大学英语四六级写作课件.ppt（纯ppt,可能不含音视频素材文件）

1、1.短文写作部分满分为15分。2.阅卷标准共分五等：14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。3.阅卷时根据五个方面的具体标准,即内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式有变化和语言规范.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照参照卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连

2、贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。目前的四级考试写作要求至少120120字.字数不足要酌情扣分,一般扣分标准如下白卷,作文与题目无关,或仅有几个孤立的词而未表达思想,判为0 0分.(2)(2)非常优秀的作文可评满分.(3)(3)对规定三段的作文,只写一段者:0-4:0-4分;只写两段者:0-:0-9 9分.(4)(4)题目中已给出的主题句、起始句、结束句,均不得记入所写数字.(5)(5)字数不足者酌情扣分:OnlyOnly 作文存在的障碍和问题The Study of EnglishThere are various k

3、inds of books.History books tell people about the history of human society.Scientific and technological books make people understand the unknown world and make the society progress.Books about art and literature help us enjoy nature and people.a.翻译式作文。例:The First Day I Came to CollegeI always rememb

4、er the day I come to college.It was a sunny day and I was very excited.I have arrived at the college in the afternoon.Everything had seemed fresh to me.The campus was beautiful.The college was located at the foot of a Mountain and was surround with trees.To the east of it we can see a blue river.The

5、re are so many teaching buildings.It was here that I would study for four years.I thought that I must study hard in order to live up to the expectations of my parents and friends.It is true that there are many challenges,but I will prove myself a worthy college student.b.时态混杂。例:ComputerNowadays comp

6、uters are widely used in our society.We can see computers everywhere.Many people use computers in schools and colleges.We also use computers in offices,libraries,banks and at home.c.没啥可写。例:Do you like travelling?Probably you will say“Yes,I like it very much!”Thats right.TravelingI think travelling i

7、s really good to everyone of us.Do you agree with me,my dear friend?d.套用中文模式。例:.As I was a little tired from the journey to the college,I went to bed early.At mid night,I suddenly woke up.I found that there was no gate in the college.The First Day I Came to Collegee.主题模糊。例:(2)(2)作文与词语Im a student of

8、 Hunan University.Im studying in Tumu Department.I like my major very much.要能正确和恰当地用词语表达意思，首先必须意识到英语词语和汉语词语并非是一一对应的。例如，汉语的“觉得”可用英语的feel、find、think等词语来表达，但具体怎么用，还须依句意而定：1.他一点儿也不觉得累。2.我觉得有必要先跟他商量。3.你觉得这个计划怎么样？What do you think of the plan?4.他觉得有人在注视着他们。He didnt feel tired at all.I think we should cons

9、ult him first.How do you like the plan?He became aware that someone was watching him.5.他觉得有责任帮助同学。He deems it his duty to help his fellow classmates.6.我觉得他不会同意。I have a sense that he wont agree.7.你觉得这样做合算吗？Do you find it pays?9.很多次我觉得自己是胜利者。And for many times I figure that Im the winner.8.我觉得我们会取胜。I

10、 have a feeling that we will win.只有通过反复实践，不断体会词语的含意和用法，掌握有关英语词语运用的一些基本要求，才能减少失误，并逐步提高表达能力。金圣华桥畔译谈记得有一次在电视上看到这么一幕(外国电视剧)情景，母亲头发凌乱，儿子见状，叫母亲梳理一下，屏幕上打出的中文是：“可否请你略理云鬓？”词语的运用主要强凋“得体”。试借用一个英译汉例子来说明什么是得体：水浒传第二十三回“景阳冈武松打虎”中有这么一段描述：武松在路上行了几日，来到阳谷县地面。此去离县治还远。当日晌午时分，走得肚中饥渴，望见前面有个酒店，挑着一面招旗在门前，上头写着五个字道：“三碗不过冈。”一个

