人教版七年级上册《英语》语法总结ppt课件（PPT29张）.ppt

1、知识点知识点1：冠词a,an,the的用法1.不定冠词a,an，表示“一个，一.”。2.定冠词the，表示“这，那，这些，往往用作指带上文所提到的人或者物。注意：零冠词现象球类和棋类运动前，不加任何冠词。乐器前，一定要加the。Her sister can play _ chess国际象棋.A.the B./C.a D.anI can play _ piano钢琴.A.an B./C.a D.the知识点知识点2：名词变复数的规则：一般情况下，直接加-s例如:map-maps boy-boys pen-pens bag-bags 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，加-es.例如:bus-es，wat

2、ch-es，box-es，brushes毛刷/毛笔,glass-es玻璃杯,watch-es手表以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,加-es.例如:babies，cities，countries，families monkeys，holidays假日(专有名词)以辅音+o结尾无生命的名词，直接加s，读/z/.例如:piano-pianos photo-photos以辅音+o结尾有生命(包括动植物)的名词，加es，读/z/.例如:heroes negroes tomatoes potatoes以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为v,加es.小偷thief的妻子wife，拿刀knife和半片half树叶le

3、af结束了躲在架子shelf后面狼wolf的生命life.以f,fe结尾的，加s屋顶上roof的首领chief和农奴serf，在海湾Gulf的悬崖cliff边，发现了一个手帕handkerchief，上面记录了保险箱safe丢失的证据proof单数变复数不规则变化：1)Child孩子-children foot脚-feet tooth牙齿-teeth mouse老鼠-mice man-men woman-women 如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数为2)单复同形，中Chinese日Janpanese友好绵羊sheep鹿deer，一系列

4、series鱼fish物种species 等。元、角、分不可数，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:two dollars;two meters。3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如:people 人police警察 cattle牛 等本身就是复数，a person人，a policeman，a herd群 of cattle.4)以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如:A.maths，politics政治，physics物理等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。B.news 新闻 为不可数名词。C.the United States（USA），the United Nations(UN)应视

5、为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。5)表示由两部分构成的东西。如:glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes等;表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers等。6)另外还有一些名词，有时可表示特别意思.如:goods货物，waters水域fishes(各种)鱼。知识点3：名词所有格，表示所属关系。名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是s所有格（有生命的东西）；另一种是of所有格（无生

6、命的事物）。在单数名词后加“s”。如：Jims house 吉姆的房子 Charless address 查尔斯的地址 Miss Greens coat 格林小姐的外套 在以s或es结尾的复数名词后加“”。如：the twins bedroom 双胞胎的卧室 Teachers Day 教师节【拓展】（1）如果一件东西为几个人共有，则在最后一个名词词尾加“s”。Lucy and Lily s room 露西和莉莉的房间（共有）（2）如果所指事物是各自所有，则应在每个词后加 s。Tom s and John s mothers 汤姆和约翰的妈妈（3）在表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词

7、，也可以在词尾加“s”，“”来构成所有格。an hours ride 骑车一小时的路程 five hundred meters distance 五百米的距离 a hundred yuans order 一百元的支票_ mothers work in the same school.A.Lucy and Peters B.Lucys and Peter C.Lucys and Peters D.Lucy and Peter知识点知识点4：代词人称代词：主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they 宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词：形代：m

8、y,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名代：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs-When is your mothers birthday?-_ birthday is in March.A.She B.Her C.His D.HeMary is my good friend,_ mother works in a hospital.A.shes B.hers C.she D.herI am Jim.This is my friend,_ name is Tom Smith.A.my B.her C.your D.hi

9、s知识点知识点5：基数词和序数词的表达和用法基数词用来表示数目，序数词用来表示顺序。基数词无规律1-12 单独记：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13-19 词尾为teen：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen逢十的单词词尾加ty：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty【注意】表示几十几时,个位和十位之间添加连字符“-”如：21 twenty-one表示几百时，在几十几和百位间加上and.如：101 a hundred and one 320 three hun

10、dred and twenty序数词序数词第一到十九中除 第一one（first）,第二two（second）,第三three（third）,第五five（fifth）,第八eight（eighth）,第九nine（ninth）,第十二twelve（twelfth）其余的均由基数词后加后缀“th”构成。整十的数字的序数词的构成方法是：先将十位数词尾的,y变成ie 再加-th。如：thirty-thirtieth,forty-fortieth 读音发生变化将几十几变成序数词时，只把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。如：thirty-sixthirty-sixth ninety-eightninety

11、-eighth序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th 【方法】基数词变序数词记忆歌基变序，有规律，末尾加上th；一、二、三，特殊记，结尾字母tdd;八去t,九去e,f要把ve替,然后再加th；以y结尾变ie，后跟th莫忘记。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。Sunday is _ day in a week.A.firstB.the first C.Seven D.the seventh知识点知识点6：be动词用法口诀：我I用am,你you用are,is跟着他he，她she，它it；单数名词用is

12、,复数全部都用are；变否定，很容易，be后not加上去；变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫迟疑。【应用】【应用】1.I a good student.A.amB.is C.areD.be 2.He a good student.A.amB.is C.areD.be3.They good students.A.amB.is C.areD.be知识点知识点7：do/does用法用法：实义实义动词：“做，干”，如：do homework助动词助动词，没有任何含义，帮助构成疑问句和否定句。如：I dont know the girl.Do you have a baseball?实义动词时，意为做，干，作助

