2020广东中考专项新突破-第一章语法知识专项复习-专题二-冠词.pptx

1、2020广东中考专项新突破-第一章语法知识专项复习-专题二-冠词中考考点解读中考考点解读 考点考点广东省卷近广东省卷近5年中考统计情况年中考统计情况2015 2016 2017 20181.不定冠词不定冠词a2.不定冠词不定冠词an3.定冠词定冠词the4.零冠词零冠词 不定冠词不定冠词a/an一般有一般有any或或one的意思，不强调数的意思，不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。用法用法例子例子a用于辅音音素开头的用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前单数可数名词前a woman,a university,a European country

2、,a one-week tripan用于元音音素开头的用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前单数可数名词前an egg,an umbrella,an American,an idea注：此处的辅音音素和元音音素指单词发音的注：此处的辅音音素和元音音素指单词发音的第一个音素。第一个音素。26个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有12个：个：a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x常见的以元音字母开头的单词用常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a或或an的情况：的情况：A aan ancient story,an artist,an aunt,an Asian country,an

3、American girlE ea European country,an exciting job,an egg,an 8-year-old boy,an 11-year-old boyI ian idea,an interesting storyO oan orange,an old man,an Olympic starU u a useful book,a university student,a usual farmer,an umbrella,an ugly man,an uncle,an unusual story,an unhappy day特别记忆特别记忆 不规则：不规则：a

4、n honest boy,an hour用法用法例子例子常见常见用法用法1.用于第一次提到的用于第一次提到的人或事物的名词前人或事物的名词前 I have a new book.我我有一本新书。有一本新书。2.泛指某个人，某一泛指某个人，某一类人或物类人或物 A boy is waiting for you.有有个男孩正在等你。个男孩正在等你。用法用法例子例子常见常见用法用法3.用于人名前，表用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质某名人有类似性质的人或事的人或事A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you were out.一位史密斯先生在

5、你外出时一位史密斯先生在你外出时来拜访过。来拜访过。4.表示数量表示数量“一一个个”，相当于，相当于oneI have a mouth and a nose.我有一张嘴和一个鼻子。我有一张嘴和一个鼻子。用法用法例子例子常见常见用法用法5.用于某些不可数名词用于某些不可数名词前，表示前，表示“一次、一阵、一次、一阵、一份、一种一份、一种”等（抽象等（抽象名词具体化）名词具体化）明天将有一场大雨。明天将有一场大雨。a big surprise(惊喜惊喜)a pleasure(乐事乐事)a great success(成功成功)a pity(遗憾遗憾)have a good time(时光时光)用法

6、用法例子例子常见常见用法用法6.用在序数词前，用在序数词前，表示表示“又一、再一又一、再一”She has got two sons,but she wants to have a third one.她已经有两个儿子了，但她她已经有两个儿子了，但她还想再要一个。还想再要一个。用法用法例子例子常见常见用法用法7.用于固定搭用于固定搭配或习惯用法配或习惯用法as a result,a couple of,in a hurry,in a minute,go for a walk,have a cold,have a rest,have a good time,once upon a time,ha

7、lf an hour,a few,a little,a lot of,a bit用法用法例子例子特特殊殊用用 法法用于用于“quite,rather,such+a/an+单数单数名词名词”中中This room is rather/quite a big one.这个房间相当大。这个房间相当大。I have never seen such a person.我从来没见过这样的人。我从来没见过这样的人。用法用法例子例子特特殊殊用用 法法用于用于“What+a/an+形形容词容词+名词名词+（主（主语语+谓语）谓语）”的的感叹句中感叹句中What a nice girl(she is)！（她是）一

8、个多么美丽的女孩啊！（她是）一个多么美丽的女孩啊！What an interesting book(it is)！（这是）一本多么有趣的书啊！（这是）一本多么有趣的书啊！()1.(2018广东广东)new study says that going to _ bed late is harmful to our health.A./;/B.A;/C.A;the D.The;the()2.(2017广东广东)I went to supermarket to buy birthday gift for my aunt yesterday.A.an;a B.a;a C.the;/D./;theBB(

