雅思写作1概括指导课件.ppt

1、NAVIGATION WRITING导航式作文法5.235.51各科均分（中国大陆各科均分（中国大陆A A类考生）类考生）5.535.805.395.47writingreadingspeakinglistening中国考生的雅思考试成绩中国考生的雅思考试成绩Requirements：These are the basic requirements made by Mark.不要翘课不要翘课关注考情关注考情狂背单词狂背单词 每天练习每天练习雅思雅思写写作作T2总论总论分分类类精精讲讲T2四四类类T1分分类类精精讲讲T1分分类类精精讲与总讲与总体考体考试预测试预测5612,3,4Marks wr

2、iting planq课程规划Introduction时间字数题型考查能力分数比重A类G类Task 120mins/15mins150wordsChart(line,pie,bar,flow)Table,mapLetter（complaint,request,apology)客观描述信息和数据1/3Task 240mins/45mins250words议论文说理和论证2/3IELTS WRITINGTask 21、275300 Ws2、先写3、6-8段论段论4、40分钟5、分别提升4个评分标准的得分6、背诵个人的各专题魔版Task 2 超7评分标准1、TR：立场、论点、论据2、CC：连接、句间

3、、段间3、LR：小词、大词、短语4、GRA：句型、搭配、被动（7分是对传统写作的摒弃，对评分点滴的细化，you can！）Task 2 主流分类主流分类 argument 单一 single statement 对立 opposite statement report 问题原因与解决 PRS 问题原因与影响 PRE 真题真题 Successful sportsman can earn a great deal of money than people in other fields.Some people think this is fully justified while others t

4、hink it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.写作流程写作流程 首段写作With the growth of the economy.可以不转述题目观点可以不转述题目观点Personally I am convinced that.（7分捷径）分捷径）First P背景原因背景原因题目观点题目观点个人倾向个人倾向 背景原因背景原因 （鼓励自编）（鼓励自编）As a result of constant media attention,sports professionals in my country

5、have become stars and celebrities,and those at the top are paid huge salaries.Just like movie stars,they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.个人倾向个人倾向 （明确！鼓励背诵）（明确！鼓励背诵）Overall(Upon the whole,By and large,On the whole,As a whole,In the mass,In general),I firmly harbor the perspectiv

6、e that they well deserve the top salaries.(观点）In the following essay,viewpoints supporting both sides,those for and those against,are talked over respectively in order to further assert my position.中间段写作高分模式：连接词+分论点+论证 Initially 分论点分论点1 论证论证2、3句句 MoreoverUltimately分论点分论点2 论证论证2、3句句 分论点分论点3 论证论证2、3句句

7、 真题：真题：In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Do you agree or disagree?连接词正统用法（可换）InitiallyMoreoverFurthermoreBesidesUltimately十大论点文思泉涌！中间段写作高分模式：连接词+分论点+论证 Initially 分论点分论点1 论证论证2、3句句 MoreoverUltimatel

8、y分论点分论点2 论证论证2、3句句 分论点分论点3 论证论证2、3句句 论点 教育论 文化论 环境和能源论经济与就业论 时间与效率论 权利论 健康论空间与安全论心理健康论 论点套句设计 1.。has educational/cultural/economic/moral/psychological/physical meaning (meaning 可换为可换为 importance significance benefits)论点套句设计 2.。is of educational/cultural/economic/moral/psychological/physical meaning

9、(meaning 可换为可换为 importance significance benefits)论点套句设计 3.。is educationally/culturally/economically/morally/psychologically/physically Beneficial.(beneficial 可换为可换为 profitable meaningful significant necessary substantial)论点套句设计 4.。gives a great push/boost/momentum to efficiency(efficiency 可换为可换为 eco

10、nomy 等等)经济与就业 必备词汇：economic growth,employment rateeconomic growth,employment rate E.g.E.g.“是否要戒烟”Pros:promote the economic Pros:promote the economic developmentdevelopment enhance the tax income of a countryenhance the tax income of a country provide the opportunities of employmentprovide the opport

11、unities of employment 时间与效率 必备词汇：timetime，efficiencyefficiency 如“是否限制飞机飞行”Pros:Pros:节省时间，提高效率（time-saving,time-saving,enhance the efficiencyenhance the efficiency）空间与安全 必备词汇：spacespace，safetysafety，securitysecurity 如“是否在社区里建工厂”Cons:Cons:占据空间，社区变得拥堵（occupy the occupy the space,overcrowdedspace,overcr

12、owded）安全隐患（potential safety hazardpotential safety hazard）心理与健康 必备词汇：psychologypsychology，healthhealth，pressurepressure，stressstress，tensiontension，depressiondepression，insomniainsomnia 如“是否要戒烟”Cons:Cons:产生心理依赖（psychologically psychologically dependent on smokingdependent on smoking）如“旧楼是否被现代化楼房代替”C

13、ons:Cons:居民对旧楼有感情（be attached to the be attached to the historical buildingshistorical buildings）生理 必备词汇：physicalphysical，healthhealth 如“是否要戒烟”Cons:be detrimental to health,lead to Cons:be detrimental to health,lead to lung cancerlung cancer 如“手机的优缺点”Cons:have a potential to brain cancerCons:have a

14、potential to brain cancer教育 必备词汇：educationeducation，edificationedification，teachingteaching，schoolingschooling 如“旧楼是否被现代化楼房代替”Cons:Cons:一些旧楼是教育的绝好教材（a text book a text book of teachingof teaching）文化 必备词汇：cultureculture，culturalcultural 如“全球化的优缺点”Pros:Pros:促进文化的交流和传播（the cultural the cultural communi