11、“挑”字，使酒店前挂的旗子活活有了生命。英语中也不乏简单词语用得很生动的例子。大学英语精读课本第二册有一篇题为“My First Job”的课文。主人公去一学校应聘，辗转半天终于找到了学校：文中的struggle 和survive都是常用词，但用得非常生动，很值得学习。The school was a red brick house with big windows.The front garden was a gravel square;four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner,where they struggled to survive the

12、 dust and fumes from a busy main road.没 能 cant fail to/unable to/not be in a position to/很 多 a lot of various/plentiful/numerous/countless/abundant/quite a few必 须 must be supposed to/be obliged to/have no alternative希 望 hope feel like/would like/expect/be dying to/cant wait to努 力 work hard hardworki

13、ng/diligent/industrious/dedicated得 到 get obtain/acquire/achieve/gain/win/earn有 趣 interesting fascinating/attractive/entertaining/pleasant/enjoyable增 进 increase expand/add to/enhance/enlarge/broaden/develop/improve原因1 1A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors are acc

14、ountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.

15、3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4.The factors that contribute to this situation include.4.The factors that contribute to this situation include.5.The change in.largely results from the fact that.5.The change in.largely results from th

16、e fact that.6.We may blame.,but the real causes are.6.We may blame.,but the real causes are.7.Part of the explanations for it is that.7.Part of the explanations for it is that.8.One of the most common factors(causes)is that.8.One of the most common factors(causes)is that.9.Another contributing facto

17、r(cause)is.9.Another contributing factor(cause)is.10.Perhaps the primary factor is that 10.Perhaps the primary factor is that 11.But the fundamental cause is that.11.But the fundamental cause is that.后果1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is.3.It will exercise

18、a profound influence upon.4.Its consequence can be so great that.举例1.A good case in point is.2.As an illustration,we may take.3.Such examples might be given easily.4.is often cited as an example.图表作文一般都附有简要说明,一般要求考生对图表进行说明,并以图表信息为依据,进行归纳总结,得出一般性结论.作文的内容一定要与图表信息一致,同时所采用的信息应能有效地突出主题.例如:2002年6月作文Studen

19、t Use of Computersyour composition on the chart and the outline given below:1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间:1990年(2 hours)、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。HoursYear Since 1990,there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by

20、 students.While in 1990,the average number of hours a student spent on the computer was about one hour per week,this number grew nearly fours hours per week by 1995,and approximately 20 hours per week by the year 2000.The significant growth in the use of computers by students in the 1990s can be att

21、ributed to several factors,including widespread usage,lower prices,and technological and social developments.Nowadays,computers are widely used by students for word processing,book keeping,multimedia presentations,and access to the Internet for both research and communications.Additionally,since 199

22、0,due to competition and technological advances,computer hardware and software prices,as well as Internet charges have dropped significantly.Finally,technological developments and changes in social habits in the 1990s have played a major role in this tremendous growth in the use of computers.Todays

23、society relies heavily on computers for immediate access to the news and entertainment,including listening to music,watching movies and sports 3vents,and playing computer games While computers are of great assistance to the students,and therefore,are indispensable tools,they also pose some challenge

24、s.The biggest challenge that many students face is discipline in the use of this powerful device.Parents are concerned about their kids being addicted to computer games and ignore their studies.Undesirable material and strangers on the Internet may mislead the students.It is urgent that students use

25、 this powerful tool with great wisdom.分项目的总结 第一段：The*(某种图，比如bar chart,pie chart或是curve graph)show*(简单写写情况，比如“妇女受教育程度”，“美国能源利用”，这些一般可以在图下面的说明文字中找到),From the*(某种土)we can have a understanding of*(又是什么情况)第二段：说明段，From the*/*illustrate*+一些内容，主要写以下几个方面：极点(极大，极小)，趋势，特别点(交点，转折点，相同点和一些在特定图上有意义的点)第三段:From the