9、)3.(2013广东广东)What do you want to be in the future,Lucy?I want to be pilot.It is exciting job.A.a;a B.a;an C.a;the D.the;an()4.(2010广东广东)Dont talk to Simon like that.He is just _ eleven-year-old boy.A.a B.an C.the D./BB的用法用法例子例子1.用于世上独一无二用于世上独一无二的事物名词或专有名的事物名词或专有名词词(国家、组织、机构国家、组织、机构等等)前前the moon,the

10、Great Wall,the UK,the USThe earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。地球绕着太阳转。用法用法例子例子2.特指特指的人、事物的人、事物或上文提过的人或或上文提过的人或事物事物There is a boy over there and the boy is crying.那里有一个男孩，他正在哭那里有一个男孩，他正在哭。3.用于用于单数可数名单数可数名词前，表示某一类词前，表示某一类人或事物人或事物The horse is a useful animal.马是一种很有用的动物。马是一种很有用的动物。用法用法例子例子4.用于姓氏复数前，用于姓

11、氏复数前，表示表示“某人一家某人一家”，谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数The Greens work in the same company.格林一家人在同一家公司上班。格林一家人在同一家公司上班。5.用于形容词前，表用于形容词前，表示某一类人，谓语动示某一类人，谓语动词用复数词用复数the rich(富人富人)，the poor(穷人穷人)，the sick(病人病人)The young are kind to the old.年轻人对老人很友善。年轻人对老人很友善。用法用法例子例子6.用于西洋乐器前用于西洋乐器前I can play the violin and my sister can

12、play the guitar.我会拉小提琴，我的姐姐会弹吉他。我会拉小提琴，我的姐姐会弹吉他。用法用法例子例子7.序数词和形容词序数词和形容词最高级前、比较级最高级前、比较级的特殊句型、表示的特殊句型、表示年代的数词中年代的数词中We live on the fifth floor.我们住在五楼。我们住在五楼。He is the tallest student in his class.他是班上最高的学生。他是班上最高的学生。The more,the better.多多益善。多多益善。in the 1990s 在在20世纪世纪90年代年代用法用法例子例子8.江河湖海、江河湖海、山川群岛、方山

13、川群岛、方位的名词之前位的名词之前the Yellow River,the Pacific(太平洋太平洋),in the south of ChinaXinjiang is in the west of China.新疆在中国的西部。新疆在中国的西部。9.身体部位的身体部位的名词前名词前He patted me on the shoulder.他拍了拍我的肩膀。他拍了拍我的肩膀。用法用法例子例子10.“How+形容词形容词+the+主语主语+谓语谓语”的感叹句中的感叹句中How interesting the book is!多有趣的书啊！多有趣的书啊！11.用于固定搭配或用于固定搭配或习惯用

14、法习惯用法at the beginning of,at the end of,at the same time,at the age of,at the bottom of,go to the cinema,look the same,by the way,the day before yesterday()1.(2019广东广东)Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.A.The B.A C.An D./()2.(2016广东广东)Brazil,country in South America,will hold 31s

15、t Olympic Games in August,2016.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;theAB()3.(2015广东广东)Do you like movie Big Hero 6?Yes,it is interesting film.I like it very much.A.a;an B.the;an C.a;the D.the;a()4.(2012广东广东)_ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.A./B.A C.An D.TheBD()5.(2011广东广东)I really like

16、 book you lent me yesterday.A.a B.an C.the D./()6.(2009广东广东)old man behind Mary is university teacher.A.An;an B.A;the C.The;a D.The;anCC1.专有名词专有名词(人名、地人名、地名等名等)前前Beijing University,China2.年、月、星期前年、月、星期前in 2006,in March,on Sunday3.季节、节假日前季节、节假日前（春节等节日除外）（春节等节日除外）in spring,on Teachers Day the Spring F

