普通地质学(英文)课件.ppt
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1、SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresCross-bedding or Cross-stratificationSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresCross-bedding or Cross-stratificationBeds in which one set is inclined to othersAdvance of delta or dunesCurrent dominated environmentWind or waterSlope of cross-bed can indicates
2、 current or prevailing wind direction SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresCross-bedding or Cross-stratificationTabularorPlanarSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresSole marksSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresFlute castsSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresTool marksSEDIMENTARY
3、 ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresFlame StructuresSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?Load structuresSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?MudcracksSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Wh
4、ich Way is UP?Planar Cross-bedsSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?Trough Cross-bedsSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?Oscillation ripplesSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which
5、Way is UP?Tool marksSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?FossilsSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?FossilsSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESSedimentary StructuresGeopetal Structures or Which Way is UP?Raindrop ImpressionsSED
6、IMENTARY ARCHIVESInterpretation of Sedimentary RocksProvide information about conditions in and near the site of depositionSuch as:source area from compositionamount of transport erosionQtz vs.Feldspar(clay and ironcompounds)vs FerromagnesiansImmature vs matureSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of S
7、edimentary RocksSystems of classification are not hatracks,objectively presented to us by nature.They are dynamic theories developed to express particular views.Stephen Jay GouldSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksSEDIMENTARY
8、ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksTEXTURESEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksQuartz Arenite 90%Quartz Cement:silica calciteSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksFeldspathic AreniteArkose 25%Feldspar G
9、ranitic source Remainder is quartz Cement:clay calcite iron oxidesSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksLithic AreniteGreywacke 33%rock fragments Immature sandstone Poorly sorted,angular Remainder is quartz,feldspar Cement:very little mostly claysSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification o
10、f Sedimentary RocksCompositionCarbonate rocks consist of limestone and dolostone.The minerals present in each are:Limestone Calcite Aragonite Dolostone Dolomite SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksCarbonatesSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksCarbonatesMost of m
11、arine originDirectly or indirectly related to biological processesSkeletal remains may be visibleCan be evaporitesChanges in water temp.,alkalinity,CO2 conc.Clear,shallow tropical watersSEDIMENTARY ARCHIVESClassification of Sedimentary RocksCarbonatesCharacteristics of most marine carbonate environm
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