脏腑辨证英文版.ppt
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1、脏腑辨证脏腑辨证 脏腑辨证脏腑辨证,是在认识脏腑生理功能、病变,是在认识脏腑生理功能、病变 特点的基础上,将四诊所收集的症状、体特点的基础上,将四诊所收集的症状、体 征及有关病情资料,进行综合分析,从而征及有关病情资料,进行综合分析,从而 判断疾病所在的脏腑部位判断疾病所在的脏腑部位 、病因、病性等,、病因、病性等, 是为临床治疗提供依据的辨证归类方法。是为临床治疗提供依据的辨证归类方法。 简言之,即以简言之,即以脏腑脏腑为纲,对疾病进行辨证。为纲,对疾病进行辨证。 Syndrome differentiation of Syndrome differentiation of viscerav
2、iscera Syndrome differentiation of viscera means Syndrome differentiation of viscera means to differentiate syndromes according to the to differentiate syndromes according to the physiological functions and pathological physiological functions and pathological changes of the viscerachanges of the vi
3、scera 脏腑辨证脏腑辨证是中医辨证体系中的重要内容之是中医辨证体系中的重要内容之 一,也是中医临床各科辨证的必备基础。一,也是中医临床各科辨证的必备基础。 中医用于临床的辨证方法较多,但中医用于临床的辨证方法较多,但脏腑辨脏腑辨 证证的内容比较系统、完整,生理、病理概的内容比较系统、完整,生理、病理概 念均较确切,纲目清楚,内容具体,因此,念均较确切,纲目清楚,内容具体,因此, 脏腑辨证脏腑辨证是临床辨证的基本方法,是整个是临床辨证的基本方法,是整个 辨证体系中的重要组成部分。辨证体系中的重要组成部分。 Syndrome differentiation of viscera is the
4、base for syndrome differentiation in the clinical specialties of TCM and is an important part in the syndrome differentiation system in TCM .Among many syndrome differentiation methods, Syndrome differentiation of viscera is systematic and complete, with exact physiological and pathological concept,
5、 clear outline and specific content. 脏腑生理功能及其病理变化是脏腑辨证的脏腑生理功能及其病理变化是脏腑辨证的 理论依据。脏腑病证是脏腑功能失调反映理论依据。脏腑病证是脏腑功能失调反映 于外的客观征象。由于各脏腑的生理功能于外的客观征象。由于各脏腑的生理功能 不同,所以它反映出来的症状、体征也不不同,所以它反映出来的症状、体征也不 相同。根据脏腑不同的生理功能及其病理相同。根据脏腑不同的生理功能及其病理 变化来分辨病证,这是脏腑辨证的理论依变化来分辨病证,这是脏腑辨证的理论依 据。所以熟悉各据。所以熟悉各脏腑的生理功能及其病变脏腑的生理功能及其病变 特点特点
6、,则是脏腑辨证的基本方法。,则是脏腑辨证的基本方法。 Physiological and pathological change of viscera is the theoretical basis of the syndrome differentiation of viscera . Visceral Disease Syndrome is the outside reflection of dysfunctional viscera. Different symptoms and signs are reflected due to the physiological function
7、 differences. The theoretical basis of the syndrome differentiation of viscera is to distinguish syndrome according to the differences of physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera. Therefore, the basic method of syndrome differentiation of viscera is to know the physiological funct
8、ions and pathological features of viscera well. 人体是人体是以五脏为中心的有机整体以五脏为中心的有机整体,脏腑之,脏腑之 间、脏腑与各组织器官之间,间、脏腑与各组织器官之间, 他们在生理他们在生理 上相互联系,在病理上则相互影响。因此,上相互联系,在病理上则相互影响。因此, 在进行脏腑辨证时,一定要从整体观念出在进行脏腑辨证时,一定要从整体观念出 发,分析脏腑病变所属证候,仔细审辨其发,分析脏腑病变所属证候,仔细审辨其 内在联系。内在联系。 human body is an organic whole, with the five interna
9、l organs as the center . Various visceras, organs and tissues are interacted physically and interconnected pathologically with each other . Therefore, overall concept is important in the Syndrome differentiation of viscera 注意注意八纲、病因、气血津液各种辨证方法八纲、病因、气血津液各种辨证方法 与与脏腑辨证方法脏腑辨证方法的相互关系。的相互关系。脏腑辨证不脏腑辨证不 单是以
10、辨明病证所在脏腑的病位为满足,单是以辨明病证所在脏腑的病位为满足, 还应分辨出脏腑病位上的病因和病性。如还应分辨出脏腑病位上的病因和病性。如 在在脏腑实证脏腑实证中,有寒、热、痰、瘀、水、中,有寒、热、痰、瘀、水、 湿等不同;在湿等不同;在脏腑虚证脏腑虚证中,又有阴、阳、中,又有阴、阳、 气、血虚之别,只有探明病因病性病机,气、血虚之别,只有探明病因病性病机, 才能为立法、处方、用药提供确切依据。才能为立法、处方、用药提供确切依据。 Visceral Syndrome is not only to identify the location of disease syndromes in th
11、e viscera, but also to distinguish the cause and nature of disease, such as the difference of cold, heat, phlegm, blood stasis, bluid and dampness in visceral sthenia syndrome, and the yin, yang, qi, blood deficiency in visceral visceral asthenia syndrome. Understanding the pathogenesis, cause and n
12、ature of disease clearly is the basis of method determination prescription and medication. 脏腑的证候类型繁多,各证候的临床表现脏腑的证候类型繁多,各证候的临床表现 异常复杂。要想准确地掌握各证的临床特异常复杂。要想准确地掌握各证的临床特 点(审证要点),必须抓准各证的点(审证要点),必须抓准各证的主要脉主要脉 症症,反复地进行鉴别。尤其对类同的证候,反复地进行鉴别。尤其对类同的证候, 要重点审察其同中之异的症状和体征。要重点审察其同中之异的症状和体征。 There are various syndrom