26、chart,we may have a basic understanding of the situation of凑字数用的！一些表达：柱形图 (bar chart)(bar chart)increase rise go up/drop decrease decline 饼图 (pie chart)(pie chart)*is dividedsintos*parts*consume the largest prtion*accounting for*(百分比)of*is*play a very important role in*线形图 (diagram)(diagram)From thi

27、s point Drop/increase dramaticly a modest/rapid increase 1.1.以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升，下降，或是波动，题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较，2.2.不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述阐述图表概况理由一理由二理由三阐述图表概况剖析图表所揭示的含义前景预测说明图表概况理由一理由二理由三说明图表概况说明理由一理由二理由三说明图表概况 图表作文表达 上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level

28、 up 下降:decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占:occupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比:by contract on the co

29、ntrary likewise compared with 最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendency trend inclination,upward/downward/up-and-down/down-and-up/level/trend 预见:prediction 达到顶峰:mount to 在*中占*:*gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程:a stable period ca

30、n be seen 四级写作实用策略：1.句型要有变化性。考生不可全以简单句拼凑文章，应主动使用复句、倒装、排比、平行结构及动词短语，从而使论述更严谨、更有力，并体现出良好的语言驾驭能力。2.主动使用生动的成语、谚语及有说服力的引语。每次练习时，把这些成语、谚语、引语划出来，以强化主动使用的意识。例如，在论述求知的艰难时，可引用There is no royal road to learning.(做学问无捷径可走)；在论述言行的辩证关系时，可引用Actions speak louder than words.(行动比谚语更有说服力/事实胜于雄辩)。3.学会回避。譬如，想表示某人过着豪华的生活

31、，可以说 He lived a kind of luxurious life.但考生如不会写 luxurious 这个词，不妨回避，切勿生拼硬造。考生可以说 He had a car,a big house and a large company.4.主动使用过渡词。例如使用firstly,secondly,to make long short,moreover,however,furthermore 等等，这样，会使文章层次清晰，也使自己思路清楚。建议练习时将过渡词划出，以增强主动使用的意识。5.注意避免逻辑错误。例:1997年1月六级考试作文题目为 Haste Makes Waste，一考

32、生的第一段第一句为 Many people believe that the faster the better，because they can save time in this way.这样写显然不妥，因为这样写，就等于认定快并可以省时，because 这一部分应改为 thinking they can save time in this way.6.尽量使用几个“高层次”的词，例如可用 nevertheless 代 but，用 magnificent 代替 beautiful 等。7.主题句放开头。文章写法因人而异，大作家的写法更难有固定模式。但作为应试手段，考生应现实地去争取做到开宗

33、明义，将主题句(Topic Sentence)放在每段开头。CET-4的作文不是自由作文，而是有控制的作文，但给出的提纲往往是用中文（04年6月四级作文为全英语提纲），其目的是避免考生将提纲中的文字直接抄录进作文。考生将提纲以主题句的形式放在每段开头表述出来，就可避免跑题，便于阅卷员的工作。8.字数要足够。四级作文要求至少 120 词，字数不足要扣分，这一点在评分标准中有明确规定。考生在平时训练时应按照120词练习，考时也尽量不要只写120词。阅卷员如感觉字数不足，不一定会逐字去查，但在分数段内会给低分。9.卷面要整洁。作文评分不是以貌取人，但卷面是否整洁具有微妙的影响。建议打稿，并在平时训练中掌握自己誉写一篇作文所需时间。检查与修改过程初稿一定存在着某些不妥之处，故需要最后订正。检查语法是否正确，语句是否通顺，用词是否贴切，数字是否准确，表达是否恰当，拼写是否正确，标点是否得当等等。不要把中文的标点符号照搬到英语里，比如：汉语在几个词并列时习惯用顿号（、），在提到书名时用书名号（），但英语不用顿号用逗号、也不用书名号，将书名每个实词的首字母大写就可以了。