《商务英语阅读（第3册）》课件Unit 2 Trade Barriers.pptx

1、Unit 2 Trade Barriers Words&ExpressionsWarming upText A Text B ExerciseCulture Tour Words&Expressionsincrement n.the amount by which a number,value,or amount increases(数字，价值，数量的)增加额The average yearly increment in productivity was 4.5 per cent.生产率的年平均增长量是4.5%。In the new stage,factors of urban land va

2、lue increment have new characteristics.在新的经济、社会背景下，城市土地增值的影响因素呈现新的特点。6/1/18Words&Expressionsjolt n.a sudden shock 震惊I realized with a jolt that they must have gone without me.我惊讶地意识到他们一定是扔下我走了。Research has shown that the cup of coffee does give an individual a slight jolt,but even without the coffee

3、,individuals can still function.研究表明，一杯咖啡确实可以稍微激起人的活力，但即使没有这杯咖啡，人也可以活动起来。6/1/18Words&Expressionscontentious adj.causing a lot of argument and disagreement between people 引起争论的；有争议的Animal welfare did not become a contentious issue until the late 1970s.直到20世纪70年代晚期，动物的福利才成为一个有争议的话题。Sanctions are expec

4、ted to be among the most contentious issues.制裁预计位居最具有争议的问题之列。6/1/18Words&Expressionsimplication n.a possible future effect or result of a plan,action,or event,which must be considered or discussedYou cant just close reactors down-there are all sorts of safety implications.反应堆不能说关闭就关闭，有各种各样的安全问题要考虑。H

5、is talk will examine the wider implications of the Internet revolution.他的讲话将探讨因特网革命更为广泛的影响力。6/1/18Words&Expressionssovereignty n.the power of an independent country has to govern itself 国家的主权；国家的独立自主We respect your sovereignty and the tremendous sacrifices you have made for your country.我们尊重你们的主权，以及

6、你们为自己的国家做出的重大牺牲。The superpower often tramples on the independence and sovereignty of other countries.这个超级大国经常无视别国的独立和主权。6/1/18Words&Expressionsdiscretion n.the ability and right to decide exactly what should be done in a particular situation 判断力,辨别力；酌情决定权Promotions are left to the discretion of the

7、supervisor.提升事宜由主管决定。People want to have more discretion over their working hours.人们要求对工作时间有更多的自主权。6/1/18Words&Expressionsescalate vi/vt if fighting,violence or an unpleasant situation escalates,or if something escalates it,it becomes much worse(使)(战斗、暴力或不好的情况)升级；(使)恶化They dont want the fighting to

8、escalate into a full-scale war.他们不想让这场战斗升级为全面战争。Disputes concerning blockades and neutral trade could escalate into ugly confrontations with neutral states.关于封锁和中立的纠纷有可能升级为与中立国家的对抗。6/1/18Words&Expressionstrade-off n.an acceptable balance between two opposing things that you want(两种对立因素之间的)平衡，妥协，协调Th

9、ere has to be a trade-off between quality and quantity if we want to keep prices low.如果我们想保持低价的话，必须在质量和数量之间进行平衡。Security is always a trade-off between functionality and risk.安全性永远是功能性与风险之间的权衡。6/1/18Words&Expressionsimpediment n.a situation or event that makes it difficult or impossible for someone o

10、r something to succeed or make progress 阻碍，障碍，绊脚石Trying to classify these markets as wholly private or wholly coercive becomes an impediment to clear thinking.试图将这些市场归类为完全私人或完全强制的，对清晰的思维带来障碍。We know that poverty is the single greatest impediment to development and change.我们知道，贫穷是发展和变革的单一最大障碍。6/1/18W

11、ords&Expressionscomply vi.to do what you have to do or are asked to do 服从；遵守Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.不遵守规章制度将招致起诉。Some beaches had failed to comply with environmental regulations.一些海滩没能遵守环保规定。6/1/18Words&Expressionssubstance n.the most important ideas contain

