(海洋油气专业外语课件)C-Well-Control.ppt
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- 海洋 油气 专业 外语 课件 Well Control
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1、Unit 6 Well ControlDefinitionProcess and Equipment for kick detection and controlWell control Well control refers to the control of downhole formation pressures penetrated by the well.There are three distinct well control levels that may occur during drilling operations.Primary control.Primary contr
2、ol is given by maintaining the density of the drilling fluid such that hydrostatic pressure at all depths where formations are exposed exceeds formation pore pressures.Mud hydrostatic pressureformation pore pressurePrimary controlThere are four main reasons,in general,why primary control might be lo
3、st during drilling operations:1.The well penetrates an overpressured zone with a higher formation pressure than mud hydrostatic.2.A weak downhole formation allows sufficient mud to leave the wellbore so that the level of mud in the annulus drops.3.Failure to fill the hole properly when pulling out o
4、f the hole.4.Swabbing.If the drillstring is pulled up with sufficient speed,the reduction in pressure at the bottom can be enough to allow formation fluids to enter the well.BOP stackThe primary function of the BOP is to form a rapid and reliable seal around the drillstring or across the empty hole(
5、if no pipe is in the hole)to contain downhole pressures.There are currently two types of preventers available that allow this seal to be formed.Most BOPs contain at least one of each type as the different characteristics of each are useful for different operations.Annular preventer/bag type prevente
6、r Fixed pipe ram Variable bore pipe ram Blind-shear ramDetection equipment Pit-volume totalizer Flow indicatorBag type preventer(annular preventer)Functions:Sealing on irregular shaped tubularsAllowing pipes move in or out of the well under pressure(stripping)Ram type preventer Fixed pipe ram.The se
7、al is sized to fit one outside diameter only Variable bore pipe ram The seal element can accommodate a narrow range of diameters,for example 3-1/2 to 7.It can only seal on round pipe,not square or hexagonal shapesBlind rams Designed to seal on the open hole.Blind-shear rams have blades incorporated
8、that can cut through drillpipe(though not through drill collars or casing)BOP stacka BOP stack would have at least one bag preventer and two ram preventers.BOP stacks for deeper wells might have up to four ram preventers and two Annular preventers.The ram preventers generally have a higher pressure
9、rating and are always installed below the bag preventers.If only two ram preventers are used,the bottom set will normally be blind-shear rams and the upper set will be pipe rams.One reason for placing the blind rams on the bottom is that if the pipe rams leak,it is possible to close the blind rams b
10、elow and safely open up the upper preventer to change the rams.BOP control systemsA hydraulic control system is used to move BOP units using hydraulic fluid under pressure.BOP control systems1.A reserve hydraulic fluid tank holding fluid at atmospheric pressure.2.A set of bottles holding fluid under
11、 high pressure(usually 3,000 psi)with pressurized nitrogen.3.A high pressure manifold connected to the bottle system.4.A low pressure manifold that contains fluid at the working pressure of the ram preventers(usually 1,500 psi).5.A pressure regulator that feeds fluid from the high pressure manifold
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