第一讲-利用位置关系解题课件.ppt

1、1创新设计创新设计2创新设计创新设计七选五阅读理解主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型的命题形式是给考生一篇300词左右的短文，命题人有目的地在文章中去除5处信息，并提供7个备选选项，要求考生从7个选项中选出5个合适的选项对应地填回原文5处空缺处。3创新设计创新设计年份 卷别 语篇类型主题语境文章结构选项特征设空位置段首 段中 段末2019卷说明文人与自然身心健康总分完整句子230卷说明文人与自我保持动力,实现目标总分完整句子140卷说明文人与自我健康的互动交流总分完整句子1314创新设计创新设计2018卷 说明文人与自我家庭装饰总分从句句子131卷 说明文

2、人与自我晨练的好处总分总完整句子221卷 议论文人与社会对舞蹈的看法总分完整句子2215创新设计创新设计2017卷 记叙文 人与自我野营经历总分总完整句子221卷 说明文人与社会防止工作时被打扰总分从句句子140卷 说明文人与自我建立生物钟总分完整句子1316创新设计创新设计体裁题材七选五阅读理解的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文和议论文。文章特点七选五阅读理解的文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，也越来越趋向于不带格式标志()，但文章大都结构清晰，基本都是总分结构。7创新设计创新设计设空特点从设空位置上来看，七选五阅读理解的选项主要有三种情况：段首、段中和段尾，从功能上来说主要为

3、：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡句，三是注释句。能力要求该题型主要是测试考生的两大能力：一是把握整篇文章布局和结构的能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。8创新设计创新设计第一讲利用位置关系解题第一讲利用位置关系解题3种题型逐一锁定七选五阅读理解设空主要有三种位置：段首、段尾和段中，从写作手法上来看，三种位置关系的句子在文中的作用不尽相同。我们可以根据近几年全国卷高考题出题设空的规律，找出这三种题目的对应解法。9创新设计创新设计段首题先看文章结构再看本段内容1.用数据说话：段首题考查的两种情况题型年份段落主旨句(小标题)承接下句(后文)题2019全国卷(37T)全国卷(40T)全国卷(37T)全国

4、卷(37T)2018全国卷(39T，40T)全国卷(36T)2017全国卷(37T)全国卷(39T，40T)从上表统计来看，段首题主要考查两种情况，一是考查段落主旨句(小标题)，二是考查与下文的逻辑关系。10创新设计创新设计2.段首题解题的思维流程11创新设计创新设计示例(2018全国卷)If you are already making the time to exercise.Your productivity is improved.Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.39 Studies found that people who woke u

5、p early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.40 If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout

6、 the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.12创新设计创新设计选项A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.分析从文

7、章结构来看，文章为“总分总”结构，而且中间论述的四段的首句都是段落主旨句。39，40题都是挖空句首，从二三段主旨句“Your productivity is improved.和Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.”可知，39，40两个小题的答案只能从A、B、C三个选项中选择。再根据所在段的内容可知，分别选择B和A项。13创新设计创新设计段尾题先看前文再看后文1.用数据说话：段尾题考查的两种情况题型年份承上启下只承接上句(文)2019 全国卷(39T)2018 全国卷(40T)全国卷(37T)2017全国卷(36T)全国卷(39T)从上表统计来看，段尾

8、题的考查主要有两种情况，一是只承接上句(文)，二是承上启下。14创新设计创新设计2.段尾题解题的思维流程15创新设计创新设计示例1(2019全国卷)DontsDont share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor.39 Dont open

9、ly express annoyance at a professor or class.40.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.When a student attacks a professor on the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability,be su

10、re to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.16创新设计创新设计选项A.Thats what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help.C.If more information is needed,they will ask.分析39题为段尾题，从文章结构标志()来看，这两段是并列关系，所以不用看下文，首先看前一句“If you are in need of a deadline extension，simply explain the si

11、tuation to the professor.(如果你需要延长最后期限，只需向授课老师解释一下情况)”，故选C项“If more information is needed,they will ask.(如果需要更多的信息，他们会询问)”。符合此处的语境。17创新设计创新设计示例2(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were peo

12、ple who enjoyed insect bites，ill-cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.36 .39.After the trip，my family became quite interested in camping.We have done a lot of it since.Recently，we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a buil

13、t-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.18创新设计创新设计选项A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then，howeve

14、r.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.分析上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选D。19创新设计创新设计段中题先看空前再看空后空前空后和挖空处三句最重要1.用数据说话：段中题考查的三种情况题型年份主要依据前句主要依据后句依据前句和后句2019全国卷(38T)，因果全国卷(39T)，递进全国卷(40T)，转折全国卷(38T)，解释全国卷(36T)，递进全国卷(39T)，解释全国卷(36T)，转折和解释从上表统计来看，段中题的

15、考查主要有三种情况，一是承接上句(文)，二是引起下句(文)，三是承上启下。20创新设计创新设计2.段中题解题的思维流程21创新设计创新设计3.段中题所青睐的几种命题方式(1)挖空处答案主要依据前句(句A为前句，句B为挖空句)AB阐释型：句A句B(B句解释阐释A句)AB递进型：句A句B(B句为A句的递进)AB转折型：句A句B(A句和B句为转折关系)AB同构型：句A句B(B句和A句的句式结构相同)22创新设计创新设计示例1(2019全国卷)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term ob

16、jectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.39 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.选项E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.分析本题只依据前句解题。根据

17、空格前的goals are flexible可知，目标是灵活的，故E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”与之对应。23创新设计创新设计(2)挖空处答案主要依据后句(句B为挖空句，句C为后句)BC阐释型：句B句C(C句解释阐释B句)BC同构型：句B句C(C句和B句的句式结构相同)BC顺接型：句B句C(C句和B句为AB-BC的顺接型)24创新设计创新设计示例2(2019全国卷)Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).38 In these places pati

18、ents can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster r

19、ate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.39.Being in nature refreshes us.It gives us a great feeling of peace.25创新设计创新设计选项E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G.All across the country,reco

20、very centers have begun building Healing Gardens.分析本题只依据后句解题。空格后的these places与G项中的recovery centers相呼应，因此G项“全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园”符合语境。26创新设计创新设计(3)挖空处答案依据前句和后句(句A为前句，句B为挖空句，句C为后句)ABC阐释型：句A句B句C(B句解释阐释A句，C句进一步解释A句)ABC转折型：句A句B句C(A句和C句为转折关系，B句为过渡句)ABC同构型：句A句B句C(ABC三句的句式结构相同)27创新设计创新设计示例3(2019全国卷)Imagine a

21、 child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.36 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.选项F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析本题必须依据前句和后句解题。空格前有motivation and goal setting，而且说它们是同一枚硬币的两面，缺一不可，再根据空后的举例“Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.”故G项符合语境。28本节内容结束