中考语法思维导图之十三动词.doc

1、 动词动词 系动词系动词 情态动情态动 助动词助动词 实义动实义动 系动词+表语 情态动+动词原形 助动词+动词原形 独立充当谓语 充当谓语 系动词系动词 be 动词动词 “保持保持”“变化变化” 感官动词感官动词 be+adv.+adj如何是 become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,stay look,sound,taste,smell,feel 常接形容词作表语 主谓一致 情态动词情态动词 意思答语 表示推测 may 答语:肯定 Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can. 否定 Sorry, but you cant/mustnt 一定must 必须

2、Must I？Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to. 不得不 Do I have to? Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to. 需要实义动词：not need to do sth. 情态动词：neednt do sth. Would you like to do?答语Id like to Id like to, but had better 最好(不)做某事 Youd better do/Youd better not do 可能may,might,could 不可能cant 2 助动词助动词 狭

3、义概念：赠送的 扩展概念：自带的 do,does,did 凡谓语由两部分构成之前者 句型操作及答语 实义动词身份 助动词身份/强调功能 实义动词实义动词 时态 语态 名称 被动：be+done 及物动词必须跟宾语 不及物动词不直跟宾语 谓动 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 do/does did be+doing was/were+doing will+do would+do have/has+done had+done 一般现在 一般过去 一般将来 含情态动 选项有无被动只需考 虑时态 该而不:感官发生实现 出版 使役动词正常不

4、带 to 被动则带 意思需要 时间，标志 意思 平时经常做 某次过去做 现在正在做 过去正在做 现在将要做 过去将要做 到现在已做 到过去已做 3 动词词形变化动词词形变化 三单 现在分词 过去式、 过去分词 +s s,x,sh,ch,o+es 辅+yi+es 不规则 +ing 去 e+ing 双写+ing iey+ing +ed 辅+yi+ed 双写+ed 不规则 辅元辅，且重读，不忘 双写尾字母 （除组合外） 时态判断时态判断 所用时态 时间 一般现在时 on Sundays 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 ago, yesterday, last

5、week, in 1989 now, these days at this time yesterday, at that time tomorrow,this afternoon,next year the next day so far,in the past years,since 标志 频率/真理/时间条件状从 at the age of 5,just now,when+从 look, listen与频度副词连用 when+过 in+时间段 常用于宾从中 already,yet,ever,never,before,for 过去完成时 by yesterday/then/the end

6、of when+过 before+过，by+过 完成时句中,与 for,since,how long 连用时,动词要用延续形式 go to, come to be in/at leavebe away (from) arrivebe in/at die be kead begin/startbe on end be over buy have join be a member of/be in borrowkeep get marriedbe married make friends withbe friends with have gone to去了人不在这里, have been to去过

7、人在这里 强调句型：It is +一段时间+since+过去时 “自以来，已经多长时间了” 4 动词短语动词短语 意思 结构 搭配 动词+介词 doing 动词+副词 be+adj.+介词 宾语一律后置 代宾中，名中后 非谓语动非谓语动 词 不定式 to do 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done 作主语 作宾语 作主语被视为单数 作主语 作表语 作宾语 作宾补 作定语 作状语 宾从省略式 常被形主 it 代替 be+to do “是做” 被形宾 it 代替 省 to 不省 要后置，省介否 表目的，原因 疑问词+to do 判定:后有谓动 be doing“正在做” have sth. d

8、one 使被 be done“被做” 5 不定式作主语 常被形式主语 it 代替，而把 to do 置于句尾 It is +adj./n.+(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. It takes +sb. +st. +to do sth. 后接 to do 的动词：like, ask, wish, hope, dare, offer, decide, help, long, learn, start, begin, agree, refuse, want, expect, promise, pretend, plan, manage, afford, prepare 被形宾代

9、替：think/find/make+ it+adj. +(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. 后接 sb. to do 的动词：force, teach, get, tell, know, help, ask, invite, wish, want, warn, wait for, allow, require, cause, advise, order, encourage, like 常用省略 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：have, make, let, feel, see, observe, look at, listen to, notice, watch, hea

10、r, discover(被动语态要还原 to) 结构有：had better do, would rather do(than do), cant but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do, why do?, why not do? 作定语：要后置。若不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后介词不能省。 (修饰的名词是 time,place,way 时其后上常省略介词) 作状语：表目的：go to sp. to do /do sb. can to do /follow sb. to do 表原因：be sorry to do/be hap

11、py to do/be pleased to do 后接 doing 的动词：advise,allow,avoid,miss,mind,enjoy,finish,keep,put off,give up,keep on,practice,imagine,consider,cant help,cant stop,suggest,cant stand 动词中考点动词中考点 时态语态时态语态 动词短语动词短语 非谓动词非谓动词 情态动词情态动词 词义辨析词义辨析 6 近六年中考动词原题再现近六年中考动词原题再现 2006 年 32.Hangzhou is a nice city. My Dad me

12、 there when I was about ten years old. A.pulled B.caught C.took D.brought 33.Physics more interesting than maths. A.are B.is C.was D.were 34.I on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening. A. draw B.drew C.was drawing D.am drawing 35.My father on business for two weeks. Hell return in 3

13、 days. A.left B.has left C.has gone D.has been away 12 分 36.-Could you please tell Peter that I want to talk to him? -Sure, I will let him know as soon as he back. A.comes B.came C.has come D.will come 37.The children to swim last month and they can swim very well now. A.are taught B.were taught C.h

