(整理)lecture-1920不定式课件.ppt
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1、(最新整理)lecture_1920不定式2021/7/261 InfinitiveLecture 19&20Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveNon-finite Forms of Verbsv When a verb is not used as a predicate,its form is not necessarily confined or governed by the subject,the verb then could be called as a non-finite verb,also the non-finite form of the verb.v N
2、on-finite verbs includes the infinitives,the-ing participle and the ed participle.v infinitive to-infinitive bare infinitive(否定否定)not/never to do v-ing participle v present participlev gerund ed participle:past participle 2021/7/263不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化
3、,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveFocus v time,voice and aspect referencevto infinitive or bare infinitivev infinitive“to”and preposition“to”vsyntactical function of infinitivevactive infinitive&passive infinitive2021/7/265Lecture 19&2
4、0 InfinitiveDiagnostic Test vSyntactical function of infinitive?vTime reference of infinitive?He is said to leave Shanghai.He is said to have left Shanghai.vto infinitive or bare infinitiveRather than(to)cause trouble,he left.Please go to the seaside to swim,(to)get suntanned.v infinitive“to”and pre
5、position“to”Marys father has agreed to her marrying John.We agreed to do it.vThe coffee is bitter to taste.=It is bitter to taste the coffee.?2021/7/266Lecture 19&20 Infinitive1.time,voice and aspect reference active passivesimpleprogressiveperfectiveprogressiveperfectiveinfinitive to do to be done
6、to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-2021/7/267Lecture 19&20 Infinitive(1)They pretended not to see us.(2)He pretended to be sleeping.(3)She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在它之后发生在它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示
7、动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4)Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)2021/7/268Lecture 19&20 Infinitive(5)The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在它之发生在它之后后)(6)I am
8、 sorry for the article not to have been finished in time.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)2021/7/269Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveShe is still not quite well.She is not supposed to _(work)so hard.Shed better take sometime off from work.Dont disturb him.He seems to _(enjoy)himself.2021/7/2610Lecture 19&20
9、 InfinitiveShe is still not quite well.She is not supposed to be working so hard.Shed better take sometime off from work.Dont disturb him.He seems to be enjoying himself.2021/7/2611Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveSome members of the committee seem to _(bribe).Otherwise,Douglas cant have been elected chairma
10、n as he is recognizably unqualified.Why havent you finished your paper yet?You are supposed to _(finish)it by yesterday evening.2021/7/2612Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveSome members of the committee seem to have been bribed.Otherwise,he cant have been elected chairman as he is recognizably unqualified.Why
11、 havent you finished your paper yet?You are supposed to have finished it by yesterday evening.2021/7/2613Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveOh,what a splendid pair of shoes!But there is no need to _(buy)the shoes for me.2021/7/2614Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveOh,what a splendid pair of shoes!But there is no need to
12、 buy them for me.Oh,what a splendid pair of shoes!But there is no need to have bought them for me.2021/7/2615Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveHe seemed to be ill.He seemed to have been ill.I intended to come.I intended to have come.I had intended to come.Compare:2021/7/2616Lecture 19&20 Infinitive2.1 bare in
13、finitivev A.after modal auxiliaries:marginal modal auxiliary:dare,need,used toe.g.1)Need you go now?-Yes,_./No,_.2)Do you need to pay for it?Yes,_./No,I _.3)He didnt need to water the trees because his sister has already watered them.4)He neednt have watered the trees because it might rain soon.I mu
14、stI needntI need todont need to(实际上她也没浇水)(实际上浇水了)need做情态动词通常用语肯定句和疑问句中,肯定回答用做情态动词通常用语肯定句和疑问句中,肯定回答用must.2.to infinitive or bare infinitive2021/7/2617Lecture 19&20 Infinitive5)She darent say anything.She doesnt dare(to)say anything.Dare he jump off the high wall?Does he dare(to)jump off the high wall
15、?dare做情态动词,一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件中做情态动词,一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件中.dare做实意动词,肯定句中接带做实意动词,肯定句中接带to的不定式,在的不定式,在否定否定句和疑问句句和疑问句中可省略中可省略to.2021/7/2618Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveB.After semi-auxiliaries半助动词:在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构.它们可与主动词搭配构成复杂动词词组并表示情 态意义,有时也可与助动词搭配.be sure to,be due to,be going to,be likely to,be obliged to,be
16、meant to(打算,注定要)(打算,注定要),be supposed to,be willing to,have to,seem to,had better,tend to,be about to 2021/7/2619Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveC.after modal idiomsWould rather(than)Would sooner (than)Would(just)as soon (than)May/might as well Cannot but/Cannot help but 2021/7/2620Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveD.
