词汇学-后缀及后缀构词课件.ppt

1、Week 3 SANDY Outline 1.Suffixes1.Noun Suffixes2.Adjective Suffixes3.Verb Suffixes4.Adverbs Suffixes2.后缀的拓展形式3.派生词的构成类型 Cooperative competition.Competitive cooperation.Confused?Airline alliances have travelers scratching their heads over what s going on in the skies.Some folks view alliances as a ble

2、ssing to travelers,offering seamless travel,reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits.Others see a conspiracy of big business,causing decreased competition,increased fares and fewer choices.Whatever your opinion,theres no escaping airline alliances:the marketing hype is unrelenting,with eac

3、h of the two mega-groupings.Noun Suffixes1.De-nominal Noun Suffixes2.De-verbal Noun Suffixes3.De-adjective Noun Suffixes4.Noun and Adjective SuffixesDe-nominal Noun Suffixes(1)gamegangsongsterInvolved inDe-nominal Noun Suffixes(2)profitmountainauctioneerSkilled in；engaged inprofitmountainauctionDe-n

4、ominal Noun Suffixes(3)spoonhandmouthfulDe-verbal Noun Suffixes(1)inhabitcontestinformantOccupation and participation;De-verbal Noun Suffixes(2)bathepaintbuildingDe-adjective Noun Suffixes(1)selfishusefulkindnessDe-adjective Noun Suffixes(2)rapidcrudeoddityNoun and Adjective Suffixes Some suffixes,w

5、hen added to morphmes related to human beings or nationality names,yield words that can be used both as nouns and adjectives.-ese:Chinese;Lebanese;officialese-an,-ian:Australian,Cambodian-ist:racist,socialist-ite:Chomskyite,Thatcherite1、表示人和动作者的名词后缀；后缀举例-aincaptain船长/villain 坏人,恶棍-airemillionaire 百万

6、富翁/billionaire 亿万富翁-an/-eseGerman 德国人/Chinese 中国人(用以表示种族或籍贯)-ant/-entapplicant 申请人/component 组成要素-arysecretary 秘书,书记-eeemployee 雇员/nominee 被提名者(表示动作的承受者或受影响者)-eerengineer 工程师/pioneer 拓荒者,先锋(表示从事的人)一、名词后缀一、名词后缀后缀举例-ercontainer 容器/worker-ordictator 独裁者/visitor-arburglar 窃盗-ierpremier 首相,总理-essactress

7、女演员/empress 女皇帝/hostess 女主人(表示女性)-icianelectrician 电气技师/musician 音乐家(表示“精通之人,能手”的意思多加於以-ic 或-y 结尾的名词上)-isttypist 打字员/scientist-man/-smanchairman 主席/statesman 政治家-onchampion 冠军,斗士/companion 同伴-sterminister 大臣,牧师/gangster 强盗集团分子-ivenative 土著,本地人/captive 俘虏 表示抽象名词后缀；后缀举例-acegrimace 痛苦表情/solace 安慰,慰藉-ad

8、edecade 十年/blockade 封锁-ageshrinkage 缩小,减少/passage 通过,通道(表示结果或总称)-alproposal 提议,求婚/approval同意-ance/-ancyforbearance 节制/constancy 不变(表示性质或动作)-ence/-encyresilience 弹性/tendency 倾向(表示性质或动作)-cyintimacy 亲近,交情/advocacy 提倡,鼓吹(多加於以-ate或-t结尾的名词,动词,形容词上)-domfreedom 自由/wisdom 智慧-hoodchildhood 幼年时期/likelihood 希望,

9、可能(表示年纪,状况,亲属关系)后缀举例-ic/icslogic 逻辑/magic 魔术,魔力/physics 物理学(表示学术,技术)-ice/isecaprice 善变/treatise 论述,论文-ingageing 上年纪/clothing 衣服(表示总称或具体意义)-ionopinion 意见/assertion 主张,断言(以-sion/-tion/-ation三种形态最为常见)-ismcriticism 批评/exoticism异国情趣/communism共产主义(表示制度,主义,行为,状态)-itudeaptitude 适当性,倾向/fortitude 不屈不挠-itybrev

10、ity 简短/curiosity 好奇心-mentinstrument 仪器/fulfillment 实践,达成-monyharmony和谐/ceremony仪式/testimony证言,宣誓-nessfriendliness 友好/adhesiveness 黏性-rybravery 英勇/treasury 宝藏,国库-o(u)rbehavio(u)r 行为/endeavo(u)r 努力,尽力 后缀举例-arydictionary 字典/vocabulary 字汇(表示集合体)-ary/-orydispensary 药局/factory 工厂(表示处所)-fulhandful 一把,少数/mo

