优秀英语课件状语和状语从句ReviewLessons.pptx（纯ppt,可能不含音视频素材）

1、Review Lessons 状语的定义和作用状语的定义和作用 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。随情况等。状语的形式和位置状语的形式和位置 在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、词组或从句；可以是词组或从句；可以是副词副词（短语）、（短语）、介词短语介词短语、分词分词（短（短语）、语）、动词不定式动词不定式（短语）、（短语

2、）、状语从句状语从句等。等。与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediately he replied.（句首）（句首）He immediately replied.（句中）（句中）He replied immediately.（句尾）（句尾）副词（短语）作状语副词（短语）作状语She is always losing her keys.她总是丢钥匙。John drove too slowly.约翰开车太慢。介词短语作状语介词短语作状语The best fish swim

3、near the bottom.好鱼居水底I have lived here for three years.我住这已经3年了。分词（短语）作状语分词（短语）作状语She sat there doing nothing.她坐在那里无所事事。（doing的逻辑主语是she，它们之间是主动的关系）Given better attention,the trees can grow well.如果得到更好的管理，这些树可以长得很好。（given的逻辑主语是the trees，它们之间是被动的关系）为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词前加前加when,while,

4、ifwhen,while,if等连词。例如：等连词。例如：When leaving the airport,she waved again and again to us.当离开机场的时候，她向我们频频招手。While waiting for the train,I had a long talk with Jane.在等火车的时候，我与珍妮进行了长谈。If translated word by word,the sentence will be meaningless.如果逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的

5、主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如：例如：The holidays being over,they began to get down to do their work again.假期结束了，他们又开始认真地工作。So many people being absent,we decided to put the meeting off.这么多人缺席，我们决定把会议延期。【特别提醒】现在分词表示主动的意思，表示动作现在分词表示主动的意思，表示动作正

6、在进行；正在进行；过去分词表示被动的意思，表示动作过去分词表示被动的意思，表示动作的完成。的完成。动词不定式（短语）作状语动词不定式（短语）作状语She was slow to make up her mind.迟迟不能下决心。To be honest,I didnt enjoy the party.说实话，我不喜欢这个聚会。We live to serve the people heart and soul.我们活着是为了全心全意为人民服务。对比训练与巩固对比训练与巩固1.While I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his plac

7、e.()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as

8、 he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.()时间时间地点地点原因原因目的目的结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式条件状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句状语从句有九种，状语从句有九种，时地原因条状补，时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不同；连词引导各不同；主句通常前面走，主句通常前面走，连词引导紧随后，连词引导紧随后，从句若在主前头，从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗主从之间有个逗

9、。1、时间状语从句：、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：有：when,as,while,before,after,till,until,since,as soon as,by the time,whenerver,once 等引导。等引导。如：如：1.When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.2.It has been 15 years since he left.3.Ill tell him the news as soon

10、 as I see him.4.Once you have got used to it,you will like it.5.I waited till he had finished his work.（1）when,as,while引导时间状语从引导时间状语从句句表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生。后发生。可用延可用延续（持续）性动词，也可用终止续（持续）性动词，也可用终止（短暂）性动词。（短暂）性动词。如：如：1.When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（）2.Wh

11、en the lesson was,we began our writing.（）3.Call me when you have.（）引导时间状引导时间状语从句，语从句，表示某事一发生，另一事随即发生；表示某事一发生，另一事随即发生；表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生；表示表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生；表示两个动作同时发生。两个动作同时发生。可用延续（持续）性动词，也可用延续（持续）性动词，也可用终止（短暂）性动词可用终止（短暂）性动词。如：如：1.As the sun rose the fog disappeared.2.As he was speaking there was a loud

12、explosion.3.He as he.()4.He saw that she was as she.()，引导时间引导时间状语从句状语从句侧重主句和从句动作的对比。侧重主句和从句动作的对比。它也强它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，常用延续（持调主句和从句动作的同时发生，常用延续（持续）性动词或表示状态的动词。如：续）性动词或表示状态的动词。如：1.They rushed in while we were discussing problems.2.You can go swimming while Im having lunch.3.While we were watching TV,he