12、ed in an argument or piece of writing 主旨，主要内容；真谛The substance of his argument was that too many people live below the poverty line.他的主要论点就是太多的人生活在贫困线之下了。There is no substance to the rumours.这些传闻毫无根据。6/1/18Words&Expressionsconstraint n.something that limits your freedom to do what you want 限制，束缚，约束Th

13、ese new policies place additional constraints on housing projects.这些新政对于安居工程项目设置了额外限制。Constraints on spending have forced the company to rethink its plans.由于开支受到限制，这家公司不得不重新考虑其计划。6/1/18Words&Expressionsresentment n.a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair 愤恨，不满，憎恶Af

14、ter all,when we treat someone unfairly,we cant expect him to get over his resentment instantly.毕竟，当我们对待某人不公正的时候，他是不可能一点愤恨都没有的。One way to improve eyesight is to control negative emotions like angry,frustration,resentment and strain.一种提高视力的方法是控制负面情绪，比如愤怒、沮丧、怨恨和紧张。6/1/18Words&Expressionsintrusive adj.a

15、ffecting someones private life or interrupting them in an unwanted and annoying way(以一种令人讨厌的方式对某人私生活进行)干涉的；打扰的The government remains intrusive in many areas but much less so than before.政府仍在很多领域保持干预，但是已经比从前少了很多。The constant presence of the media was very intrusive.媒体一直在场十分令人讨厌。6/1/18Words&Expression

16、sdissent n.refusal to accept an official opinion or an opinion that most people accept 异议；意见的分歧India tolerated dissent,but it also tolerated inefficiency,disease and illiteracy.印度容许异议，但同时它也容忍了无能、疾病与文盲。These voices of dissent grew louder.这些反对的呼声日益高涨。6/1/18Words&Expressionssanction n.Official orders o

17、r laws stopping trade,communication etc with another country,as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes(对某国的)制裁 Should CNN and Fox have been subject to government sanction for having made a good-faith error in their reporting?有线电视新闻网和福克斯在报道上发生诚实的失误，这是否应该受到政府制裁。The UN security council

18、may impose economic sanctions.联合国安理会可能会实施经济制裁。6/1/18Words&Expressionsbane n.something that causes trouble and makes people unhappy 祸根；灾星Drugs are the bane of the inner cities.毒品是城市中心的祸根。Piracy may be the bane of the music industry but according to a new study,it may also be its engine.盗版有可能是音乐产业的祸根，

19、但一项新的研究表明，盗版行为也可能成为音乐产业的源动力。6/1/18Words&Expressionsmillennia n.(plural form of millennium)a period of 1,000 years 一千年，千年期What will this mean if all our great efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals are canceled out by the health consequences of climate change?如果我们为实现千年发展目标而付出的巨大努力被气候变化造成的健

20、康后果所抵消，这将意味着什么？For millennia,people have crowded into the region,attracted by its fertile land and minerals.数千年来，人类被那里富饶的土地和丰富的矿产吸引而至，不断聚集。6/1/18Words&Expressionsdisparate adj.very different and not connect with each other 迥然不同的，全异的；不相干的The challenge is to make different computer systems work togeth

21、er.难题是让迥然不同的电脑系统一起工作。Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in astronomy.科学家正试图把天文学界各种迥然不同的观点汇集起来。6/1/18Words&Expressionsvis-a-vis prep.in relation to or n comparison with something or someone 关于，对于；同.相比It is very essential to understand market expectations vis-a-vis the reported fig

22、ures.必须要理解市场预期和已公布数据之间的对比关系。6/1/18Words&Expressionsminuscule adj.extremely small 极小的 Her office is minuscule.她的办公室非常小。The film was shot in 17 days,a minuscule amount of time.这部电影用了短短的17天就拍摄完成了。6/1/18Words&Expressionstremor n.a small earthquake in which the ground shakes slightly(大地的)轻微的震动The earthqu

23、ake sent tremors through the region.这次地震的震感传遍了整个地区。The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it.这种颤动甚至轻到最精密的设备才可能记录它们。6/1/18Words&Expressionsunleash vt.to suddenly let a strong force,feeling etc have its full effect 释放出，发泄(力量、感情等)The announcement unleashed a sto

