介词和介词短语课件.pptx

1、栏目索引第第5 5讲介词和介词短语讲介词和介词短语栏目索引总纲目录考点1 时间介词及相关辨析考点2 方位介词(短语)及相关辨析考点3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词试真题试真题练易练易考点4 其他常用介词的用法考点5 介词短语的固定搭配栏目索引总纲目录考点1 时间介词及相关辨析考点2 方位介词(短语)及相关辨析考点3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词考点4 其他常用介词的用法诠考点诠考点学易学易思维导图考点清单考点5 介词的固定搭配栏目索引试真题练易考点考点1 1 时间介词及相关辨析时间介词及相关辨析1.(2018 云南)Mothers Day comes the second Sunday of Ma

2、y.(B)A.inB.onC.atD.for试真题练易栏目索引试真题练易考点考点2 2 方位介词方位介词(短语短语 )及相关辨析及相关辨析2.(2017 曲靖)Hello,guys.We will meet No.126 New Street at 9:00 tomorrow morning.(B)A.inB.atC.onD.to栏目索引试真题练易考点考点3 3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词表示方式、手段或工具的介词3.(2017云南)Many people like watching Chinese Poetry Conference(诗词大会)TV.(D)A.inB.ofC.atD.on栏目

3、索引试真题练易考点考点4 4 其他常用介词的用法其他常用介词的用法4.(2019原创预测)There is always one more person than the number chairs.(C)A.inB.withC.ofD.at5.(2016云南)Ive promised that the same mistake cant happen Todd.(C)A.with B.inC.toD.for栏目索引试真题练易考点考点5 5 介词短语的固定搭配介词短语的固定搭配6.(2019原创)Dad said I was not good basketball.(B)A.inB.atC.w

4、ithD.for7.(2017昆明)Hello,may I speak Mike?This is Mike speaking.(B)A.atB.toC.inD.on栏目索引试真题练易8.(2017云南改编)Jims paintings were different other peoples works,because he never painted on all of the paper.(B)A.ofB.fromC.inD.with9.(2016曲靖)What do you think of your teacher?He is perfect and plays an importan

5、t role helping us in our school life.(C)A.onB.upC.inD.with栏目索引诠考点学易思维导图思维导图 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易考点清单考点清单一、介词的分类一、介词的分类介词一般置于名词或相当于名词的其他词类或结构之前。介词是一种虚词,不能单独充当句子成分,必须与其后的名词、代词、短语或从句等共同充当句子成分。介词的分类如下:类型介词简单介词in,on,at,by,of,about,off,with,near,down,before,around,during,after等复合介词inside,outside,into,onto,witho

6、ut,within,nearby等短语介词according to,because of,instead of,next to,in front of等栏目索引诠考点学易二、介词短语的作用二、介词短语的作用作用例句作定语The book on the desk is mine.作状语They will come to China in a few days.作表语My father is at work.作宾语补足语The farmer made the king out of the water.栏目索引诠考点学易三、常用介词的基本用法及辨析三、常用介词的基本用法及辨析考点考点1 1 时间介

7、词及相关辨析时间介词及相关辨析表示时间的介词有in,on,at,for,since,after,by,before,until,till,during等。1.1.辨析辨析at,on,inat,on,in介词用法举例at某一时刻,后接时间点at 5:40,at noon,at midnight一刹那at this moment某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)at Christmas,at the Spring Festival某些习惯用法at the weekendon具体的日期或星期on July 5,on Sundays节日的当天on Christmas Day,on Fathers Day某个

8、特定的早、中、晚on a rainy night,on Monday eveningin较长的一段时间(如年、季节和月份等)in 1995,in summer泛指的上下午、傍晚、日间等in the morning,in the daytime栏目索引诠考点学易2.辨析辨析in,after介词用法举例in与将来时连用,表示“之后”,后接时间段Hell be back in two hours.after与将来时连用,表示“之后”,后接时间点Hell come back after two oclock.与过去时连用,表示“之后”,后接时间段He returned after a week.栏目索

9、引诠考点学易3.辨析辨析since,from介词用法举例since常用于完成时,表示“自以来”,后接“具体的过去时间”或“时间段+ago”或“一般过去时态的句子”Mr.Black has worked in Beijing since 1998.from表示“从起”,常与to构成词组from.to.He was sleeping from 2 pm to 4 pm.栏目索引诠考点学易4.辨析辨析by,until/till介词用法举例by最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前(可表示现在、过去或将来)He has to return by next Monday.“到时候”By the time you