17、estival（春节）春节）the Dragon Boat Festival（端午节）端午节）4.球类、棋类和学科球类、棋类和学科前前play basketball(volleyball),play chess,learn chemistry5.三餐前一般不用三餐前一般不用冠词冠词*三餐前如有三餐前如有形容词修饰，则用形容词修饰，则用不定冠词不定冠词have(breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner),havefor breakfasthave a big/quick breakfast6.名词前有限定词名词前有限定词时时常用限定词常用限定词(this,that,these,

18、those)形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,their)如如：this tree,my pen,some water7.与与by连用，放在表连用，放在表示交通工具的名词前示交通工具的名词前by train(bus,car,ship)，by air(乘飞机乘飞机)，by sea(乘船乘船)8.用于固定搭配或习用于固定搭配或习惯用法惯用法at home,at work,at lunch,at least,at oncein fact,in trouble,in danger,in time,on time()(2014广东广东)Eric is not going

19、to Nanjing by plane.Instead,he is taking _ train.A./;a B.a;/C.a;the D.the;aA广东近广东近5年中考短文填空中，冠词考查了年中考短文填空中，冠词考查了5次，其次，其中不定冠词中不定冠词a是是5年年4考、定冠词考、定冠词the是是5年年1考、不定冠考、不定冠词词an与零冠词没有考查过。有与零冠词没有考查过。有3次是根据固定搭配确次是根据固定搭配确定的，有定的，有2次是根据句式结构与上下文确定的。次是根据句式结构与上下文确定的。1 1 固定固定搭配判断法搭配判断法（2019年广东省卷年广东省卷78题）题）On the grou

20、nd of the village,Grandpa Huang has painted 78 lot of well-known Chinese sayings.固定搭配：固定搭配：a lot of 意为意为“大量，许多大量，许多”(a)（2018年广东省卷年广东省卷77题）题）With the attitude(态度态度)of“one brick more”,both Will and Harry rebuilt the wall in 77 period of six months.固定固定搭配：搭配：a period of意为意为“一段一段时间时间”(a)1 1 固定固定搭配判断法搭配判

21、断法（2016年广东省卷年广东省卷73题）题）Mr.Zhangs mother lives with them and helps look after the kids.They love one another and live 73 happy life.固定固定搭配：搭配：live a happy life意为意为“过上一种幸过上一种幸福的生活福的生活”(a)1 1固定搭配判断法常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：a bit(of)稍微稍微，有点儿，有点儿a few 一些一些，几个，几个a kind of 一一种种a little 一点一点，少量，少量a lot of 许

22、多许多，大量，大量a number of 大量大量1 1固定搭配判断法常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：a pair of 一双一双a piece of 一块一块，一片，一张，一件，一片，一张，一件as a result 结果结果，因此，因此at the same time 同时同时go for a walk 去去散步散步have a cold 感冒感冒1 1固定搭配判断法常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：have a good time玩得开心玩得开心in a hurry 匆匆忙忙匆匆忙忙in a word 总而言之总而言之in the end 最后最后，

23、终于，终于in the future 在在未来未来once upon a time 以前以前1 1固定搭配判断法常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：put on a performance 表演表演节目节目take the place of 代替代替，取代，取代once a week 一一周一次周一次live alife 过过着着的生活的生活have a rest/take a break 休息休息at the age of 在在岁时岁时1 1固定搭配判断法常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：take a train 坐坐火车火车play a role in 在

24、在中扮演角色中扮演角色have a try 试一试试一试in a way 在在某种程度上某种程度上for a while 一会儿一会儿a large number of 大量大量的的1 1固定搭配判断法常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：常见冠词固定搭配归纳如下：half an hour 半小时半小时have a picnic 去去野餐野餐on the other hand 另一方面另一方面in the east of 在在的的东边东边on the way to 在去在去的的路上路上take a shower 淋浴淋浴2 2句式结构与上下文判断法冠词修饰名词，可从几个方面入手：冠词冠词修饰名词，可从几个

25、方面入手：冠词+(形容形容词词+)名词，名词，the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词，名词，the+序数词序数词+名词，名词，the+姓氏复数等姓氏复数等。（2017年广东省卷年广东省卷72题）题）When the film group meet 72 Smiths,they find that Mr.Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that they hardly do things together.在姓氏的复数前，表示在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人一家人”(the)2 2句式结构与上下文判断法后接形容词后接形容词