13、es of viscera many organs, with complex clinical manifestations. In order to accurately master the clinical features of different syndromes, its critical to grasp the main symptom and pulse condition of the syndrome with repeated identification. Especially for the similar syndromes, its essential to
14、 distinguish the differences of similar symptoms and signs. 一、心与小肠病辨证 居胸中,心包络护卫于外,为心主之宫城。居胸中,心包络护卫于外,为心主之宫城。 手少阴心经循臂内侧后缘,下络小肠,与手少阴心经循臂内侧后缘,下络小肠,与 小肠互为表里。心开窍于舌,在体合脉,小肠互为表里。心开窍于舌,在体合脉, 其华在面。心的主要生理功能:一是其华在面。心的主要生理功能:一是主血主血 脉脉,具有推动血液在脉道中运行不息的作,具有推动血液在脉道中运行不息的作 用;另则是用;另则是主神明主神明,为人体精神和意识思,为人体精神和意识思 维活动的中枢
15、。维活动的中枢。 一、syndrome differentiation of heart and small intestinal disease The heart is situated in the chest, with pericardium guarding outside. the Heart Meridian of Hand- Shaoyin is along the trailing edge of medial arm and connected to small intestine with a exterior-interior relationship.The hea
16、rt opens into the tongue, connects to vein in the body and has its outward manifestations in the face. The main physiological functions of the heart: one is to dominate blood and vessels since it is the motive force for blood circulation; the other is to house the mind as the centre of human spirit
17、and consciousness. 心的病变主要反映在心的病变主要反映在主血脉主血脉功能的失常,功能的失常, 主心神主心神的意识思维等精神活动的异常。的意识思维等精神活动的异常。 Pathological changes of the heart refer to the dysfunction of the heart and its functions to govern the mind and blood vessels。 心病的证候有心病的证候有虚实虚实之分。之分。虚证虚证多由思虑劳多由思虑劳 神太过,或先天不足,脏气虚弱,久病伤神太过,或先天不足,脏气虚弱,久病伤 心,导致心,导
18、致心气虚心气虚、心阳虚心阳虚、心阴虚心阴虚、心血心血 虚虚、心阳暴脱心阳暴脱;实证实证多由痰阻、火扰、寒多由痰阻、火扰、寒 凝、气郁、瘀血等原因,导致凝、气郁、瘀血等原因,导致心火亢盛心火亢盛、 心脉痹阻心脉痹阻、痰迷心窍痰迷心窍及及痰火扰神证痰火扰神证。 The heart disease is either asthenic or sthenic. Asthenic heart disease is usually due to excessive anxiety, congenital defects, asthenia of visceral qi in senility or imp
19、airment of the heart by prolonged illness which leads to asthenia of heart qi, asthenia of heart blood, asthenia of heart yin and sudden loss of heart yang. Sthenic heart disease is due to phlegm retention, fire disturbance, cold coagulation, qi stagnation and blood stasis which lead to obstruction
20、of heart vessels hyperactivity of heart fire, confusion of heart by phlegmatic fired disturbing the heart. 心:心: 虚证虚证气、血、阴、阳气、血、阴、阳 实证实证火、热、痰、瘀、寒、气火、热、痰、瘀、寒、气 小肠:小肠: 小肠实热小肠实热 heart: astheniaqiqi、bloodblood、yinyin、yangyang stheniastheniafirefire、heatheat、phlegmphlegm、stasisstasis、 coldcold、qiqi small
21、intestinesmall intestine: sthenic heat syndrome of small intestinesthenic heat syndrome of small intestine 心病的常见症状:心病的常见症状:惊悸、怔忡、心痛、心烦、失惊悸、怔忡、心痛、心烦、失 眠、多梦眠、多梦、健忘、神昏、神识错乱健忘、神昏、神识错乱,脉结代或促、脉结代或促、 舌痛、舌疮舌痛、舌疮等。(舌体病变,归属于心)等。(舌体病变,归属于心) 心火下移小肠:小便赤涩灼痛。心火下移小肠:小便赤涩灼痛。 Clinical manifestations of heart diseaseC
22、linical manifestations of heart disease: palpitationpalpitation, , chest painchest pain, , dysphoriadysphoria, , insomnia,insomnia, dreaminessdreaminess, amnesia, coma, , amnesia, coma, confusion of confusion of consciousnessconsciousness , knotted and slow regular , knotted and slow regular intermi
23、ttent pulse or fast pulse, intermittent pulse or fast pulse, ulceration and ulceration and pain of tongue,etcpain of tongue,etc. . Heart fire transmit to the small intestineHeart fire transmit to the small intestine: Urinary Urinary difficulty with burning paindifficulty with burning pain。 (一)心气虚、心阳
24、虚:(一)心气虚、心阳虚: 心气虚:心气虚:心之常见症状心之常见症状+ +气虚证气虚证 心阳虚:心之常见症状心阳虚:心之常见症状+ +阳虚证阳虚证 (二)心血虚、心阴虚:(二)心血虚、心阴虚: 心血虚:心之常见症状心血虚:心之常见症状+ +血虚证血虚证 心阴虚:心之常见症状心阴虚:心之常见症状+ +阴虚证阴虚证 (一)(一)heart heart qiqi asthenia asthenia 、heart yang astheniaheart yang asthenia: heart heart qiqi asthenia asthenia :common symptoms of common
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