宾语从句课件u1p2.ppt

1、宾语从句宾语从句.一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I know him.（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）I know Mr.Li teaches English.(句子作宾语）句子作宾语）She asked if these answers were right.包含宾语从句的句子结构：包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句主句+连接词（引导词）连接词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句.二、宾语从句三要素：二、宾语从句三要素：连连 接接 词词时时

2、态态语语 序序.（一）连接词（一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词连接代词who whom whose what which4.连接副词连接副词when why where how.注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略在口语当中往往省略e.g.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）The teacher told us(that)_.1.（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转）he will be back i

3、n an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时从句一律用一般现在时.2.if/whether“是否是否”，用它，用它引导从句，引导从句，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在用在ask,wonder,can(could)you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。问句或反意疑问句。Could you tell

4、me if(whether)Miss Brown lives in that house?.If 与与whether 的区别的区别 I dont know _ he will come or not.I dont care of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether.3

5、.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：和连接副词引导：what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why,how far,how long,how many,how much,how often作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。分，具有一定的意义。eg:I didnt hear what he wanted me to do.I want to know who is that young man.Tom asked us wh

6、en we would start.（二）语序：陈述句语序（二）语序：陈述句语序 （三）（三）时态时态：主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态态。即：即：主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分其他成分）Do you still remember what he said?(他说的什么他说的什么)?.特殊情况特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。名言时，任用现在时。Dad told us

7、that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960.三、三、宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项(一一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变

8、：作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?eg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?.(二二)只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不定式前：They asked me

9、whether to sit at the front.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择 时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping oror tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not,I cant say.5.在动词在动词discuss后的后的宾语从句中宾语从句中:We

10、discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用从句用whether：Whether he is right or wrong is a question.The question was whether he went there last night.(三三)用用if不用不用whether的情况的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework.2.引导条件状语从

11、句，引导条件状语从句，if意为意为 “如果如果”时时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.三三、宾语从句与简单句的转换、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。化为不定式结构。eg:(1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hope to receive your e-mail.(二）当宾语从句的主语和主

12、句的主语相同，且主句的谓二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是语动词是know,remember,forget,learn know,remember,forget,learn 等时等时,从句可从句可简化为简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。eg:(2)She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know what to do next.(三）当主句的谓语动词是三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，从等时，从句可简化为句可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构。结构。eg:(

13、3)Will you please show me how I can work it out?Will you please show me _.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order sb.(not)to do sth 结构。结构。eg:(4)A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?A:He asked us to be quiet.how to work it out.四、否定转移四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中

14、，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是语动词是thinkthink，believebelieve,guess,suppose guess,suppose等时，等时，要将从句的否定要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。词用肯定式。eg:(5)I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)I dont believe he has finished the work,_?

15、(7)He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?解析：例解析：例6 6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。语从句的主语充当。例例7 7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。由主句的主语充当。has hedidnt he.引导词引导词 句子类型句子类型 that陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句.主句时态主句时态从句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将一般现在时、一般将来时、

16、祈使句时来时、祈使句时 根据句意的需要用根据句意的需要用任意一种时态任意一种时态 一般过去时一般过去时 与原句相对应的过与原句相对应的过去的时态去的时态 客观事实、真理、客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警自然现象、名言警句、谚语等句、谚语等 一律用一般现在一律用一般现在时时.宾语从句三件事，宾语从句三件事，时态语序连接词；时态语序连接词；主从时态要一致，主从时态要一致，陈述语序才合适；陈述语序才合适；一般问句做从句，一般问句做从句，连接词连接词if别忘记；别忘记；特殊问句做宾从，特殊问句做宾从，特殊问词莫漏掉。特殊问词莫漏掉。.有了以上的知识作基础，练练你的能力，相信你一定能作对这些题。1.I

17、want to know _ _he can be here on time.A.who B.when C.where D.if2.Could you tell me _?A.what your mother do B.what does your mother do C.your mother does D.what your mother does3.Did you know _ a sports meeting next Saturday?A.there would have to be B.if there were C.if there was going to be D.there

18、 was going to have4.Tell me _,please.A.How old is he B.how old he isC.he is how old D.how old does he一选择填空一选择填空DDCB.5.I asked him whether he _ how to pronounce this word.A.knows B.knew C.has known D.will know6.Dick said that he _ in a train to Washington at seven yesterday.A.ride B.would ride C.was

19、riding D.had ridden7.Peter said that he _ the way to the chemists shop.A.does not know B.did not know C.do not know D.did not knew8.He said that he _ the next day.A.will set off B.set C.would set off D.wont set off9.The teacher told us that the earth _ round.A.is B.was C.were D.be10.He thinks he is

20、right,_?A.does he B.doesnt he C.is he D.isnt heBCBCAB.Say the sentences right or wrong?I say that taking care of the environment is important.I said that I go to school by bike.I told him that a lot of fish have already died.He said that he will return the next week.Mr Smith thought that the train i

21、s like a big moving party.1.She thinks that she had won the match.RWWWWW.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear they _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party si

22、nce 1948.(be)He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the murder now.(talk)will be goes were playing have returned had been travels are talking were doingExercise:fill in the blanks.9.I didnt know whom the lett

23、ers _ from.(be)10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Mr Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the sun.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ there several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell

24、me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken had been risesdid were.Do you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：.4Lilys mother looked for her for

25、 half an hour,but could not find _?what Lily was B.what was LilyC.where Lily was D.where was LilyC3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.what he is B.when he was born C.where he comes from D.if he lives here C.5.The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C

26、.takes D.will take 6.Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled AC.7.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?A.if B.weather C.what D.whichA8.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will

27、 leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing C.改错改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back.He doesnt kn

28、ow when she can come back.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.I hear he _(return)it already.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)He asked what they _ at eight last n

29、ight.(do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)will begoes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were doing.10.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)11.Miss Wang

30、 told me that the earth _(move)round the earth.12.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)13.Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.(be)14.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)15.Can you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken has been risesdid.宾 语 从

31、句 小 结一一.结构结构1.当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+that+主语主语+谓语部分谓语部分2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+if(whether)+主语主语+谓谓语部分语部分3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+主语主语+谓语谓语部分部分二主从时态关系二主从时态关系 主句主句 从句从句一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 3.(特殊特殊):任何时态任何时态 (客观、自然现象客观、自然现象)三三.语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化一般现在时一般现在时.