10、get home,it will be dark.until/till用于肯定句,意为“直到为止”,谓语动词用延续性动词He waited for me until/till ten oclock yesterday.用于否定句,意为“直到才”,谓语动词用短暂性动词The child didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night.栏目索引诠考点学易5.辨析辨析for,during,through介词用法举例for后接时间段,意为“(时间)长达”,可与多种时态连用,谓语动词用延续性动词Bob and his family have lived in Gua

11、ngzhou for ten years.during后接时间段,意为“在期间”,不用于现在完成时During the meal we talked about the TV play.through表示“从开始到结束”,强调动作发生的全过程Its very hot through the whole summer this year.栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练1.(2018上海)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup July.(B)A.onB.inC.atD.of2.(2018重庆A卷)I alway

12、s play basketball to relax myself Saturdays.(A)A.onB.inC.atD.by栏目索引诠考点学易3.(2018温州)Ive ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive two hours.(A)A.inB.afterC.overD.for栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点2 2 方位介词方位介词(短语短语 )及相关辨析及相关辨析表示空间、地点、方位的常用介词(短语)有at,in,on,to,under,above,below,beside,behind,before,near,over,in

13、 front of 等。1.1.辨析辨析at,on,in,toat,on,in,to介词用法举例at用于较小的场所(建筑物,公共机关等)at home,at the station用于门牌号码前at 403 Brook Streeton在上面(表面相接触)on the floor在任何广大的面上on the farm表示与某地相邻、接壤Vietnam is on the south of China.表示在左边或在右边on the leftin在较大的地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)in the city,in China,in Asia,in Sichuan在周围的环境是立体(即四面八方都有

14、东西环绕)的地方in a forest,in the classroom,in his schoolbag表示在某一地区之内的某个方位,属于该范围Yunnan is in the southwest of China.用于某些习惯搭配in the sky,in spaceto表示在某一地区之外的某个方位,不属于该范围Mexico is to the south of the US.栏目索引诠考点学易2 2.辨析辨析over,aboveover,above介词意义区别反义词over在之上;在正上方在垂直正上方underabove在之上;高于相对高度,不一定在正上方below栏目索引诠考点学易3

15、3.辨析辨析across,through,along,past介词用法举例across意为“穿过”,强调从表面穿过He walked across the street carefully.through强调从某一空间内部通过或穿过The train traveled quickly through the tunnel.along强调顺着、沿着路或河流一直前进Walk along the street to the end.past强调从某事物的一旁经过Our bus drove past the Summer Palace.栏目索引诠考点学易4 4.辨析辨析in front of,in t

16、he front of介词意义区别反义词in front of在的前面强调处在某物体外部的前面behindin the front of在的前部强调处在某物体内部的前部at the back of栏目索引诠考点学易5.辨析辨析between,among介词用法例句between指的是两者之间,常用“between A and B”或“between+复数名词”结构The girl is sitting between her father and mother.among指的是三者或三者以上之间The village lies among hills.栏目索引诠考点学易介词用法例句by“在边上

17、”,较near更近She stood by the window.at“在旁边”We ate at the table.beside“在旁边”,相当于next toPut your shoes beside mine.near“在附近”,表示的距离稍远些Is there a post office near here?next to“紧靠的旁边”There is a caf next to the barbers.6.辨析辨析by,at,beside,near,next to栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练4.(2018天津)In the picture,he sits me,looking

18、 very happy.(A)A.besideB.amongC.up D.through5.(2018连云港)Bill,did you see Tom?Yes,he just parked his car here and then hurried the street.(D)A.throughB.overC.past D.across栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点3 3 表示方式、手段或工具的介词表示方式、手段或工具的介词1.表示交通方式的介词表示交通方式的介词by,in,on介词用法例句by后接表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加修饰词I went to Russia by plane.和一些

19、与交通有关的名词连用,表示交通方式 Im going there by sea.in用于封闭型的交通工具前,且该名词前有限定词He goes to work in a car.on用于开放型或半开放型的交通工具前,且该名词前有限定词。有时用于固定词组She goes to school by bus,not on foot.栏目索引诠考点学易2.表示手段或工具的介词表示手段或工具的介词by,in,on,with介词用法例句by凭借“工具或手段”,名词前不用冠词;若其后接动名词形式The work must be done by hand.in表示用某种材料以及语言、声音等,名词前不加冠词Hel

