the temple,so instead he brought a broom and incense to the temple.He thoroughly cleaned the temple and burned the incense in offering to Guanyin.He did this twice a month for many months.A Legend of Tieguany

30、in 2-2 One night in a dream,the Bodhisattva Guanyin appeared to him and told him of a cave located behind the temple.Guanyin told him that a treasure was waiting in the cave for him.He was told to take this treasure and share it with others.When he woke up,Old Wei headed straight to the temple and f

31、ound the cave which he had never noticed before.Growing in the cave was a single tea shoot.He took the shoot home,planted it,and nurtured it until it grew into a large bush.The tea he made from this bush was fantastic and unlike any tea he had ever tasted.He knew that this tree was indeed a treasure

32、.He gave cuttings of the bush to all of his neighbors and began selling the plant as Tieguanyin,or Iron Goddess of Mercy.The tree of legend still exists and is considered a national treasure.Located near the tree,carved into the cliff is the name of the farmer who,according to legend,found the origi

33、nal tree.Anxi 安溪White tea 白茶l Characteristics:uncured,non-fermented,non-rubbed,fast-dried green tea The tealeaves are silver in color and have fine white hair on them.The tea liquid is yellowish in color and sweet in taste,with natural fragrance.l Benefits:It helps dispel heat within the human body.

34、It also enhances immune function It protects the heart and blood vessels.White tea 白茶l It is mainly produced in Fuding 福鼎，Zhenghe 政和,and Songxi松溪 of Fujian Province.lThe most well-known White tea:“yinzhen baihao”银针白毫(silver needle with fine hair on them)“baimudan”白牡丹（White Peony）yinzhen baihao 银针白毫Y

35、ellow Tea 黄茶lCharacteristics:The tea is produced by letting damp tea leaves naturally turn yellow It has an original smell like that of black tea if the tea is cured with other herbs,but its taste is most similar to green and white teas.l Benefits:It refreshes the mind.It helps clear away heat and t

36、oxic materials within the human body.Yellow Tea 黄茶l The best well-known:Junshan Yinzhen(君山银针)from HunanHuoshan Huangya(癨山黄芽)from Mt.Huo,AnhuiMeng Ding Huangya(蒙顶黄芽)from Mt.Meng,SichuanDa Ye Qing（大叶青）from GuangdongJunshan Yinzhen 君山银针Scented tea 花茶l The tea made by mixing and aromatizing tea leaves w

37、ith scented flowers l It is produced mainly in Fujian,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.Scented tea 花茶l The most well-known:jasmine tea 茉莉花茶 magnolia tea 玉兰花茶 lotus flower tea 荷花茶 chrysanthemum tea 菊花茶 rose tea 玫瑰花茶Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶 the most popular among scented tea made from jasmine flowers.The

38、most well-known jasmine flower tea is produced in Fujian Province.The Steps of Making Jasmine Tea Pick a lot of jasmine flower buds and put them in a clean place;At midnight when the flowers have the strongest fragrance,add green tea to them for absorption;Get rid of the withered jasmine flowers and

39、 get the tealeaves baked;Put the baked tealeaves into newly picked jasmine flowers again.This is repeated several times before the tealeaves are ready to be used.Compressed tea 压制茶l The tea compressed and hardened into a certain shape brick tea 砖茶:in the form of bricks Tuocha 沱茶:in the form of cakes

40、 and bowlsl good for transport and storage l mainly supplied to the ethnic minorities living in the border areas of the countryl mainly produced in Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan and Yunnan provincesCompressed teal Brick tea:砖茶huazhuan 花砖茶(flower brick)heizhuan 黑砖茶(black brick)mizhuan 米砖茶(rice brick)qingzhuan

41、青砖茶(green brick)l Tuocha 沱茶 Xiaguan tuocha 下关沱茶 Puer tuocha 普洱沱茶Sichuan tuocha 四川沱茶Huazhuan&HeizhuanQingzhuan&MizhuanTuochaTea Custom Popularity Tea health benefits Social functions Some common practices Tea CeremonyTea customsl Popularity:Scented tea is popular in northern China;Green tea is prefer

42、red in eastern China;Black tea is optimum for people in Fujian and Guangdong;Compressed tea is mainly for minorities.Tea and Healthl Tea is a natural and healthy drink.Tea contains a lot of nutrients that help to build up good health.Tea is refreshing and helps you work efficiently.Tea is a thirst q

43、uencher and aids digestion of food.Tea helps to disinfect and alleviate inflammation.Tea helps urinary output and purge toxins.Tea helps fitness and against cardiovascular diseases.Social Functions l As a sign of respect:The younger generation shows its respect to the older generation by offering a

44、cup of tea.l To apologize:People make serious apologies to others by pouring them tea.(a sign of regret and submission)l To express thanks to your elders on your wedding day:Traditionally,both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea.Tea Served at Wedding CeremonySome c

45、ommon practices One should neither pour tea water till the teacup is full nor empty the teapot or teacups while drinking tea.(Shandong Province)If a guest emptied his/her teacup,the host would think he/she does not want any more tea and therefore wouldnt offer him/her any more tea.Knocking bent inde

46、x,middle and ring fingers on the table three times to express gratitude to the person who serves the tea.Tea CeremonyTea Ceremonies The Chinese tea ceremony,also called the Chinese Way of Tea,is a Chinese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of tea leaf.The manner

47、in which it is performed,or the art of its performance is shown in the tea ceremony.Taoism has also been an influence in the development of the tea ceremony.The elements of the Chinese tea ceremony is the harmony of nature and enjoying tea in an informal and formal setting.Tea ceremonies are now bei

48、ng revived in Chinas new fast-paced culture,and continuing in the long tradition of intangible Chinese art.Tea CeremonySteps to Make Tea Heat the pot:Heat the teapot with boiled water to eliminate peculiar smell.Heated pot can help to release the tea scent.Steps to Make TeaSteps to Make Tea Place th

49、e tea:The mouth of the teapot is usually small,so one should first put the tea in a special half-ball vessel and hand it to guests for them to appraise the shape of the tea leaf.Then,put the tea into the pot with a teaspoon.The amount of the tea is about 1/3 of the teapot.Steps to Make TeaWarm the c

50、up:Warm the cups with boiled water that heats the pot.Steps to Make TeaSteps to Make Tea High pour:One needs to lift up the kettle high to make a good tea.The tealeaves turn over and scatter in the pot after water pouring in from a high level.This is known as high pour,a better way to get out the ar