13、 was doing homework.4.He was writing an e-mail while I was playing games.while也可做并列连词，表示也可做并列连词，表示“”的的意思。如：意思。如：He is tall while his brother is short.当当when,as,while表示表示“在在一段时间一段时间里里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：以换用。如：While(When或或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.1.Did she leave a message

14、before she went home?（）2.She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.（）（2）before，after引导的时间状语从句通常引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，反之表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，反之则用则用.(3)till和和until如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词，通常用肯定式的主句如果主句谓语动词是延续性动词，通常用肯定式的主句 until/till都表示都表示“”，常可互换。如：，常可互换。如：I till(until)he came back.如果主句谓语动词

15、是非延续性动词，则用否定式的主句，如果主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，则用否定式的主句，not.until表示表示“”,有时不用有时不用not,而用其他如而用其他如never,nothing等表示否定的词。如：等表示否定的词。如：I didnt to bed until he came back.放在句首表示强调时一般用放在句首表示强调时一般用until，till不用于句首，也不可用不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。如：于强调句。如：Until he returns,nothing can be done.（4）since引导的时间状语从句，表示引导的时间状语从句，表示“”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成

16、时，从句用一般主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：过去时。如：1.I for this company since I.2.We good friends since we the same football team.（5）as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为主句的动作随即发生，常译为“”。该。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。如：从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。如：1.As soon as he,Ill tell him.2.Ill give it to her as soon as she here.（

17、6）by the time这个词组常用来指到某一时间点这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。如：为止，主句常用完成时态。如：1.By the time he was 12,he to more than 30 countries to get his disease cured.2.By the time you arrived,the lecture ended.(7)whennever,once,each time,every time,the moment,the minute,soon after,shortly afterimmediately,directly,ins

18、tantly,the instant,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan 等都可以作为连词引导时间状语。等都可以作为连词引导时间状语。如：如：1.Whenever she comes,she brings a friend.2.Each time he came,he would call on me.3.You must show him in immediately he comes.4.I recognized him the moment I saw him.讲练结合讲练结合:1.Did you remember to give Mary the

19、 money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.whileB.the moment C.suddenlyD.once2.I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first timeD.by the first time3._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he

20、hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had B BC CC CSum up:1the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan等一些词也可引导一个时间状语从句，相等一些词也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于当于as soon as的意思。如：的意思。如：I didnt wait a moment,but came immediately you called.2一些含有一些含有time的名词短语，如的名词短语，如

21、every time,each time,next time,by the time等，以及等，以及the day,the year,the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。如：等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。如：The day he returned home,his father was already dead.Next time you come,please bring your composition.3.如果如果hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置于句首，句子必置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。如：须用部分倒装结构。如：Hardly had I g

22、ot home when it began to rain.时间状语从句时间状语从句:牛刀小试牛刀小试1.We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when3.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was t

23、he best time for it.A.where B.when C.thatD.until4.Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Before B.when C.that D.until5.He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileA AD DB BB BC C6.The cost of l

24、iving in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while7._ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless8._ I am doing my homework,my mother is cooking.A.Ad B.While C.Before D.U

25、ntil连接词的用法小结 1.while引导的动作必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作同时发生。2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表对照，对比。3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。D DA AB B【小结小结】1.时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when,as,while,before,after,till,until,since,as soon as,by the time,whenerver,once 等引导。等引导。2.时间状语从句还可由一些名词时间状语从句还可由一些名词the moment,the instant,

26、every time等，副词等，副词instantly,directly等连接。等连接。Ill telephone you the instant I know.我一知道就立即给你我一知道就立即给你打打 。Every time I catch a cold,my nose runs.每次我感冒都流每次我感冒都流鼻涕。鼻涕。3.时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。（主将从现）时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。（主将从现）You will get to know when you grow up.你长大后就会你长大后就会了解。了解。when as while before after until

27、(till)since as soon as by the timewhenever/onceevery/each timethe first/last timethe momentthe minuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly(一一就就)hardlywhenscarcelywhenno soonerthan部分部分倒装倒装通常由连词：通常由连词：because,since,as,now that引导。引导。He didnt come because he was ill.2、原因状语从句：、原因状语从句：because：表示表示“因为因为”，直接而明确的原因和理