24、rm of protest from the public.公告引发了一场公众的抗议风暴。The officers were still reluctant to unleash their troops in pursuit of a defeated enemy.军官们仍不愿发兵追击溃敌。6/1/18Words&Expressionsintertwine vi/vt.if two situations,ideas etc are intertwined,they are closely connected with each other(局势、观点等)紧密相关The problems of

25、 crime and unemployment are closely intertwined.犯罪问题和失业问题紧密相关。Their destinies are intertwined.他们的命运交织在一起。6/1/18Words&Expressionsmagnify vi.to make something seem more important than it really is 夸张，夸大This report tens to magnify the risks involved.这个报告有夸大所涉风险的倾向。A public address system magnifies all

26、the little noises and coughs.扩音系统会放大任何细小的噪音和咳嗽声。6/1/18Words&Expressionsmelange n.a mixture of different things 混合物a melange of sounds and smells 各种声音和气味的混合The population is a melange of different cultures.这里的人口是各种不同文化群体的混合。6/1/18Words&Expressionsreciprocity n.a situation in which two people,groups,o

27、r countries give each other similar kinds of help or special rights 互惠Psychologists call this the reciprocity rule,and it is a rule that all societies honor.心理学家把这种行为称为互惠原则，这是所有社会都遵循的原则。The visit is expected to enhance strategic reciprocity for both countries.预料这次访问将加强两国的战略互惠关系。6/1/18Words&Expressio

28、ns Warming upWarming up1.What are trade barriers?Trade barriers are any of a number of government-placed restrictions on trade between nations.Warming up2.What forms do trade barriers take?The barriers can fall into two categories:tariffs and non-tariff barriers to trade.6/1/18 Non-tariff barriers t

29、o trade include import licenses,export licenses,import quotas,subsidies,voluntary export restraints,local content requirements,embargo currency devaluation,and trade restriction.Warming up3.Do you think free trade is conducive to a countrys economic development?Free trade increases prosperity for th

30、e citizens of all participating nations by allowing consumers to buy more,better-quality products at lower costs.It drives economic growth,enhanced efficiency,increased innovation,and the greater fairness that accompanies a rules-based system.Text A UK Trade Agreements after Brexit:How to Address Ta

31、riffs and Regulatory Trade Barriers What does Brexit mean?Brexit(like its early variant,Brixit)is a portmanteau of British and exit.It was derived by analogy from Grexit,referring to a hypothetical withdrawal of Greece from the eurozone(and possibly also the EU).(https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit)

32、6/1/18Lead-in Discussion Why is Britain leaving the European Union?A referendum-a vote in which everyone(or nearly everyone)of voting age can take part-was held on Thursday 23 June,2016,to decide whether the UK should leave or remain in the European Union.Leave won by 51.9%to 48.1%.The referendum tu

33、rnout was 71.8%,with more than 30 million people voting.6/1/18Lead-in Discussion6/1/18Structural AnalysisPara.Main IdeaPara.1If Brexit goes forward,the UK have to rethink how much economic integration it wants to the EU and with the rest of the world in the area of tariffs and regulatory barriers.Pa

34、ra.2-7Para.2-7The questions on tariffs the UK will be faced and the UKs difficult situation.6/1/18Para.Main IdeaPara.8-14 There is a trade-off between the economic benefits of integration and lost sovereignty and autonomy that come with constraits on domestic regulation.Para.15Para.15Why some UK peo

35、ple vote for Brexit.Simon Lester:Simon Lester is a trade policy analyst with Catos Herbert A.Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies.His research focuses on WTO disputes,regional trade agreements,disguised protectionism and the history of international trade law.6/1/18Notes customs unions:A customs

36、union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.The participant countries set up common external trade policy,but in some cases they use different import quotas.Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.6/1/18Notes FT

37、As:Free Trade Agreements自由贸易协定6/1/18Notes TTP:The Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP),or the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement(TPPA),is a trade agreement between Australia,Brunei,Canada,Chile,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,New Zealand,Peru,Singapore,the United States(until January 23,2017)and Vietnam.跨太平洋伙伴关系协定