11、nthful 一口,少量(表示流满”,一.之量的意思)-merpolymer 聚合体/dimer 二量体(表示部分的意义)-ologybiology 生物学/ecology 生态学(表示学科)Adjective Suffixes1.De-nominal Adjective Suffixes2.De-verbal Adjective SuffixesDe-nominal Adjective SuffixeschildtigerstatesmanlikeDe-nominal Adjective Suffixes(2)childspeechhopelessDe-nominal Adjective S

12、uffixes(3)meatleafhairwatersilkyDe-verbal Adjective Suffixes(1)De-verbal Adjective Suffixes(1)drinkchangeconvinceable(ible)drinkchangeconvinceDe-verbal Adjective Suffixes(2)forgethopethankful二、形容词后缀二、形容词后缀-able/-iblecomparable 比得上的/explicable 可解释的/audible 可听见的(表示能的意思)-alequal 平等的/partial 部分-ant/-ent

13、radiant 发光的/diligent 用心的-arfamiliar 熟悉的/spectacular 壮观的-ateornate 装饰华丽的/cognate 同族的-ary/-oryarbitrary 独断的/compulsory 强制的后缀举例-edaged 年老的/sophisticated 复杂的-engolden 金制,金色的/earthen 土,土制的-erneastern 东方的/northern 北方的(表方位)-fulregretful 惋惜的/fruitful 有利的(表充满的)-ic/icalelectric电子的/economical节约的/symbolical象征性的

14、-ilefacile 容易的/hostile 敌视的(表易于的意思)-inedivine 神圣,庄严的/genuine 真正的-ingpressing 紧迫,切实的/agonizing 烦恼,苦闷的-iorinterior 内部的/superior 上好的-iqueunique 独特的/antique 古代的(表风格的)-ishselfish 自私的/childish 孩子气的-ivemassive 巨大,厚重的/deductive 推论,演绎的-lessaimless 漫无目的的/groundless 无根据的-iteinfinite 无限的/opposite 相对的 favorite最喜爱

15、的后缀举例-likechildlike 孩子似的/womanlike 女人似的-lyearthly 地球的/leisurely 从容的-mostforemost 第一流的/utmost 最大限度的-ousadvantageous 有益的/vigorous 精力充沛的-proofwaterproof 防水的/foolproof 万无一失的(防的)-somewearisome 使疲倦的/handsome帅的 troublesome-wardbackward 向后,落后的/awkward 笨拙的-yfoggy 朦胧的/icy 如冰,极冷的 Verb Suffixes(1)amplediversesi

16、mple-ifymake,endow withVerb Suffixes(2)popularlegalhospitalizeVerb Suffixes(3)validoriginhydrogenateGive or make or become三、动词后缀三、动词后缀-ateaccumulate 累积,聚积/alternate 交互,交替-uteattribute 归因/persecute 迫害,困扰-enlengthen 加长,延长/worsen 变化,恶化-esceevanesce 消散/convalesce渐渐康复(动作开始)-ify/efynullify 使无效,取消/liquefy

17、溶解,液化-erflutter 飘动,飘飞/glitter 闪烁(表示反复动作)-ishcherish 珍爱/diminish 减少,缩小-ize/-ise atronize赞助,惠顾/summarize摘要,概述/analyze分析-lestartle 吃惊,惊吓/trickle 细流/dazzle 使眩眼 Adverb Suffixes(1)attentivehappyboldlyAdverb Suffixes(1)Adverb Suffixes(2)onbackearthhomeward(s)四、副词后缀四、副词后缀-foldhundredfold 百倍地/trousandfold千倍地

18、(表倍数)-lyroughly 约略地/absolutely 绝对-ward/-wardssouthward 向南地/inward 向内地/afterwards其后(表示方向)-way/-waysanyway 无论如何/sideways 斜地里/endways 笔直地(表示方向或位置)-wiseotherwise 不然的话/crosswise 交叉地 1-ous:dangerous,poisonous2-eous:righteous,gaseous3-ious:laborious,contradictious4-aceous:herbaceous,rosaceous5-acious:rapac

19、ious,sagacious6-aneous:contemporaneous,simultaneous7-itious:suppositious,cementitious8-uous:contemptuous,sensuous9-ulous:globulous,acidulous -ous型后缀及其扩展形式1-ic:atomic,periodic2-tic:Asiatic,dramatic3-fic(-ific):pacific,honorific4-atic:systematic,idiomatic5-etic:sympathetic,energetic6-istic:coloristic,

20、humoristic-ic型后缀及其扩展形式Word Formation of Derivatives1.prefix+root pro+pel 2.root+suffixport+-able 3.prefix+root+suffixim+mort+al4.prefix+prefix+rootre+ex+port 5.root +suffix+suffixcord+-ial+-ly6.prefix+root+roottri-+gon(o)+metry7.prefix+prefix+root+suffix+suffixun+pre-+ced+-ent+-edExercise 1.Hospital2.President3.Orient4.Advise5.Report6.Advertise7.Insect1.Immediate2.Conspire3.Conference4.Intervention5.Salary6.Minister