28、由，直接而明确的原因和理由，表因果关系语气最强。表因果关系语气最强。why提问的句子，一提问的句子，一般都用般都用because回答。回答。注意：注意：because不能和不能和so在同一个句子中出现，表因果关在同一个句子中出现，表因果关系只能二选一。系只能二选一。Since you are here,you must do it.You neednt go with me,as you are busy.As I was afraid,I hid myself.since：表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，“既既然然”，通常放在句首。，通常放在句首。

29、since引导的从句是次要的，引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。重点强调主句的内容。as：as和和since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉而不需用已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉而不需用because加以强调。加以强调。as引导的从句于主句同等重要。引导的从句于主句同等重要。1.Now(that)you are in High School,you will probably spend more in reading.2.Now(that)all the guests have arrived,lets have our

30、 dinner.3.Im going to relax now(that)the school year is over.now(that)：now(that)主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主从关系不明显，从关系不明显，常译为常译为“既然既然”，与，与since意思意思相似。相似。注意：注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不引导，不可用可用as或或since，如：，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.because可以引导表语从句可以引

31、导表语从句,而而as,since不可以，状语一不可以，状语一般都是般都是it,this,that,如：如：Its because he is too lazy.for也表示也表示“因为因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。从句，语气比较强。It must be morning,for the birds are singing.知识拓展：知识拓展：和上述三个从属连词不和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，用同，它是一个并列连词，用来链接并列句。它有时可用来链接并列句。它有时可用来作附加说明，为前面的事来作附加说明，为前面的事实提供一种推断的

32、理由。实提供一种推断的理由。1.We should be more carefore,for it is already dark.天已黑了，我们应更小心些。天已黑了，我们应更小心些。2.Lets stay at home,for its raining hard outside.我们待在家里吧，外面下着大雨。我们待在家里吧，外面下着大雨。becausesinceasfornow(that)considering(that)seeing(that)考虑到鉴于考虑到鉴于鉴于由于既然因为鉴于由于既然因为通常由连词通常由连词where和和wherever引导。如：引导。如：1.Go back whe

33、re you came from.2.Wherever you go,you must write to your parents.3.Where there is a will,there is a way.4.Where there is too much,the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.3、地点状语从句：、地点状语从句：地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化在在where前加上前加上to/in/from(the/any)place(s)等构成等构成to/in/from(th

34、e/any)place(s)where,便可变成定语从句。便可变成定语从句。如：如：1.Just stay where you are and dont move.2.Just stay in the place where you are and dont move.3.You can go anywhere you like.4.You can go to any place where you like.定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句地点地点状语从句状语从句从属连词从属连词where用来修饰句子的谓语用来修饰句子的谓语动词的，用来说明那动词的，用来说明那个动作发生的地点。个动作发生的地

35、点。定语从句关系副词where(前面有一个名词或代词充当先行词)先行词应该是一个表示地点的名词，定语从句用来说明那是一个什么样的地点1.This is the house where I lived two years ago.2.Sit where I can see you.通常由通常由so that,in order that,in case(that),for the purpose that,for fear that,lest等引导：等引导：1.He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.2.She marr

36、ied him so that she might tend and comfort him.3.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.4、目的状语从句：、目的状语从句：在目的状语从句中常常含有在目的状语从句中常常含有may,might,will,would,shall,should,can,could等情态动词。等情态动词。in order that 和和 so thatin order that 常用于正式文体。可置于句首，也可常用于正式文体。可置于句首，也可置于句中；而置于句中；而so that往往置

37、于句中，往往置于句中，so that短语中短语中有时可省略有时可省略that。如：。如：1.I hurried through my work in order that I could be in time for wonderful TV programmes.2.She dresses like an angel so that everyone will notice her.3.Speak louder so(that)the people in the hall can hear you.in order to“为了为了”，后跟不定式，后跟不定式so that“以便以便”，引导目的

38、状语从句，引导目的状语从句目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换当从句主语与主语一致时，可用当从句主语与主语一致时，可用so as to,in order to。1.He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night in order to succeed.2.Well sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.Well sit in the front of the hall so a

39、s to/in order to hear better.【重点难点】【重点难点】1.so that引导的目的状语从句，从句的谓语动词里引导的目的状语从句，从句的谓语动词里有有can,could,may,might等情态动词；等情态动词；2.so that引导的结果状语从句，从句的谓语动词里引导的结果状语从句，从句的谓语动词里则没有。则没有。I hid the book lest(=for fear that)he should see it.【特别提醒】【特别提醒】由由lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句要引导的目的状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由使用虚拟语气，由should动词

