2022新人教版八年级上册《英语》句子成分及五种基本句型ppt课件.pptx

1、I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语Members of a sentence 主语主语 subject 谓语谓语 predicate 宾语宾语 object 表语表语 predicative 宾补宾补 complement 定语定语 attribute 状语状语 adverbial 同位语同位语 appositive句子的主干成分：句子的主干成分：句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：主语是一个句子所叙述的主语是一个句子所叙述的主体主体,表示句子所说的是表示句子所说的是“什么人什么人

2、”或或“什么事什么事物物”Gina is from Australia.She often goes to the movies.Three is enough.Doing the work is hard for him.To see is to believe.-名名词词-代代词词-数词数词-动名词动名词-不定式不定式句首句首1.The students got on the school bus.2.His job is to train swimmers.3.We often speak English in class.4.When we are going to have an E

3、nglish test has not been decided.5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.挑出下列句中的主语表示主语所做的动作或具表示主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态有的特征和状态,说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”或或“怎么样怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致主谓要一致2.谓 语 We love China.He has a bad cold.Jane loves China.主语的后面主语的后面A.A.简单谓语简单谓语：He practices running every morning.He reads

4、 newspapers every day.B.B.复合谓语复合谓语由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。1.You may keep the book for two weeks.2.He didnt attend the meeting yesterday.We are students.Your idea sounds great.情态动词：情态动词：can may can may will could will could shoul

5、d should 助动词：助动词：be+doingbe+doinghave/has donehave/has donedo,does,did,do,does,did,dont,didntdont,didnt由一个动词或动词短语构成。由一个动词或动词短语构成。1.You may keep the book for two weeks.2.My sister is crying over there.3.I have been waiting for you all the time.4.I would stay at home all day.5.Has he come back?6.He ma

6、naged to finish the work in time挑出下列句中谓语表示动作或行为的表示动作或行为的对象对象说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”Can I ask some questions?He is looking at the dog.I bought a computer last week.宾语一般宾语一般放在及物动放在及物动词或介词后词或介词后He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语直接宾语直接宾语指指物物,间接宾语间接宾语指指人人.及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词I saw him last week.They eat bre

7、ad every day.SheShe smiled smiled happily.happily.TheyThey laughed laughed loudly.loudly.She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:如果要加宾语如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助就要靠一个介词来帮助:挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt don

8、e his homewrk.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.说明主语说明主语“是什么是什么”,“怎怎么样么样”位于位于系动词系动词之后之后4.4.表表 语语Her mother is a teacher.The food tastes delicious.常

9、见的系动词有常见的系动词有:状态系动词状态系动词 感官系动词感官系动词 变化系动词变化系动词 持续系动词持续系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有表示主语状态、身份等，主要有bebe主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,lookfeel,smell,sound,taste,look等等表示主语变化，表示主语变化，become,grow,turn,fall,get,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comego,come等。等。表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有要有keep,remain,staykeep,rem

10、ain,stay等等系动词系动词状态系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be。持续系动词持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有要有keep,remain,stay等。等。感官系动词感官系动词 主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。等。This flower smells very sweet.变化系动词变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。等。I am hungry.He always kep

11、t silent at meeting.He became mad after that.修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词,定语起类定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用似于形容词的修饰作用Shes a good basketball player.Whats your name?The girl with long hair is my sister.挑出下列句中的定语1.What is your given name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.修

12、饰动词、形容词、副词或全句修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。随、目的等。The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.He sat there quietly.This material is environmentally friendly.He runs very slowly.Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）（修饰形容

13、词用副词，作状语）（修饰副词（修饰副词slowly,因此因此very是副词，作状语）是副词，作状语）（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）He writes carefully.He walks slowly.修饰动词用副词，作状语修饰动词用副词，作状语)找出状语He began writing when he was eleven.A B C DThere was a big smile on her face.A B C D指出下列画线部分属于什么状语1.How about meeting again at six?2.Mr.Smith lives on the th

14、ird floor.3.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.4.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.时间状语地点状语原因状语方式状语5.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very intereste

