英语拆译法改2课件.ppt
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1、THE NINETH TEAMDIVISION拆译法2013-05-21Contents And MembersBrief Introduction姚渤潮姚渤潮PART 1.Picking Out of Words沈峰PART 2.Picking Out of Phrases朱登杰PART 3.Splitting of Compound Sentence刘巍PART 4.Splitting of Complex Sentence陈风PART 5.Splitting of the Whole Sentence赵阳阳、李状Summary韩佩芳拆译法拆译法 英译汉时,如果应用语法分析和逻辑判断的手段
2、,对英语语篇加以分析拆解,就能使译文更加体现汉语“意合”的特点。我们称这种化整为零的处理方法为“拆译法”(division)。PART 1.Picking Out of Words 拆译单词是指将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来,另作处理,这种方法常常引起句式上的调整。拆词主要拆的是名词,动词,形容词等Examples:At present,people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.包含两层含义:“目前人们都有一种不偏不倚的态度”和“因为它安全”现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它
3、安全,不招风险.(名词)The town boasts a beautiful lake.包含两层含义:“美丽的湖”和“自夸”镇上有个美丽的湖,人人以此为豪。(动词)He shall be glad of your company on the journey.包含了两层意思:“他高兴”和“你陪他一块儿去”如果你能陪他一块去,他会很高兴的。形容词glad被拆分出来 She had a sound feeling that idiom was backbone of a language and she was all for the racy phrases.包含三层意思:“她的想法完全正确”
4、和“习语语言的支柱”和“她主张用生动的语言”。她感到习语是语言的支柱,因此特别主张用生动的短语,她的想法是完全正确的。形容词sound被拆分出来 They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.包含两层意思:“他们根本没有答复”和“不足为奇的”。他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。副词surprisingly被拆分出来Exercises:We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic gr
5、owth.我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这是可以理解的,也是必要的。(副词)拆译短语是把短语从句子的主干中拆分出来,或变成短句,或变成独立句等。名词短语,介词短语,分词短语都可以拆译成分句。PART 2.Picking Out of Phrases Invitingly green Angel Island,once a military installation,contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a days excursion.迷人的天使岛郁郁葱葱,小径蜿蜒,是一日游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是
6、一个军事基地。(名词短语拆译)Several blocks from the park,running parallel to it,Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有几十家少数民族餐馆,热闹得如同第二个唐人街。(介词短语拆译)But we have a lot of small,very disruptive day-in-and-day-out problems on the factory floor,one in
7、dustrialist said.(P149下面)一位实业家说:“在工厂办公楼里,我们面临许多很小但破坏性却很大的问题,它们日复一日,无休无止的发生。Exercises:She had such kindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generous heart of her own.她心地善良,待人和气,性格温柔,举止高雅,为人大方。The power increased with their number.他们人数增多了,力量也随之增强。PART 3.Splitting of Compound Sentence(一)并列句的概念 1.定义:两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连
8、词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句。2.基本结构:简单句+并列连词+简单句 3.并列连词:and,but,or,so等。4.分句关系:并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。(二)并列句的类型 根据并列连词的不同可分为4类 1.顺承关系:由and,both.and,as well as,not only.but(also),neither.nor等连接。2.转折关系:由but,however(然而),while(然而),still,yet等连接。3.选择关系:由or,either.or.,not.but.,or else(否则)连接。4.因果关
9、系:由for,so/so that,therefore(因此),because等连接。1.拆译顺承关系并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词and(和),not only.but also.(不但而且)等来连接,这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系,and一般不译出来。His reputation is his own and it ought not be placed in the hands of anyone with power to destroy it,either by neglect or otherwise.荣誉是他个人的,既不应置于任何掌权者手中任由其去破坏,也不应被忽视或其他怎样。
10、(and不必译出)2.拆译转折关系并列句 这类并列句常用but(但是;可是),yet(可是;然而),while(而)等来连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries,but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.从书店和图书馆里带一些书回来是轻而易举的。然而学以致用却绝非易事。(将表转折的并列分句
11、拆译为一个句子)3.拆译选择关系并列句 这 类 并 列 句 常 用 并 列 连 词 o r(或 者),either or (要么,要么)等连接。Items like bread,milk and meat were either unavailable or could be obtained only on the black market.像面包、牛奶和肉这样的食品要么没有,要么只有从黑市才能买到。4.拆译因果关系并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词so(因此;所以),for(因为)等连接,后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。A conflict between the generationsbe
12、tween youth and ageseems the most stupid of all conflicts,for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be,or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.一代人与另一代人之间的冲突,也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突,似乎是最愚蠢的。因为这就是现在与将来的自己,或者是过去与现在的自己之间的冲突。(将表原因的并列分句拆译为一个句子)PART 4.Splitting of Complex Sentence 复
