虚拟语气的用法课件.ppt

1、To learn to identify an unreal To learn to identify an unreal conditional in a sentenceconditional in a sentenceTo learn the forms of unreal To learn the forms of unreal conditionalsconditionalsTo learn when to use the unreal To learn when to use the unreal conditionalsconditionalsTo learn how to us

2、e the unreal To learn how to use the unreal conditionalsconditionals语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Unreal conditionals虚拟语气虚拟语气And you probably much sleep if you near where a wedding r

3、eception was being held.如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远，你如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远，你很可能睡不好。很可能睡不好。wouldnt getwouldnt getlivedlivedUnreal conditionalsUnreal conditionalsRead the points and examples on Read the points and examples on Pages 40-41 carefully to get a Pages 40-41 carefully to get a general idea of unreal conditional

4、s.general idea of unreal conditionals.Please pay attention to the Please pay attention to the following following notesnotes.英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、语气、虚拟语气虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词事实相反。虚拟语气通过

5、谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。的特殊形式来表示。1)If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.(事实上我不知道事实上我不知道)2)If I were you,I would take an umbrella.(事实上我不可能是你事实上我不可能是你)3)If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.(事实上地球上即有空气又有水事实上地球上即有空气又有水)我们用虚拟语气陈述我们用虚拟语气陈述现在现在不真实或想象的情景。不真实或想象的情景。Note

6、sNotesWe form unrealWe form unreal presentpresent conditionals like this:conditionals like this:If was/were/did,should/would/could/might do 1.假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。If I If I had had more time now,I more time now,I would studywould study German.German.2.要是我象你一样年轻，我就会找时间锻炼。要是我象你一样年轻，

7、我就会找时间锻炼。If I If I were/was were/was young as youyoung as you,I,I would find would find timetime to exercise.to exercise.1)would,could and might are often interchangeable(可互换的可互换的),but with some difference in meaning.would intention;planwould intention;plancould ability;possibilitycould ability;poss

8、ibilitymight probabilitymight probability2)In written English or in formal situation,2)In written English or in formal situation,we usually use we usually use werewere in in If-clausesIf-clauses in in place of place of waswas.However,in everyday.However,in everyday conversation,conversation,waswas i

9、s often used.is often used.TIP1)If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.(事实上我去晚了事实上我去晚了)2)If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.(事实上没有听事实上没有听)我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去过去的动作。的动作。NotesNotes3)If you had rung me yesterday,I would have told you what we were

10、 going to do yesterday evening.(事实上没有打电话事实上没有打电话)We form unrealWe form unreal past past conditionals like this:conditionals like this:If had been/done,would/should/could/might have done 1)如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。If he If he had hurriedhad hurried,he,he could have caughtcould have caugh

11、t the train.the train.2)如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。If you If you had toldhad told him yesterday,he him yesterday,he might might have made have made some suggestions.some suggestions.1)If I 1)If I hadhad time tomorrow,I time tomorrow,I wouldwould certainly certainly helphelp you.you.2)If I

12、 2)If I were to failwere to fail my Maths my Maths test,I test,I would would have have to take it again at the end of the term.to take it again at the end of the term.3)If he 3)If he should comeshould come tomorrow,I tomorrow,I wouldwould talk talk to him about it.to him about it.我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在我们用虚

13、拟语气表示想象中发生在将来将来的情景。的情景。NotesNotes4)If there4)If there werewere a heavy snow next Sunday,a heavy snow next Sunday,we we wouldwould not not gogo skating.skating.We form unrealWe form unreal future future conditionals like this:conditionals like this:If was/were/did/should/were to,should/would/could/mi

14、ght do 1)假如我要出国，我就会去法国。假如我要出国，我就会去法国。If I If I were towere to go abroad,I go abroad,I would gowould go to France.to France.2)万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。If it If it should rainshould rain tomorrow,our picnic tomorrow,our picnic would be put offwould be put off.We can also putWe can also put shou

15、ld should,werewere and and hadhad at the at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence.beginning of an unreal conditional sentence.In this case,In this case,if if is not needed any more.is not needed any more.1)1)If you If you shouldshould make a mistake,you make a mistake,you should not be emb

16、arrassed.should not be embarrassed.ShouldShould you you makemake a mistake,you a mistake,you should not be embarrassed.should not be embarrassed.TIP2)If you 2)If you had toldhad told me earlier,I would me earlier,I would not have this problem now.not have this problem now.HadHad you you told told me

17、 earlier,I would me earlier,I would not have this problem now.not have this problem now.3)If you 3)If you were to takewere to take the train,you the train,you would be there much sooner.would be there much sooner.WereWere you you to taketo take the train,you the train,you would be there much sooner.

18、would be there much sooner.TIPWe can also use We can also use could+the could+the present perfectpresent perfect in in if if clauses for clauses for unreal conditionals.unreal conditionals.If I If I could have toldcould have told you about you about cultural differences between Italy cultural differ

19、ences between Italy and the UK,I and the UK,I would havewould have.1)从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句 的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实 不符。不符。2)从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句 的动作与过去事实不符。的动作与过去事实不符。有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。式应作相应的调整。Eg.If

20、I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。也会成为一个工程师了。If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。就不会来这里了。Eg.If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派

21、他去北京了。去北京了。If he knew her,he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。了。Reflection timeReflection timeFill in the table.Fill in the table.TenseIf-clausesMain clausesPresent PastFutureIfwas/Ifwas/were/didwere/didwould/should/would/should/could/might docould/might doIfhad/Ifhad/been/