15、cationcommunication）Cons:Cons:导致文化个性的消失（the extinct of the extinct of cultural identitycultural identity）产生文化的矛盾和冲突（cultural conflictcultural conflict）能源与环境 必备词汇：energyenergy，fuelfuel，environmentenvironment，surroundingssurroundings 如“是否限制使用汽车”Cons:Cons:空气、噪音污染（air pollution and air pollution and noi

16、se contaminationnoise contamination）能源危机（energy crisisenergy crisis）道德 必备词汇：moralmoral，moralitymorality，humanehumane，conscienceconscience 如“是否拿动物做实验”animal testing animal testing 或者“活体解剖 vivisection”vivisection”Cons:Cons:不人道，太残忍（inhumane,cruelinhumane,cruel）权利 必备词汇：rightright，deprive sb.of sthdepriv

17、e sb.of sth，endow sb.with sthendow sb.with sth，enjoyenjoy 如“是否拿动物做实验”Cons:Cons:剥夺动物生存的权利（deprive animals deprive animals of right of livingof right of living）“是否同意news censorship”news censorship”ConsCons：deprive people of right to know deprive people of right to know 35真题真题brainstorming Tourism Tour

18、ism is believed to be a good way is believed to be a good way of improving a governments tax of improving a governments tax income.income.Discuss the advantages and Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exploring this disadvantages of exploring this resourceresource.36 Possible ideas:Possible

19、ideas:ProsPros：经济与就业（对国家和地区政府），心理（对旅游者），生理（对旅游者），文化，教育 Cons:Cons:空间与安全（对个人），文化，环境十大论证大师型格中间段写作高分模式：连接词+分论点+论证 Initially 分论点分论点1 论证论证2、3句句 MoreoverUltimately分论点分论点2 论证论证2、3句句 分论点分论点3 论证论证2、3句句举例 解释 因果 分类 比较对比 让步转折 机构数据 反面论证 历史人物 名人名言(详情参见讲义）举例：1.I can think of no better illustration of this idea than

20、 the fact that in China.2.A vivid case in point is that.3.has great educational benefits,these ranging from knowledge to skill解释：1.Watching TV has great educational benefits,(by which I mean that children could be edified when they choose the programs with quality.)2.Watching TV has great educationa

21、l benefits.To simplify/To put in another way/That is to say,children could be edified when they choose the programs with quality.历史人物Napolon Bonaparte,Oscar Wilde,Albert Einstein,Helen Keller Confucius，Mencius 扯淡！机构数据Sports players top salaries will also create psychological imbalance among the gene

22、ral public,which is firmly testified by a survey condcuted by PKU that 62.33%of the interviewees.反面论证Without you,life would be nothing but void.让步论证Government paying the tuition fees for students in disadvantaged status may offer them much better career prospect.However it must be mentioned that due

23、 to the limited budget,only a small partof student will be granted the privilege.因果原因原因(学术词学术词)句子，句子，not partly because.，but principally because.结果结果(因果链因果链)Carbon dioxide from cars inevitably contributes to global warming,which will further give rise to the rise of sea level,causing the disappearan

24、ce of some low-lying countries.分论点一：（教育原则，两句论证。完美！）Initially,work or travel for a year,definitely,has educational meaning to the young adults,not partly because this is a way for them to expand their horizon,but principally because a break in their study just takes them to the meditation of what lif

25、e is.A case in point is that in China,.分论点二：（健康原则，两句论证。完美！）Moreover,travel itself is of great physical benefit,by which I mean it is a way of fitness training,which is firmly testified by Bacon who harboured the perspective that sprots serves for wellbeing.分论点三：（心理原则，两句论证。完美！）Ultimately,it is univer

26、sally acknowledged that individuals psychological tension or pressure can safely be punctured by even a short excursion,which is shown by survey conducted by PKU that 76.4%of the people choose to travel when they feel depressed.总结：中间段写作高分模式：连接词+分论点+论证 Initially 分论点分论点1 论证论证2、3句句 MoreoverUltimately分论

27、点分论点2 论证论证2、3句句 分论点分论点3 论证论证2、3句句末段写作末段写作范例In brief(In a word,All in all,In conclusion,In short,In summary,In recapitulation,To sum up,To conclude,To recapitulate,),without suggesting that all work or travel for a year is necessarily good，it is my perspective that we should accept it as positive and

28、 it is high time that we took proper and prompt actions to advocate it.今日作业今日作业给以下三句分论点各两句论证：To begin with,it is manifest that To begin with,it is manifest that doing sports is of physical doing sports is of physical benefit,.benefit,.（名言，个人例子）（名言，个人例子）Then,sporting serves as a way of Then,sporting

29、serves as a way of pressue-releasing,.pressue-releasing,.（原因，解释）（原因，解释）Next,sensible excercise may Next,sensible excercise may well stimulate fitness industry,.well stimulate fitness industry,.（机构数据）（机构数据）Task 1 评分标准1、TA：要点描述（最）、比较/联系2、CC：连接、句间、灵活3、LR：大词、小词、词性替换4、GR：间接、搭配、被动、客观 GA：找死句、双谓语、无厘头小作文分类1、饼状图2、柱状图3、表格4、直线图、曲线图5、地图6、流程图7、示意图