38、6/1/18Notes TTIP:The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership(TTIP)is a proposed trade agreement between the European Union and the United States,with the aim of promoting trade and multilateral economic growth.TTIP is considered a companion agreement to the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP).跨大西洋

39、贸易与投资伙伴协定6/1/18NotesText B Globalization and China Doesnt Stop Here6/1/18 Coca-Colas journey in China began back in 1979,when Coca-Cola became one of the first international companies to re-enter the market following the end of the Cultural Revolution and the restoration of diplomatic relations betw

40、een China and the U.S.Coca-Cola China6/1/18 In the 1980s,Coca-Cola China looked at creative ways to work with the Chinese government and its state-owned enterprises to set up bottling plants and operations that could locally-produce Coca-Cola for sale to Chinese consumers.Coca-Cola in China has grow

41、n from very humble beginnings.From selling only imported Coca-Cola to tourists in hotels,the consumers across China today enjoy 140 million servings daily.It has been a phenomenal journey.6/1/18 With the current globalization mode being challenged by rising protectionism,China-proposed Belt and Road

42、 Initiative(B&R)provides insight into building a new mode that better suits world development.One of the main assets of the initiative is that it gives the perspective for the world community trying to improve new growth in regions that do have the capacity in growing fast6/1/18Belt and Road Initiat

43、ive and Re-globalization Meanwhile,the program will stabilize regions,which are often targeted by terrorism and it will also create more understanding and cooperation spirit between the countries.Last,the Belt and Road will be a fantastic example for the world community to encourage new initiatives

44、in different regions,for example,for Europe in dealing with Africa.So,the Belt and Road initiative is a new step in globalization.6/1/18Belt and Road Initiative and Re-globalizationExercises Text AI.1-6 ACDDBAII.A.1-5 ADBAB 6-10 CDCAD B.1.benefit from 2.in contrast 3.be applied to 4.in this regard 5

45、.participate in 6.in this case 7.Faced with 8.incorporate.into ply with 10.shift from.toIII.1-5 KJGNH 6-10 IALOD6/1/18Text AIV.1.脱欧迫使英国不得不思考在货物贸易关税方面以及货物和服务贸易制度壁垒方面，和每个欧盟国家之间到底要实现何种程度的经济一体化。2.相反，从关税联盟以外的国家进口面临着繁琐的程序，除了进口贸易的其他程序还包括查验货物的种类、价值、原产地等。3.尽管成为欧盟关税联盟的一员意味着可以简化海关手续并免去繁琐的“原产地规则”，但同时也意味英国在与非欧盟国

46、家的贸易中降低关税的能力受限。4.尽管脱欧公投背后有各种各样的动机，其中移民问题和对欧盟的经济救助是两个比较重要的因素，然而显而易见的一点就是欧盟的规则已经影响到英国国内的制度，英国因此丧失了对国内政策制定的控制权。5.对于政策控制的自主权带来的好处难以衡量，也很难将这样的好处和哪些经济模型联系起来，但是却可以从人民对国际制度的微词中体现出来。6/1/18Text AV.1.The questions are:First,what kind of tariff relationship should the UK have with the EU?Second,what kind of tar

47、iff relationship should it have with the rest of the world?2.Being a part of a customs union limits a countrys options for trade arrangements with the rest of the world.If a free trade area with the EU is chosen instead of a customs union,the country can then negotiate with the rest of the world on

48、its own.6/1/18Text A 3.What makes the most sense is a zero tariff arrangement with the EU,but through a free trade area rather than a customs union;and then a series of FTAs with the rest of the world,which could be bilateral,regional or multilateral(although in the current environment of trade nego

49、tiations,bilateral trade deals might be the most promising).In this way,the UK can maximize its tariff-free trade.4.Because they affect both goods and services,and generate a great deal of criticism and skepticism from groups on both the left and the right who worry about sovereignty or regulatory a

50、utonomy.6/1/18Text A 5.The EUs“single market”is generally considered to be a form of deep integration that eliminates many of the impediments to internal trade caused by the regulations of EU member states.But single markets tend to be partial rather than full,with various exceptions thrown in.The E