20、l make the speech in English.on“以方式”,用于媒介、媒体、通讯方式前面They talked on the phone.with“用,以,借助于”,其后常接具体的工具I write the letter with a pen.栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练6.(2018青岛)More and more people in Qingdao go to work subway now.(D)A.withB.onC.inD.by栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点4 4 其他常用介词的用法其他常用介词的用法介词意义例句from“从”,表示开始的时间或地点We go to s

21、chool from Monday to Friday.for“给;对而言;为了”Let me do it for you.with“用;随着;带有”He went into the classroom with a smile.without“没有”Without their help,I couldnt finish the task.against“反对”Our team played against yours and we won.of“的”This is a photo of my family.besides“除之外(还有)”Besides Linda,everyone got

22、great grades.including“包括,包含”Many people were hurt in the war,including some children.to“对;给;向,朝;到”I threw the ball to him.as“作为;以身份”As her best friend,I must help her.like“像一样”Lets talk like good friends.栏目索引诠考点学易1.辨析辨析except,besides,but介词用法例句except“只有除外”,不包括后面所提的人或物在内Everyone is very happy except

23、him.besides相当于as well as,表示“除了外还有”Besides reading,I like listening to English news.but“除之外”,常与表示否定意义的词连用,当前面有动词do时,but后跟动词原形No one but Sam has been to London.I can do nothing but wait.栏目索引诠考点学易短语用法例句be made of“用制成”,强调从成品上能看出原材料 The desk is made of wood.be made from“用制成”,强调从成品上看不出原材料 Wine is made fro

24、m grapes.be made into“被制成”Nylon(尼龙)can be made into a lot of things.be made in“在制造”,后跟地点名词This kind of cloth is made in China.be made by“由制造”,后跟某人This machine is made by Mr.Wang.be made up of“由组成”,不需要经过加工处理Class Six is made up of 48 students.2.be made 常见结构常见结构栏目索引诠考点学易3.辨析辨析as,like介词用法例句as意为“作为;以身份”

25、,表示事实Dad was dressed up as Santa Claus.作连词时,可表示“好像;正如”When in Rome,do as the Romans do.like意为“像一样”,其实不是事实Let me speak to you like a father.4.辨析辨析against,foragainst反对,for支持,二者互为反义词。如:Are you for my idea or against it?栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练7.(2019原创预测)Do you know any other foreign language English?(C)A.wit

26、houtB.besideC.besidesD.except栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点5 5 介词的固定搭配介词的固定搭配1.介词与名词的搭配介词与名词的搭配 介词与后面的名词构成的固定搭配,表示状态、时间等。at home在家at noon 在正午at night 在夜晚 at present 目前at rest在休息 at work在工作at times 有时 at Christmas在圣诞节after school 课后by hand 手工by ship 坐轮船 by train 坐火车栏目索引诠考点学易by bus 坐公交车 by plane 坐飞机by bike 骑自行车 by mis

27、take 错误地by chance 偶然地 for example 例如for fun 闹着玩地 in time 及时in spring 在春天 in English 用英语in class 在课堂上 in fact 事实上in danger 濒危,处于危险之中in trouble处于麻烦中 on duty 值日on time 准时 on foot 步行栏目索引诠考点学易on business 出差on sale 出售on show 展出 on line 在线on holiday 在度假2.介词与形容词的搭配介词与形容词的搭配介词与其前面的形容词构成固定搭配。be afraid of 害怕be

28、 good at 擅长be full of 充满be proud of 为感到自豪be angry with 对生气栏目索引诠考点学易be strict with 对要求严格be famous for 因而著名be famous as 作为而著名get ready for 为做好准备be different from 与不同be good for 对有益be bad for 对有害栏目索引诠考点学易3.介词与副词的搭配介词与副词的搭配instead of 代替 ahead of 在前面away from 远离far from 离很远together with 和一起栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题

29、组训练8.(2018上海)Frank is an independent boy.His parents are proud him.(D)A.onB.toC.in D.of9.(2018武汉)What are you doing?Im looking the kids.They should be back for lunch now.(C)A.afterB.atC.forD.up10.(2018福建)Blue whales are .We should try to protect them.(C)A.in timeB.in publicC.in danger栏目索引诠考点学易11.(2019原创预测)I dont think TikTok(抖音)children,because there are some bad videos in it.I agree.(C)A.is good withB.is good atC.is good for D.is bad for