14、ave taught D.taught 39.He has failed several times, but he wont . A.go on B.come on C.get up D.give up 40.We often hear her after class. A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sang 41.Hes flown to Qingdao for summer holidays, he? Aisnt B.wasnt C.hasnt D.doesnt 44.-Listen! Is that Kate? -No. It be Kate. She has

15、gone to London. A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.cant 83.Ive （长大） .I can help with some housework.she said to her parents. 84.Please （关掉）the lights before you leave. 2007 年 32. -Must I finish the work today? -No, you _. You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. neednt 33. Ill do it b

16、etter if the teacher _ me another chance. A. give B. gives C. gave D. will give 35. When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she _ the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played 37. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He _ in China since 2002. 12 分 A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed 3

17、8. How much does the ticket _ from Shanghai to Beijing? A. cost B. take C. spend D. pay 39. You bought a new computer last week, _ you? A. arent B. dont C. didnt D. havent 40. There _ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. is staying 42. We

18、_ to close the windows before we left the lab. A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told 44. He _ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag. A. picked up B. threw away C. looked for D. handed in 82. The glasses he _(戴) a moment ago are broken. He needs a new pair. 84. Alice is so nice t

19、hat everyone likes to_(交朋友)her. 85. Dont be afraid of making mistakes in class. You wont be_(嘲笑) 7 2008 年 26. There a lot of rain in this area in August every year. A.is B.was C.are D.were 27. The children a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain. A.have B.are having C.had D.wer

20、e having 32. Nick a new camera. He has taken lots of pictures with it. A.buys B.is buying C.bought D.will buy 33. -Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven. -OK. I _ . A.will B.wont C.do D.dont 11 分 34. Thomas, please be quiet. The others hear very well. A.cant B.musnt C.shouldnt D.need

21、nt 35. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, to work for the Olympic Games. A.is choosing B.is chosen C.was choosing D.was chosen 38. Hows Annie? I her for a long time. A.dont see B.wont see C.didnt see D.havent seen 37. _ those lights, please. Dont use so much energy. A.Take off B.Put on C.Turn off

22、 D.Turn on 77.We practised (唱)English songs for one and a half hours today. 79.XuLi,with his friends, (拾起)waste paper in the park every Sunday. 80.Do you know this table (由制成)bamboo? 2009 年 29. This silk dress _ so smooth. Its made in China. A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels 33. My friend _ me.

23、 I have to leave now. A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for 34. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today. A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done 11 分 36. Keep practicing and you _ your English. A. improve B. will improve C. improved D.

24、 were improving 37. The news _ very interesting! Tell me more! A.is B.are C.were D.was 38. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he _. A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived 39. More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old. A. served B. to serve C. serve D. s

25、erves 40. Sally, _ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright. A. put on B. put up C. put away D. put down 42. I _ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write 44. Helen loves to talk about travel. She _ many places. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone for D

26、. has been from 84. They _ (同意) us on some matters yesterday afternoon. 8 2010 年 31. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _. A. must B. can C. may D. need 33. Id like you _ for a picnic with us. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 35. Mike _ his computer and checked his e-mail. A.

27、turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down 10 分 36. Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong. A. find B. think C. finds D. Thinks 37. Hong Kong_ to be a good place for eating today. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known 38. This term_ over. The summer vacation is c

28、oming in two weeks. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 39. I_ a mistake. Please dont be angry with me. A. make B. made C. will make D. had made 41. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _ in Beijing. A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived 44. I_ my clothes, and the phone rang. A. w

29、ash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing 84. Steven_ (参加) the school dancing club last year. 2011 年 28.There_lots of people at the restaurant when I got there. A.is B.was C.are D.were 32.Whenever you have a chance _ English, you should take it. A.speak B.to speak C.spoke D.speaks 11 分 35.Would you

30、 please _ my baby brother while Im cooking? A.take out of B.take care of C.take part in D.take away from 36.You _ eat the soup if you dont like it. A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.cant 37.This sentence _ right. Please write it down. A.feels B.sounds C.tastes D.smells 38.My sister wants a new dress. S

31、he _ it to the party. A.wears B.has worn C.wore D.is going to wear 40.I didnt hear you because I _ the news on the radio. A.listen to B.am listening to C.listened to D.was listening to 42.I _ my homework, I guess I cant join you. A.dont finish B.didnt finish C.havent finished D.wont finish 44.The Sp

32、ring Festival _ in January or February. A.celebrates B.is celebrated C.celebrated D.was celebrated 84.We Chinese sometimes _(借)words from English when talking. 85.Victor _(敲)the door before he walked into the room. 9 2012 年 29. _ something wrong with my bike. Can I use yours? A. It is B. It was C. T

33、here is D. There was 35. -Whose is the pencil box? -It _ be Toms. Look at his name on the cover! A. can B. may C. must D. need 37. _ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A. To find B. Find C. To write D. Write 11 分 38. The clothing store _ a sale. The clothes there are very che

34、ap. A. has B. had C. is having D. was having 39. _ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine. A. Cut down B. Look down C. Turn down D. Put down 40. Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, _ many flowers these days. A. received B. will receive C. was receiving D. has received 41. Your sweater

35、 looks smart. Where _ you _ it? A. do, get B. did, get C. will, get D. have, got 43. Where were you this morning? -I _ in the supermarket. A. will shop B. am shopping C. was shopping D. have shopped 44. More money _ when we use both sides of paper. A. will save B. was saved C. has saved D. will be saved 82. Nancy often _ (go swimming) with her friends in summer. 84. Students are _ (encourage) to share their thoughts by teachers.