17、在在rather than/sooner than 之后:之后:Eg.1)Rather than cause trouble,he left.2)Sooner than marry that man,she would earn her living as a waitress.置于句首时,置于句首时,后跟不带后跟不带to不定式。不定式。You rather than I are going to take part in the speech competition.(是是 而不是而不是)3)The manager believes it is important to invest in
18、new machinery rather than to increase wages.置于句中时,可带置于句中时,可带to也可不带也可不带2021/7/2621Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveE.在“主动词+主动词”固定搭配的第一主动词之后e.g.1)Lets make believe we have a million dollars.2)We hadnt time for luncheon,but we made do with sandwiches.凑合着用凑合着用 3)They are not rich,but they make do on what they ha
19、ve.靠靠维持维持 4)He let fall a hint of his intentions.5)Dont let go of the handle.6)Ive heard tell of him.7)It would be crazy to let a chance like that slip.(可用被动语态)2021/7/2622Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveF.after“causative/sense verb+objective”五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 liste
20、n to hear一感觉一感觉:feel2021/7/2623Lecture 19&20 Infinitive His actions made people _(respect)him.=His actions made him _ (respect).respectedrespecte.g 1)Let there be an end of this misunderstanding.2)They didnt observe him come in and go upstairs.=He wasnt observed _ and_ upstairs.to come in go被动语态中以上动
21、词要带被动语态中以上动词要带to get/set/leave+object+to do sth.比较 I saw him walk in the garden.I saw him walking in the garden.2021/7/2624Lecture 19&20 Infinitive get+object+to do sth/doing.v说服说服;使得使得vI got him to stay for the night.v我说服他留下过夜。我说服他留下过夜。v使运行使运行,使工作使工作vCan you get the machine running?v你能把这机器发动起来吗你能把这
22、机器发动起来吗?2021/7/2625Lecture 19&20 Infinitive get+to do sth/doing/donev有可能有可能,有机会有机会vHe never gets to go to school.v开始开始vWed better get going.v我们最好现在就走。我们最好现在就走。v被被.vHell get punished if he goes on like this.2021/7/2626Lecture 19&20 Infinitive set+object+to do sth/doing;set to dov使开始使开始,使着手做使着手做vThey
23、set him to mow the lawn.v他们叫他给草坪刈草。他们叫他给草坪刈草。v Her words set me thinking.v她的话使我深思。她的话使我深思。v着手于着手于,开始开始vThey set to work as soon as they arrived.v他们一抵达就开始工作。他们一抵达就开始工作。2021/7/2627Lecture 19&20 Infinitiveleave+object+(to)do sth/doing/adj;v cause or allow(sb/sth)to remain in a certain condition,place,e
24、tc 使或让(某人使或让(某人某事某事物物)处某状态、)处某状态、某地等某地等:v Leave the door open,please.v 让门开着吧让门开着吧.v Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.v 别让她在外边雨中等着别让她在外边雨中等着.v entrust(sth)to another person 将(某事物)托将(某事物)托付给他人付给他人*I will leave you to attend to the matter.*我委托你办此事。2021/7/2628Lecture 19&20 Infinitive含义是“听过,看过”
25、,被动语态中要用toe.g.I have never known that man smile.Have you ever known him tell a lie?That man has never been known to smile.help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.H.After“have known+object”I.after help(or help+object)2021/7/2629Lecture 19&20 InfinitiveJ.after except/but不定式
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