critical-thinking阅读时的批判性思维课件.ppt

1、1ppt课件Part I:(Paras.1 4)What is critical thinking?(definition)Para.1:Its a system for opening every existing system.Para.2:Or,critical thinking is thinking that analyzes thought,that assesses thought,and that transforms thought for the better.Para.2:(There is a third way to talk about critical think

2、ing)Its thinking about thinking while thinking in order to think better.Para.4:In other words,critical thinking,transforms thinking in two directions:more systematically and more comprehensively.2ppt课件Part II:(Paras.5 6)Critical thinking is important.Para.5:Its important because we,as creatures,are

3、deeply determined by our thinking.Para.6:Our future as a species is dependent on whether we can develop the wherewithal to raise our collective thinking so as to produce positive changes in societies across the world.3ppt课件Part III:(Paras.7 10):The task of developing critical societies is a Herculea

4、n one.Para.7:topic sentence and background information.Paras.8-10:There are many barriers to critical thought.-Para.8:human egocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness -Para.9:fear,human insecurity,human habits,bureaucracy4ppt课件-Para.10:Then for us who are teaching,student resistan

5、ce to critical thinking is an obstacle.mistaken notions,ignorance,our limited knowledge,stubbornness,our activated ignorance,(finally)our resistance to doing the intellectual work.5ppt课件Part IV(Paras.11 15):How do we cultivate critical thinking?Paras.11 and 12:This can be done only person-by-person

6、through a process,which we call intellectual work.Think of the“Elements of Thought”.Are we in the habit of asking questions?Paras.13 15:What standards do you use to assess your thinking and the thinking of others?“I use the standards of clarity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logic and fa

7、irness.”6ppt课件The last two paras.:conclusionOur students should learn to think critically so as to know how to change their thinking in keeping with the changes of the world.7ppt课件 What is critical thinking?Why is it important for us?Why is it so difficult?How can we cultivate it?8ppt课件 Critic comes

8、 from the Ancient Greek,meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis,and criticism is the activity of judgment or informed interpretation,which can be synonymous with analysis.9ppt课件 Being critical in academic terms refers to two broad characteristics of a researchers way of thinking.1.

9、A critical researcher is always questioning.a.asking question/expressing doubts:nothing is taken for granted.b.scrutinizing evidence:Where there is a claim made,clarify the evidence that supports.c.drawing a conclusion:check if the claims in question are credible-or not!10ppt课件2.A critical researche

10、r is open-minded,respectful of others(even while perhaps challenging their work),and constructive.The objective of critical research is to advance knowledge,not to build ones own reputation or damage someone elses.11ppt课件 So,how do you understand“being critical”in reading?12ppt课件 read between lines

11、be inquisitive judge credibility comment rationally reflect on oneself for improvement13ppt课件read between lines:thinking carefully about what you read and why:not just looking for and reading the obvious14ppt课件 be inquisitive:(1)questioning and testing what you read,e.g.“do the authors viewpoints an

12、d ideas appear justified?Why-or why not?”(2)asking good questions of others and of yourself(3)exploring further what is not adequately discussed in what you read 15ppt课件 judge credibility:(1)judging what is believable and what is not(2)spotting and challenging potential bias,distorted views,prejudic

13、e,and self-interest-in the work of others,and in your own thinking(3)challenging ideas-where appropriate,and based on credible evidence 16ppt课件comment rationally:not just repeating the ideas of others,but looking for connections(or disparities),and constructing your own arguments supported by a rang

14、e carefully considered viewpoints17ppt课件reflect for improvement:(1)looking for gaps,and putting forward new or different solutions;(2)adapting your plan,your goal,your way of reading and learning based on your developing insights18ppt课件 What is the“critical thinking”stairway?What do people do when t

15、hey think critically?19ppt课件When you have a problem,or simply when you want to do sth.,or achieve a certain goal,what do you do to arrive at the final destination?20ppt课件Sherlock Holmes and John Watson have never met each other but they are going to share a flat.When they meet for the first time,the

16、y must wonder:Who is the guy and what is he like?How did Holmes get the answers?How did Watson get the answers?21ppt课件 Question observation processing information(analyzing what is seen and recognizing logical relationship between the visible and the invisible)assumption putting the assumption to te

17、st reconstructing belief arriving at accurate conclusion22ppt课件 puzzled waiting to be told the answer23ppt课件Critical Thinking“Stairway”1.Questions/problems/plan/goal,etc.2.observation:gathering relevant information3.processing information:analyzing,comparing,synthesizing,recognizing logical relation

18、ship between the visible and the invisible4.assumption:Recognizing the existence(or non-existence)of logical relationships between information;drawing warranted conclusions and generalizations 5.test:putting the assumption to test,verifying if it is accurate6.Reconstruction:reconstructing your patte

19、rns of beliefs on the basis of wider experience if previous assumption proves to be inaccurate7.Conclusion/judgment:rendering an accurate judgment24ppt课件1.Critical reading2.Logical thinking3.Creative thinking4.Logic5.Great thinkers/philosophers and their thoughtHere may be where you begin to explore about“critical thinking”:http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking25ppt课件