40、原形构成。动词原形构成。so that 为使，以便为使，以便 in order that 为了，以便为了，以便 in case(that)假使，万一，如果，以免假使，万一，如果，以免 for the purpose that 为了为了目的目的 lest 唯恐，唯恐，免得免得for fear that 生怕，唯恐，以免生怕，唯恐，以免由由that,so that,sothat.,suchthat.引导：引导：1.It was very cold,so that the river froze.2.The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong

41、 idea of the facts.3.There were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.4.He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.5、结果状语从句：、结果状语从句：so thatso形容词形容词/副词副词+that+从句从句many/few+可数名词的复数可数名词的复数much/little+不可数名词不可数名词形容词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数1.Kathy is so lo

42、vely a girl that we all like to play with her.2.Father worked so hard that we were all worried about him.3.Tom is so kind that they all like to make friends with him.4.Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.5.Theres so little time left that we have to speed up.so.that.引导结果状语从句时

43、，从句如果是否定句，可与引导结果状语从句时，从句如果是否定句，可与too.to.结构互结构互换换:如：如：They were so tired that they couldnt go any farther.=They were too tired to any farther.such thatsucha/an+形容词形容词+可数可数名词单数名词单数+that+从句从句形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词1.Kathy is such a lovely girl that we all like to play with her.2.There were

44、 such difficult questions that none of us could answer them.3.We had such terrible weather that we couldnt finish the work on time.so/such.that.引导结果状语从句时，可把引导结果状语从句时，可把so/such置于句首，置于句首，主句用倒装语序。主句用倒装语序。1.Such was his worry that he couldnt go on with his work.2.So carelessly did he drive that he was n

45、early killed.that /so that so形容词形容词/副词副词+that+从句从句many/few+可数名词的复数可数名词的复数much/little+不可数名词不可数名词形容词形容词+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数sucha/an+形容词形容词+可数可数名词单数名词单数+that+从句从句形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词由由 if（如果）（如果）,unless（除非）（除非）,as long as(=so long as)(只只要要),in case(that)(如果，万一如果，万一)等引导。主句为祈使句、一等引导。主句为祈使句、

46、一般将来时或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。般将来时或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。1.If plastics and rubber are burned,they give off poisonous gases.2.Unless you work hard,you will fail.3.You can go out,as long as(so long as)you promise to be back before eleven.4.In case I forget,please remind me about that.6、条件状语从句：、条件状语从句：注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动

47、词的时态不可用将注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。if 如果如果(1)if时引导条件状语从句中最常用的连词，表示在某时引导条件状语从句中最常用的连词，表示在某种条件下某事可能发生。种条件下某事可能发生。1.If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.2.If you fail in the exam,you will let hime down.(2)如果如果if引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进

48、行，动词要用现在完成时或完成来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或完成进行时，主句通常用将来时。进行时，主句通常用将来时。1.Ill show you how to do it if I have finished th book.知识拓展知识拓展:if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别:(1)if引导条件状语从句，通常考查的内容为引导条件状语从句，通常考查的内容为:主句用一般将来时态，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时表示将来从句用一般现在时表示将来;(2)if引导宾语从句，如果主句是一般现在时引导宾语从句，如果主句是一般现在时,那么宾语从句可根据那么

49、宾语从句可根据时间状语选用各种对应的时态时间状语选用各种对应的时态;如果主句是一般过去时，那么宾语从如果主句是一般过去时，那么宾语从句要用过去的某种时态。句要用过去的某种时态。1.If it doesnt rain,I will go to the cinema tomorrow.2.Do you know if we will go to the zoo next Saturday?3.I think well go if we dont have much homework.主将从现主将从现（宾语从句）你知道我们下周六是否去动物吗？（宾语从句）你知道我们下周六是否去动物吗？unless 除

50、非除非unless相当于相当于if.not.,意为意为“除非，如果不除非，如果不”。1.You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.2.Dont come unless I telephone.3.Unless it rains,the game will be palyed.if（如果）（如果）unless（除非）（除非）,as long as(=so long as)(只要只要),in case(that)(如果，万一如果，万一)由连词由连词as,as if,as though引导：引导：1.The teac