26、+名词，且文章首次出现名词，且文章首次出现boy，故可知此，故可知此处泛指处泛指“一个小男孩一个小男孩”，little的读音以辅音音素开的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词头，故用不定冠词a。(a)（2015年广东省卷年广东省卷75题）题）The Great Wall is known as the eighth wonder of the world Just at the moment,we saw 75 little boy standing alone and crying.We went over and asked what happened to him.1.As middle s

27、chool student,I was not excellent because I was not interested in studying too hard.（2019肇庆怀集二模肇庆怀集二模-节选）节选）2.Two years ago,I failed in the college entrance exam.It was a heavy shock（冲击）（冲击）to my family and me.They always wanted me to go to a great university in _ south of the country.（2019江门江海二模江门江

28、海二模-节选）节选）athe3.One day,Harry,army officer,heard about Charlies story.After communicating with Charlies parents,Harry started to plan secretly to give the poor boy a big surprise.（2019东莞东城一中一模东莞东城一中一模-节选）节选）4.I was resting in a caf one evening.Looking at my expensive new shoes,I was really happy.The

29、n _ thin boy in a dirty shirt came to me.（2019佛山顺德三模佛山顺德三模-节节选）选）an()1.Is he American or European?Neither.In fact,he is from Australia.(2019江门二中一模江门二中一模)A.an;an B.an;a C.a;an D.a;a()2.Jane,honest child,bought _ useful dictionary yesterday.(2019惠州模拟惠州模拟)A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;aBD()3.It seems that

30、your daughter shows _ interest in playing the violin.Exactly.Her teacher says she has gift for music.(2019揭阳普宁模拟揭阳普宁模拟)A.a;the B.an;a C.a;a D.an;theB()4.Could you tell me something about Foshan,Feihong?Sure,its industrial city near Guangzhou with history of about 5000 years.(2019佛山南海佛山南海二模二模)A.a;a B

31、.an;the C.an;/D.an;aD()5.Is that post office?No,its old library.(2019新疆中考新疆中考)A.the;a B.a;an C.an;a D.an;theB()6.Mike had _ unusual experience which happened in _ early 1990s.(2019梅州模拟梅州模拟)A.a;/B.an;/C.an;the D.a;the()7.Do you like _movie Dangal?Yes.Its _ educational movie.I like it very much.(2019湛

32、江霞山模拟湛江霞山模拟)A.the;an B.a;an C.a;the D.the;aCA()8.Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is _ worlds longest cross-sea bridge,and it brings people in Hong Kong,Macao and Guangdong within _“one-hour living circle”.(2019东莞二模东莞二模)A.the;an B.a;the C.the;a D./;the()9.Laura is _ 11-year-old girl.She is good at play

33、ing _ guitar.(2019四川凉山四川凉山)A./;a B.an;/C.an;the D.a;anCC()10._ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.We hope more and more foreign friends live _ better life in China.(2019广西玉林广西玉林)A./;a B.The;an C.The;a D./;theC()11.We should help _ disabled instead of making _ fun of them.(2019阳江江城一模阳江江城一模)A.a

34、;a B.a;/C.the;a D.the;/()12._ 116-year-old Japanese woman who still enjoys studying _ maths has been recognized as the worlds oldest person.(2019珠海香洲模拟珠海香洲模拟)A.The;/B.A;the C.The;the D.An;/DA()13.We often have three meals _ day.And we usually have _ breakfast at 8:00 every morning.(2019广西河池广西河池)A.a;the B.a;a C.a;/D./;the()14.I am going to have _ picnic on _ Sunday.(2019天津天津)A.the;an B.an;the C.a;/D.an;/CC()15.Will you get there by _ train?No,Ill take _ taxi.(2019湖南岳阳模拟改编湖南岳阳模拟改编)A./;a B.a;/C./;/D.a;aA1.D7.B2.D3.C4.C5.B8.C9.A6.C10.A