15、d in business.8.The boy needs a pen very much.伴随状语目的状语目的状语程度状语9.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.10.She works very hard though she is old.11.I am taller than he is.结果状语让步状语比较状语We elected him our monitor.He asked her to take the boy out of school.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to

16、read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以解释和说明，近乎于后置定语。We students should study hard.(students是是we的同位语，都是指同一批的同位语，都是指同一批“学生学生”）Its

17、good to us students.画出下列句中的同位语1.The young man,my brother,works in the office.2.Our English teacher,Mrs.Wang,often helps us with study.3.They,some railway workers,are busy repairing the train.1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓 (状）状）2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.He gives me some seed

18、s.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓 （状）（状）7.We must keep our classroom clean.主+谓+宾+宾补8.After work he always feels a little tired.（状）主+（状）系+（定）表9.They laughed at us after the match.主+谓 宾（状）10.She told me a story.主 谓间宾直宾指出下列句子划线部分是

19、什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8

20、.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9.His wish is to become a scientist.10.Do you have anything else to say?He likes eggs.He doesnt like chickens.He likes eggs,but he doesnt like chickens.He said that he likes eggs.简单句 并列句 复合句并列连词并列连词从属连词从属连词简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(

21、complex sentence)What kinds of English sentences do you know?分类分类说明说明例句例句简简单单句句由一个主语或并列主由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子。即谓语构成的句子。即一套主谓关系一套主谓关系。1.Tom and I found her there.2.We all breathe,eat and work.并并列列句句由并列连词由并列连词（and,so,but,or等）等）把两个或两个以上的把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构简单句连在一起而构成的句子。成的句子。1.He likes eggs,

22、but he doesnt like chickens.2.Work hard or you will fall behind.复复合合句句由一个主句和一个或由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成一个以上的从句构成的句子的句子1.I believe you are right.2.If you study harder,you will pass the exam.基本句型 一1.Time 2.The sun 3.The man4.Everybodyflies.rises.cooked.laughed此句型中动词是不及物动词此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表达完整意思。能表达完整意思。主语可有修饰语

23、主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语状语The red sun rises in the east.基本句型 二1.He 2.The dinner3.The weather is smellsbecame tall and strong.good.warmer.此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意此句型中谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。基本句型 三（及物动词）（及物动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.I 4.I5

24、.Iknows laugh at want dont knowenjoythe answer?her.to have a cup of tea.what to do.living here.此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。意思完整，而宾语成分的多样化使这一结构异常复杂。基本句型 四（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.I 2.Heshowedboughthimme my pictures.a beautiful skirt.此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾

25、语才能表达完整的意思。这此句型中的谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接宾语（多指人）。的间接宾语（多指人）。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to to 或或forforHe bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的

26、动词有：（需借助 to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。基本句型 五（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They 3.We 4.I keep call asked saw the table supper him them clean.dinner.to come back soon.getting on the b

27、us.此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成分来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。补充成分来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。注意：用 it it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即 主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.常用于此句型的动词有:think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make使用it当形式宾语翻译下面的句子1.他感到很难跟你交谈。2.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。3.学校

28、定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。4.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.3.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.4.I thought it no use talking with that man1.You are sitting on the train hom

29、e.2.There comes the bus!3.The egos potential for expansion is limitless.4.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.5.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.5.We think it our duty to study well.判断下列句子属于何种句式判断下列句子属于何种句式Exercises:Exercises:Exercises:翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：翻译下列句子并分析

30、句子结构：1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信。4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作业。1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信。1.I often read English in the morning.主主 +谓谓 +宾宾2.Mary is a clever student.主主 +系系 +表表 3.My teacher gave me a letter.主主 +谓谓 +双宾双宾 4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生6.他正在房里做家庭作业。4.My mother often asks me to study hard.主主+谓谓 +宾宾 +宾补宾补5.We call our teacher Mr.Wang.主主+谓谓 +宾宾 +宾补宾补6.He is doing his homework in the room.主主 +谓谓 +宾宾