13、合句(复合句(Complex Sentence),),是指含有两个或者更多的主谓结构的句子,其中一个主谓结构充当句子的某一成分,如主语、宾语、表语、状语、同位语等。从句,虽然能表达完整意思,但是它却是作为另一个句子(主句)的某成分而存在。复合句复合句主从复合句并列复合句定语从句状语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Translation Skills And Methods:基本原则:基本原则:把主句和从句拆分出来,找出主干部分和修饰部分。Signal Words:1.连词:连词:and,or,but,yet,for等并列连词;when,as,since,until,before
14、,after,where,because,though,although,so that等连接词连接状语从句。2.关系词:关系词:连接名词性从句的who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词。连接定语从句的who,which,that,whom,whose等关系代词。3.介词:介词:on,in,with,at,of,to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语,它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。4.不定式符号不定式符号to:不定式常常构成不定式短语作定语或状语修饰语,可以是拆分点。5.分词:分词:过去分词和
15、现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语,可以是拆分点。6.标点符号:标点符号:标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分,也是一个明显的拆分点。Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.(Para.4,P3)那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证。Examples:It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most,who have been forced to content with shocks th
16、ey never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives,may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for the good life.(Para.5,P4)事实证明,一些遭受苦难最多的人或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历最有发言权。他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击,并重新思考他们生活的意义。哲学家们过去称这种
17、人生经历为对“美好生活”的探寻。It all began in the mid-1850s,when Lowes experiments with balloons led him to believe in the existence of an upper stream of air that moved in an easterly direction,no matter what direction the lower currents flowed.这一切都始于19世纪50年代中叶,当时罗威的气球实验使他相信上升气流的存在。不管下层的气流向什么方向流动,这种上升气流总是向东流动。英语
18、(英语(形合形合)汉语(汉语(意合意合)理解理解表达表达翻译翻译 逻辑、语法、词与短语逻辑、语法、词与短语习惯习惯PART 5.Splitting of the Whole Sentence 意群意群:(汉语汉语)就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分,每一个成分即称为一个意群,同一意群中的词与词的关系紧密相关,密不可分的。(英语英语)几个相邻的表示同类意思的词,而读意群就是说把这几个词一眼看下来可使阅读速度成数倍地提高。四步翻译:找动词,找该动词辐射范围,逐一翻译,调序。Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a countrys ec
19、onomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.第一步找出动性词:is,is bound up with,rest upon 第二步确定动性词所辐射的范围:(1)that前;(2)逗号前;(3)最后。第三步逐个翻译:(1)除此之外,显而易见的是(2)一个国家的经济实力与其工农业效率息息相关(3)而且这种效率的
20、提高反过来又取决于各类科技人员的努力。(扔废词:反过来)第四步作勾连调顺序:除此之外,显而易见的是一国的经济实力与其工农业效率息息相关,而且这种效率的提高又取决于各类科技人员的努力。Our foreign secretary on one occasion spelt our objectives in terms of three quite simple principles which I think are still true.我们的外交大臣有一次阐明了我们的目标,它主要包括三项简单的原则,我想现在还适用。(1)How can the European Union contribut
21、e to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the international market,forward looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?欧盟怎样做才能对欧洲的电影和电视业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具有竟争力,使其前景不错并且有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响力,并且在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢
22、?Examples:This development is in part a result of experimental studies indicating that favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may ischemic injury and that reduction after load may be associated with improved cardiac performance.将原文拆成两个完整句子,含五个分句(1)In part 从某种程度上讲(
23、2)This development is a result of experimental studies 这方面进展是实验研究结果(3)That experimental studies indicating 实验结果表明(4)That favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may reduce ischemic injury 有效改善心肌耗氧量的决定因素可减轻局部损害(5)That reduction after load may be associated with impr
24、oved cardiac performance 并且负荷减轻也能改善心肌功能 从某种程度上讲,这方面的进展是实验研究的结果。实验结果表明,有效改善心肌耗氧量的决定因素可减轻局部损害,并且负荷的减轻也能改善心肌功能。Could any spectacle,for instance,be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter mens bodies while,close at hand,surgeons use it to restore them?将原句拆译成五个分句子(1)Could any
25、spectacle be more grimly whimsical 还有什么情景更怪诞可怕吗?(2)The gunners using science to shatter mens bodies 炮兵利用科学毁坏人体(3)While,close at hand 然而就在附近(4)For instance 在这里是加强第一小句语气(5)T he surgeons use it to restore them 外科医生用科学抢救炮兵毁坏的身体 炮兵利用科学毁坏人体,而就在附近,外科医生用科学抢救被炮兵毁坏的人体,还有什么情景比这更怪诞可怕的吗?Summary拆译法拆译整句拆译并列句拆译复合句拆
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