雅思写作-论述类题目的写作课件.ppt

1、雅思写作论述类题目的写作By Jimmy Xu论述类题目?当题目中出现了：Discuss both views and give your own opinion.即为论述类题目论述类题目?段落结构：开头段开头段：给出个人立场（支持一方或者支持双方都可以）主体段主体段1：正方的看法主体段主体段2：反方的看法主体段主体段3：自己的看法结尾段结尾段（可省略）：总结自己的看法，也可总结双方立场与观点类题目的区别观点类题目可以完全支持或者完全反对论述类题目不可以观点类题目的主题段落可能是两反一正，或者两正一反论述类题目的主体段落必定是一正一反?特点解析-1?论述类题目的前两段主体段，一定要说明持有不同

2、看法的人为什么是对的，不能质疑它们。第1，2个主体段是在引述观点，需要讲到它们各自的合理性质疑它们会造成文章结构以及论述的混乱如果不同意，在第三个主体段里表达即可?特点解析-2?论述类题目的中心句会经常出现一些字眼:譬如some people argue that，it is sometimes argued that等。因为这些表达不是在写自己的立场，而是在引述别人的看法?特点解析-3?特点3.论述类题目的中心句不需要写得很肯定?在论述类文章主体部分的第一段和第二段，在引述别人的看法时，要经常写一些may，might，are likely to，sometimes，in some cases

3、，can be这样不确定的表达尽量不要用should,must,certainly,definitely,clearly等比较肯定的表达，因为这不是你最后的立场，你只是在引述观点?特点解析-4?论述类题目讨论你自己看法的主体段(也就是主体段第三段)可以作为结尾段因为论述类题目的问法是discuss both views arid give your own opinion也就意味着既然你在主体部分第三段给出个人的看法，那么这一段当然可以作为结尾段?论述类题目?例题Some people say job satisfaction is more important than job securi

4、ty;others think people cannot always enjoy their jobs.So having a permanent job is more important.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.论述类题目?段落结构：五段式论证方式：全面型开头段:背景引入，观点改写+自己的立场主体段1:稳定工作的好处主体段2:工作满意放在首要位置的好处主体段3:作者的立场结尾段:再次申明自己的立场Job范文赏析-开头段It is true that seeking for a decent job is not as e

5、asy as decades ago due to the economic recession and competitive job market.Although some may argue that a sense of satisfaction towards their jobs is crucial,personally,I believe that a permanent job is more meaningful.Job范文赏析-主体段1On the one hand,a permanent job can guarantee to meetemployees basic

6、 needs.This is because almost no one can escape from the reality.Everyday,we are facing with a variety of expenses,such as food,shelter,transport,bill and even education tuition for children.With a relatively stable job,people,especially those in middle aged can cover most expenses.In addition,those

7、 who stay in the same company or institute are more likely to get a promotion as they show the loyalty towards their company.However,those who change their jobs frequently may meet unintended outcomes.For example,they may find difficult to support themselves and raise their family members.Job范文赏析-主体

8、段2On the other hand,those advocates for pursuing a job they love might regard job satisfaction as the priority when finding an employment.They believe only working with friendly colleagues and employers and under a flexible working time schedule,can they fulfill their potential and accomplish all ta

9、sks well.However,this idea is unrealistic.For example,dozens of young graduates have the bitter result because of their immature thought,that is unemployment.Job范文赏析-主体段3In my opinion,there is no perfect job in the world.The only thing we can do is to find a suitable job rather than a perfect one.Th

10、ere is a 10,000 hours theory in psychology that people who devote themselves to jobs and spend more than 10,000 hours constantly can become experts in that field.This theory tells us a plain fact that no onecan achieve a sense of job satisfaction without years of efforts and persistence.Job范文赏析-结尾段I

11、n conclusion,people having a constant job are more likely to have a promising job career and wellbeing.课堂练习-1?请给以下题目写出提纲There is an increasing number of advertising directed at children which encourages them to buy goods such as toys and snacks.Many parents are worried that these advertisements may

12、be harmful to children.However,some companies claim that their advertising provides children with useful information.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.思路构建?考试时需要在5分钟内进行构思，理清思路，找出两个或三个贴切、有说服力、相互独立的论据。思路构建?大作文题目包罗万象，例如环境类题目和文化类题目所包含的重要因素就有很大的不同，要用一种套路去应对所有的写作题目，几乎是不可能的。三种方法?大作文话题构思的三种突破方法：1