22、donebeen/donewould/should/couldwould/should/couldmight have donemight have doneIfwas/were/Ifwas/were/did/were to/did/were to/should doshould dowould/should/would/should/could/might docould/might do请点击请点击1.I _through that bitter period without your generous help.(陕西陕西)A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C

23、.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone2.They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(全国全国)A.will B.can C.must D.should3.Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.(北京北京)A.werent B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been 4.Maybe if I _ science,a

24、nd not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.(北京北京)A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying1.Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade(消防队消防队).A.A.will be destroyed will be destroyed B.will have been destroyed B.will have been destroyed C.would be destroyed C.w

25、ould be destroyed D.would have been destroyedD.would have been destroyed Quiz I:Multiple choice.Quiz I:Multiple choice.2.The business is risky.But _,2.The business is risky.But _,we would be rich.we would be rich.A.should we succeed A.should we succeed B.we should succeed B.we should succeed C.might

26、 we succeed C.might we succeed D.would we succeed D.would we succeed3.What would have happened,_,3.What would have happened,_,as far as the river bank?as far as the river bank?A.Bob had walked farther A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther B.if Bob should walk farther C.had Bob walked

27、 farther C.had Bob walked farther D.if Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked farther4.4.I _ you some money,but I hadntI _ you some money,but I hadnt got any on me then.got any on me then.A.would lend B.would have lent A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lentC.could lend D.may have len

28、t5._ today,he would get there by 5._ today,he would get there by Friday.Friday.A.Was he leaving B.If he leaves A.Was he leaving B.If he leaves C.Were he to leave D.If he is leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he is leaving6.Supposing this ship _,do you think 6.Supposing this ship _,do you think there wo

29、uld be enough life jackets for there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?all the passengers?A.A.were to sink B.has sunk were to sink B.has sunk C.was sinking D.sunkC.was sinking D.sunk7.I dont think hell attend the party,and 7.I dont think hell attend the party,and _ he attend it,wha

30、t would he wear?_ he attend it,what would he wear?A.were B.had C.did D.should A.were B.had C.did D.should 8.8.You can ask your brother for help.You can ask your brother for help.He isnt at home.If he _,I _.He isnt at home.If he _,I _.A.A.were,would B.is,would were,would B.is,would C.is,will D.were,w

31、illC.is,will D.were,will9.9.Are you thinking about going to Are you thinking about going to Hangzhou Hangzhou for the vacation?for the vacation?No,but if I _ time,I _ very No,but if I _ time,I _ very glad to go there.glad to go there.A.have,will be A.have,will be B.had had,would have been B.had had,

32、would have been C.had,would be D.had had,would beC.had,would be D.had had,would be10.10.Sally finally got here from Chicago.Sally finally got here from Chicago.If she _ earlier,we _ her to If she _ earlier,we _ her to the party then.the party then.A.A.came,would take came,would take B.had come,would

33、 have taken B.had come,would have taken C.comes,will take C.comes,will take D.had come,would take D.had come,would take1.要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话要是你准备功课再仔细一点的话,你就能你就能通过考试了。通过考试了。If you had prepared your lessons more carefully,you could have passed the exam.2.要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话要是那场飓风发生在晚上的话,将会有更将会有更多的人死亡。多的人死亡。If t

34、hat hurricane had happened at night,there would have been more deaths.Quiz II:Translation.Quiz II:Translation.3.It is essential that _ _(每个人都为紧每个人都为紧 急情况做好准备急情况做好准备).4._ _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),we would have had quite a comfortable journey.5.I might have made the speech _ _(要不是有人把我的话要不是有人把我的

35、话 打断了打断了).everyone(should)be everyone(should)be prepared for emergencyprepared for emergencyIf he had booked tickets in the way I told If he had booked tickets in the way I told himhim if I had not if I had not been interruptedbeen interrupted1.1.You didnt let me drive.If we You didnt let me drive.I

36、f we _(_(drivedrive)in turn,you )in turn,you _(_(not getnot get)so tired.)so tired.2._ it _(2._ it _(not benot be)for)for your help,I couldnt have made any your help,I couldnt have made any progress.progress.had drivenhad drivenwouldnt have gotwouldnt have gotHadHadnot beennot beenQuiz III:Fill in t

37、he blanks with the verbs Quiz III:Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their given in the brackets in their proper forms.proper forms.3.3.Has Mr Has Mr Smith recovered now?Smith recovered now?Yes.Who _ Yes.Who _ (thinkthink)that such a serious illness)that such a serious illnes

38、s could be cured?could be cured?4._ it _(4._ it _(rainrain)tomorrow,the match would be called tomorrow,the match would be called off.off.would have thoughtwould have thoughtWere/ShouldWere/Shouldto rain/rainto rain/rain5.Most of the students felt rather 5.Most of the students felt rather disappointe

39、d at the English party.disappointed at the English party.They said that it _ They said that it _ _(_(organizeorganize)better.)better.6.Jean doesnt want to work right 6.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she away because she thinks that if she _ _ (getget)a job,she probabl

40、y wouldnt)a job,she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very be able to see her friends very often.often.could have beencould have been/should get/got/should get/gotwere to getwere to getorganizedorganized7.Much labour7.Much labour would have been would have been saved if electronic computer

41、 saved if electronic computer _(_(inventinvent)before.)before.8.Well done,Jack！Thanks.But given more time,I _ (do)it better.had been inventedhad been inventedcould/would/might have donecould/would/might have doneMagic Magic LanternLanternMagic Magic BrushBrushTime MachineTime MachineDiscussion:Discussion:What would you do if you had a What would you do if you had a?