英国文学史及选读1课件.ppt
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1、英国文学史与选读通过作品找意境,通过中西文学对比,通过作品找意境,通过中西文学对比,让文学课升华至文化课,让我们的学让文学课升华至文化课,让我们的学生成为自己的主人。生成为自己的主人。StructureEarly and Medieval English LiteratureRenaissance English LiteratureThe English Literature of The 17th CenturyThe English literature of The Enlightenment Age The Age of RomanticismThe Victorian AgeThe
2、 20th-Century British poetryEarly and Medieval English Literature 5 Century-1485“Early”here means English literature in primitive and slavery society.“Medieval period”is a quite special period in English history.In Chinese“Medieval”or“The Middle Age”.The Angle-SaxonsEnglish literature began with the
3、 Anglo-Saxon settlementAnglo-Saxon Language(old English)BeowulfThe Norman:Feudalism,landlord&peasant began with the Norman,language greatly changed and enriched.Adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round TableThe epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times.It
4、 is a Denmark story which used alliteration,metaphors and understatements.The hero,Beowulf,is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a hero.He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself.He encounters hideous mons
5、ters and the most ferocious of beasts but he never fears the threat of death.His leadership skills are superb and he is even able to boast about all his achievements.Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English poetry,writer,also the outstanding English poet before William Shakespeare.Chaucer made a c
6、rucial contribution to English literature in writing in English at a time when much court poetry was still composed in Anglo-Norman or Latin.Although he spent one of two brief periods of disfavor,Chaucer lived the whole of his life close the centers of English power.Renaissance English LiteratureRen
7、aissance English Literature (15C-17C)(15C-17C)The Renaissance sprang first in Italy in the 14 century and gradually spread all over Europe.Two feature are striking of this movement.The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.While people learned to admire the Greek and Latin works
8、as models of literary form,they caught something in spirit very different from the medieval Catholic dogma.So the love of classics was but an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.Another feature is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.People ceased to
9、 look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.Thinkers,artists and poets arose,who gave expression,sometimes in an old guise,thou8gh,to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement,a feeling in sharp contrast with theology.Hence arose the thought of Humanism
10、.Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.In simple terms,the Renaissance in England was caused by the spread of Renaissance learning and ideology from Italy.The Renaissance embraced not only literature,but also art and architecture.In literary terms,the study of the classical poets led not only
11、to their translation into English but the adaptation of their verse forms and systems of poetical metre,as well as the embracing of their themes and genres.Renaissance English Literature 人文主义思想(人文主义思想(HumanismHumanism)的核心就是强调以)的核心就是强调以“人人”为本,宣传个性解放、现世幸福,并积极推为本,宣传个性解放、现世幸福,并积极推进学术,传播科学知识和国家统一等新思想,对封进
12、学术,传播科学知识和国家统一等新思想,对封建制度、宗教禁欲主义和上层僧侣的腐败虚伪则进建制度、宗教禁欲主义和上层僧侣的腐败虚伪则进行了无情的嘲讽与抨击。行了无情的嘲讽与抨击。在欧洲历史和哲学史中,人文主义主要被用来描述在欧洲历史和哲学史中,人文主义主要被用来描述1414到到1616世世纪间较中世纪比较先进的思想。一般来说今天历史学家将这段纪间较中世纪比较先进的思想。一般来说今天历史学家将这段时间里文化和社会上的变化称为文艺复兴,而将教育上的变化时间里文化和社会上的变化称为文艺复兴,而将教育上的变化运动称为人文主义。欧洲文艺复兴时期新兴资产阶级反封建的运动称为人文主义。欧洲文艺复兴时期新兴资产阶
13、级反封建的社会思潮。资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的社会思潮。资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的价值,要求享受人世的欢乐,要求人的个性解放和自由平等,价值,要求享受人世的欢乐,要求人的个性解放和自由平等,推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。The Art of Renaissance 最后的晚餐最后的晚餐 (意大利)(意大利)达达 芬奇画芬奇画1495-14971495-1497年年 米兰圣玛利亚米兰圣玛利亚格拉契修道院藏格拉契修道院藏拉斐尔拉斐尔:(1483-1520):(1483-1520)意大利文艺复兴时期意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大的画家之一,代表
14、了文艺复兴时期艺最伟大的画家之一,代表了文艺复兴时期艺术家从事理想美的事业所能达到的最高峰。术家从事理想美的事业所能达到的最高峰。米开朗基罗米开朗基罗博那罗蒂博那罗蒂(1475-1564)是是一位多才多艺的博学的艺术大师。他集一位多才多艺的博学的艺术大师。他集雕刻家、画家、建筑家、诗人于一身雕刻家、画家、建筑家、诗人于一身 Thomas More(1478-1535)Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)Francis Bacon(1561-1626)William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Ben Johnon(1572-1637)Thomas More(147
15、8-1535)He was born in a middle-class family.his father was a prominent lawyer,and later a judge.A scholar by nature ,he became a lawyer.Quite early he was elected to Parliament and he acted as the spokesman of London merchants who were on e of the principal stays of the Tudor monarchy.Thomas Mores U
16、topia is one of the most influential books in the Western philosophical and literary tradition and one of the supreme achievements of Renaissance humanism.More humanism.More coined the word utopia(from the Greek:no place),and his complexly ironic account of an imaginary communist society not only ha
17、s given rise to the genre of utopian fiction but has been an inspiration to generations of political reformers.William ShakespeareAny discussion of Shakespeares life is bound to be loaded with superlatives.In the course of a quarter century,Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays.Taken individuall
18、y,several of them are among the worlds finest written works;taken collectively,they establish Shakespeare as the foremost literary talent of his own Elizabethan Age and,even more impressively,as a genius whose creative achievement has never been surpassed in any age.The merchant of Venice As You Lik
19、e I Twelfth Night Midsummer Nights DreamRomeo and Juliet Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth The Sonnets A Lovers Complaint The Rape of Lucrece Venus and Adonis Funeral Elegy by W.S.莎士比亚莎士比亚“四大悲剧四大悲剧”中的第一部,也是他的代表作。中的第一部,也是他的代表作。丹麦王子哈姆莱特的故事早见于丹麦王子哈姆莱特的故事早见于1212世纪丹麦历史学家世纪丹麦历史学家Saxo GrammaticusSaxo Gramma
20、ticus写的写的丹麦史丹麦史,后法、英两国剧作,后法、英两国剧作家据此改编成剧本。一般认为莎士比亚的家据此改编成剧本。一般认为莎士比亚的哈姆莱特哈姆莱特系根据同时代作家基德一部现已失传的系根据同时代作家基德一部现已失传的厄哈姆莱特厄哈姆莱特(Ur HamletUr Hamlet)改编而来的。改编后的剧本保留了原剧)改编而来的。改编后的剧本保留了原剧本的主要框架,但却被赋予了原剧本所没有的感情深度本的主要框架,但却被赋予了原剧本所没有的感情深度与艺术魅力。与艺术魅力。Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English l
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