13、动词时，对谓语是实义动词的句子进行提问和否定。例如：Do you like bananas?Does he have any strawberries?He doesnt like apples.We dont know the boy in black.以do/does开头的句子是一般疑问句，用yes或no来回答，用do提问，用do回答，用does提问，就用does回答。简略回答中，要用代词简略回答中，要用代词替代原来的名词主语替代原来的名词主语【应用】【应用】_ Tom _ TV every day?A.Do,watch B.Does,watchesC.Does,watchD.Do,wat

14、ches-Does your father have a baseball?-_.A.Yes,he is.B.No,he dont.C.Yes,she does.D.No,he doesnt.I usually have breakfast in the morning.(提问)What you in the morning?知识点知识点8：this/that、these/those、it/they对含有this/that的句子提问，答语用it作主语。对含有these/those的句子提问，用they作主语。a)Is this your pen?Yes,is.No,isnt.b)Are the

15、se your pens?Yes,are.No,arent.知识点知识点9:介词：for,in,on,at,about,of,to,afterfor表示原因：thanks for+名词、动名词(V-ing)for表示价格：物品+for+价格We have black shirts for 20 dollars each.for+三餐：For breakfast/lunch/dinner表示地点的：in+大地点、at+小地点表示时间的：in+年、月、季节 season on+具体某天 On May 1stat+时刻点 at 3:00in+语言“用某种语言”at+号码、邮件地址 call at E

16、-mailat.at a(very)good price 以优惠的价格其他：Think about/what about/how about/【应用】【应用】My fathers birthday is _May and my mothers birthday is on June 5th.A.in B.on C.at D.of_ Sunday,many skirts are on sale _ only 5 dollars.A.For,in B.On,inC.In,for D.On,for_ 5:00 this afternoon,I will have a meeting.A.In B.O

17、n C.At D.Of 知识点知识点10：动词的单三形式变化：一般情况下，直接加-s.help-helps以字母s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，加-es.watches misses想念想念/错过错过 fixes修理修理 washes洗洗 goes去去,does做做以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-es.study-studies 学习，研究 fly-flies注意：have-has My mother _ housework every day.A.doB.doesC.takesD.takeThe sweater _ very nice.A.hearsB.looksC.playsD.sel

18、ls知识点知识点11：特殊疑问句组成：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。常见常用的特殊疑问词：what/where/how/when/why/who/5W1Hwhat colorHow much/many/old/long-_ is the Music Festival?-Its May 6th.A.When B.WhereC.WhatD.What time-Mom,_ my socks?I cant find them.-Oh,theyre in my bedroom.A.where areB.where is C.whatsD.whatre-_ does he like action movies?

19、-Because theyre exciting.What B.WhoC.WhyD.Where补充补充知识点知识点：when和what time的区别what time问具体的时间,如某一天的几点钟,甚至几分钟。when问的时间比较笼统.在问生日日期时,不要用“what time”这个特殊疑问词而应该用when.What time(When)does your mother go to work?“你母亲什么时候去上班?”She goes to work at seven“她七点去上班.”When will he come back?.“他什么时候回来?”“Hell come back tom

20、orrow”他明天回来.”按要求转换句型(1)These black jackets are 50 yuan.(就划线部分提问)_ _ are these black jackets?(2)The store sells school things.(改为否定句)The store _ _ school things.(3)How old are you?(改为同义句)_ your _?(4)My sister wants to be a movie actor.(改为否定句)My sister _ _ to be a movie actor.(5)My mother gets up at 7

21、:00 every morning.(就划线部分提问)_ _ _ your mother _ up every morning?知识点知识点12：交际用语：-Happy birthday!/Your skirt is nice.-Thank you./Thanks.-Lets+V原形 -That sounds good/great/boring.-Can I help you?-Yes,please.No,thanks/thank you!知识点知识点13：动词的单三形式变化：一般情况下，直接加-s.help-helps以字母s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词，加-es.watches misses

22、想念想念/错过错过 fixes修理修理 washes洗洗 goes去去,does做做以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加-es.study-studies 学习，研究 fly-flies注意：have-has My mother _ housework every day.A.doB.doesC.takesD.takeThe sweater _ very nice.A.hearsB.looksC.playsD.sells知识点知识点14：pairbe动词选用要依据pair的单复数。当pair是单数时，用is。当pair是复数时，用are。【应用】【应用】That pair of shoes _

23、 mine.A.isB.are C.be D.amHow much _ these pairs of socks?A.is B.are C.am D.be知识点知识点15：How much句型的用法(1)how much意为“(价格)多少”，用于询问物品的价格，句型为“How much+is/are+主语?”。当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，用is，答语为：Its；当主语是可数名词复数时，用are，答语为：Theyre。如：How much is your coat?你的大衣多少钱？-Its 50 dollars.五十美元。(2)how much还可以用来询问数量，意为“有多少”，用来修饰

24、不可数名词。How much water do you need?你需要多少水？如果修饰可数名词复数，则应该用how many。-How _ are these apples?-Theyre 6 dollars.A.many B.much C.someD.any-How _ pens do you have?-Six.A.many B.muchC.some D.any拓展：some，any1.Some 可以接可数/不可数n,用于肯定句2.any可以接可数/不可数n，用于否定、疑问句注意：some 有时候用在疑问句中，表示想要得到对方的肯定回答。Would you like some coffe

25、e or tea?Yes，please.No，thanks.知识点知识点16：反义词：反义词：right-wrong big-small tall-short long-short man-woman old-newbusy-free there-here ask answer forget-remember after before buy selldown up open close late early far near come go borrow lend hate like/love bad good easy hard/difficult different same wrong rightleft right hot cold safe dangerous cool warm thin fat/thick dry wet a.m.p.m.east west slow fastnorth south above below noisy quiet