13、.以人为本法2.具体分类法3.核心词汇法1.以人为本法?人的需求人的需求有哪些?身体上(健康)VS 心理上(安全，求知，自信，被尊重等)物质上(生活需求离不开经济基础)VS 精神上(文化娱乐)1.以人为本法?1)More young people in the workforce change their jobs or careers every few years.What are the reasons for this?Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?1.以人为本法?比如说，年轻人为什么要换工作：1).身体上身体上：建筑/销售工

14、作2).心理上：不被领导尊重心理上：不被领导尊重/客户同事认可客户同事认可3).物质上物质上：不谈薪资的老板都在耍流氓4).精神上精神上(最高层面)：我在故宫修文物1.以人为本法?2)Some people believe that time spent on television,video and computer games can be beneficial to children.Others believe this has negative effects on children.Discuss both views and give your opinion.1.以人为本法?身

15、体上身体上，玩电子游戏和看电视太久会对健康有伤害(视力，颈椎，肥胖等)心理上心理上，不良的节目和游戏内容会对孩子的心理发展有害(电视里的色情，暴力等)2、具体分类法?有些作文题目很宽泛，看完题目后可思考为：it depends.一些具体情况下我支持正方;另一些情况下我支持反方。2、具体分类法?1)People can work or study on the internet without going to school or company.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?2、具体分类法?具体来看，利弊都可以写：好处好处：节约通勤时

16、间，避免堵车，不受复杂人事的干扰，不受规章制度的限制和拘束。坏处：交际能力下降，缺乏沟通能力。人会变得冷漠，不了解外界的实际情况，与社会脱节2、具体分类法?2)Many people use distance-learning program(study material post,TV,internet.etc)to study at home.But some people think that it cannot bring the same benefits of attending college.To what extent do you agree or disagree?2、具

17、体分类法?数学，地理等学科适合远程教学远程教学;市场营销，人力资源等管理学科目需要强调人际交往能力和需要小组讨论或者头脑风暴，那么他们更需要传统的课课堂教学堂教学。3.核心词汇法?有些题目中涉及的因素较多，各因素间关系复杂，可抽出题目中的核心词汇，思考它们各自的本质特点，来获得众多的思路或者论据。3.核心词汇法?Some people think success of life is based on hard work and determination,but others think there are more important factors,like money and pers

18、onal appearance.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.3.核心词汇法?这道题目有四个核心词汇都要讨论到，hard work and determination/money and personal appearance。生活的成功是建立建立在这四个基础之上基础之上要说先有hard work and determination,然后才会成功，如一个人首先要学习或工作努力，才能成功。3.核心词汇法?学英语学英语运动员运动员条思路线索12STREEC记忆方法12条线索的好处?覆盖到了社会生活里的几乎所有常见方面具体化抽象的，难以理解

19、的话题顺藤摸瓜，避免头脑风暴时的随机性和或然性例1?人类在过去100年里，取得了重要进步的领域，有：1.科技（industrial technology,telecommunications technology,transport technology）效率（work more efficiently,more convenient）健康（medical advances,improvements in healthcare services,diseases that were incurable a century ago can be cured）乐趣（have more entert

20、ainment choices）2.3.4.?1.2.3.4.5.人类仍然存在着严重问题的方面有：安全（rising crime rates,higher youth crime rates）环境（global warming,air pollution）健康（higher stress level,lack exercise,the increasing rates of heart disease and high blood pressure）财务（the growing gap between rich and poor）文化（traditions and customs are di

21、sappearing）例2例2对每种犯罪都固定量刑的好处有：1.效率（improve the efficiency of the court process）2.安全（deter criminals）3.财务（reduce the cost of lawsuits）例2考虑犯罪者的处境和动机的好处则有：1.权利（respect the civil rights of the criminals）2.责任（more responsible,more convincing）更简化：最近10年里全部真题的最常用10条理由总结?雅思作文不需要中式写作的深刻思想，高深意境我们需要用清晰切题的分论点，以及逻辑的充分论证，同时要用多样准确的语法词汇雅思作文如此，何愁不得高分？大作文写作流程?1.读三遍题?2.划出关键词?3.通过三种方式和12条线索构思思路?4.写提纲，提纲包括：观点，分论点，论据?5.33分钟写作?6.2分钟检查课堂练习-2