七年制医学课件耳鼻喉6气管、支气管异物.ppt

1、Foreign bodies in the trachea and bronchi气管、支气管异物气管、支气管异物1、Preface(概论）概论）(1)One of the three emergent diseases （三大急重症之一）（三大急重症之一）(2)Often happened in children:90%（小小 儿儿 多多 见）见）(3)Often happened in the right bronchus（右侧支气管多见）（右侧支气管多见）气管、支气管示意图气管、支气管示意图 2、Etiology（病因学）（病因学）(1)ill-development of the te

2、eth in children（小儿牙齿发育不全）(2)ill-development of the protective function in the throat 喉部保护功能不健全）(3)the state of coma or general aneasthesia （昏迷或全身麻醉）(4)medical incidents(医源性因素)Foreign body,right bronchusForeign body,metal toy,left bronchusForeign body,right bronchusForeign body,left main bronchusFore

3、ign body,left bronchus3、Pathology(1)Vegetable bronchitis（植物性支气管炎）（植物性支气管炎）(2)Incomplete obstruction（不完全阻塞）（不完全阻塞）-Pulmonary emphysema（肺气肿）(3)Complete obstruction(完全阻塞完全阻塞)-Obstructive atelectasis(阻塞性肺不张)4、Clinical Appearance（临床表现）（临床表现）(1)异物进入期异物进入期 Spamodic chocking and coughing often with cyanosis

4、(阵发性呛咳、咳阵发性呛咳、咳嗽伴窒息嗽伴窒息)(2)无症状间歇期无症状间歇期 Symptomless interval(3)刺激或炎症期刺激或炎症期 Inflamation and obstruction（4）并发症）并发症期期 complications 炎症炎症-脓胸、脓肿脓胸、脓肿5、Diagnosis（诊断）（诊断）(1)History of inhaled foreign bodies（误吸异物史）(2)Examination（检查）A、PE(physical examination)（体格检查）B、X-ray:Pneumonia (肺炎)Atelectusis (肺不张)Emphysema(肺气肿)-mediastinum shift (纵隔摆动)C、Bronchoscopy (支气管镜检查)The most dependentable way to diagnosis6、Management（处理）（处理）Removal of the foreign body as soon as possible（尽快取出异物）（尽快取出异物）