（全国通用版）2019版高考英语大一轮复习 单元检测卷38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 新人教版选修8.doc

1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions . 阅读理解 A Humans have launched themselves into the outer space. Theyve landed on the moon. Theyve built habitable space stations that orbit the Earth. The next giant leap for mankind is to reach another planet specifically, Mars. The problem is that its n

2、o easy task. The planet is 586 times further away from the Earth than the moon, and itll take around 180 to 220 days to reach Mars, depending on where each planet is in its orbit. Such long periods in space have suggested many potential health problems, including hormonal changes, skin conditions, a

3、nd muscle and bone deterioration(损耗 ) Heres where some furry friends come in. A wide range of animals have been in space, from fruit flies and spiders to cats, and dogs. Such experiments began as far back as the late 1940s in first tests to see if living things could withstand the extreme g force(重力

4、 ) of a rocket launch. Mice continue to play a very important part in space experiments, mainly because the animals make excellent test subjects. Theyre small, which makes them inexpensive and easy to care for. In addition, their size and short life span make it possible to do the equivalent of seve

5、ral human years of tests in a much shorter time. Finally, because mice are mammals, they share many common characteristics with humans in terms of genetics, biology and behavior. Astromice have hit the headlines recently, as a team of scientists led by Betty Nusgens, professor of biology at the Univ

6、ersity of Liege in Belgium, found that the mice suffered a 15 percent thinning of their skin after 91 days aboard the International Space Station(ISS) This experiment was part of a wider NASA mission(任务 ) called the Mice Drawer System(MDS). The Italian Space Agency developed the facility, which allo

7、ws six mice to be housed, monitored, and automatically fed and watered aboard the ISS, among which three survived during the mission. The mice have participated in 20 separate experiments, to study such effects as osteoporosis (骨质疏松症 ), anemia(贫血 ) and heart health. Results for the 20 experiments ar

8、e coming in gradually. But its clear that mice continue to play an important role in the ongoing quest to conquer the final frontier. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 语篇导读 本文为说明文。人类从未停止对未知的探索，继人类踏上月球之后，人类开始探索去往火星的旅程。 1 We can infer from Paragraphs 2 3 that _. A Mars is the farthest planet away from Earth discovered so

9、 far B the journey to Mars could put humans health at risk C it was in the late 1940s that animals were first sent to the ISS D animals that have been sent into space have mostly survived 解析 B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，正是因为去往太空可能会有这些健康问题，所以第三段写到要先用小动物来做实验，故选 B 项。 2 The underlined word “withstand” in Para.3

10、means _. A set up B hold up C work out D come across 解析 B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子可知，这些实验早在 20 世纪 40 年代就开始了，第一个实验是观测生物是否能够忍受火箭发射的巨大重力。 hold up 支持住；承受住，故选 B 项。 3 According to Betty Nusgens and her team, the mice aboard the ISS _. A suffered the loss of part of their skin B all survived for the duration of the

11、 mission C were fed and watered by the astronauts D participated in 20 experiments that made great breakthroughs 解析 A 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，在国际空间站待了 91 天后，这些老鼠的皮肤变薄了 15%，故选 A 项。 4 The main purpose of the article is to _. A describe the role mice play in scientific research B report on the results of the Mic

12、e Drawer System C analyze how mice could pave the way to Mars D change peoples traditional attitudes toward mice 解析 C 写作意图题。文章主要讲述了为检测人类在去往火星探索的旅程中可能遭受的身体损害，需要用小动物来做实验，而在众多小动物中，老鼠被认为是最适合的，因此老鼠为人类通向火星奠定了基础，故选 C 项。 B What do you do when you need to look something up? Go to the library? Open an encyclo

13、pedia(百科全书 )? Click onto the Internet? These days, most people go straight 【 精品教育资源文库 】 to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. But how reliable is it? There is no denying the popularity and usefulness of Wikipedia. It attracts as many as 78 million visitors every month, and the site is available in

14、 more than 270 different languages. Its one of the most comprehensive resources available, which includes almost all details, facts and information that may be concerned. Its got much more information than an ordinary encyclopedia. The site is updated on a daily basis by thousands of people around t

15、he world. Anyone with an Internet connection can log on and edit the contents or add a new page. And you dont need any formal training. Of course, there are some controls. Wikipedia has a team of more than 1,500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for harmful comments (s

16、uch as politicians) are off limits to public editing. But with more than 16 million articles to keep an eye on, it isnt easy. So, while Wikipedia benefits from being constantly updated with information from all over the world, its also open to “vandals”( 破坏他人财产者 ) Some of the damage is easy to notic

17、e. One person drew devil horns and a moustache on Microsoft chairman Bill Gates photo, while another edited Greek philosopher Platos biography to say he was a “Hawaiian weather man who is wildly believed to have been a student of Barney the purple Dinosaur and to have been deeply influenced by his d

18、og, Cutie” But other things are harder to spot. The most common form of vandalism involves adding tiny items of false information into the biography of a famous person. Unbelievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent all hav

19、ing fallen victim to the dirty tricks. For example, in an article about British comedian Sir Norman Wisdom, one newspaper claimed that he co wrote Dame Vera Lynns wartime hit Therell be bluebirds over the White Cliffs of Dover. He did no such thing. And in another article, it was reported that TV th

20、eme tune composer Ronnie Hazlehurst had written the S Club 7 hit Reach. Once again, not true. So, if youre going to use any information from Wikipedia, make sure you double check it first. 语 篇导读 本文为议论文，介绍维基百科的受欢迎程度，指出其优点，同时也指出其有些信息有虚假成分的不足之处。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 5 Which of the following would the author m

21、ost probably agree with? A Before using the information from Wikipedia, one should first check it. B Though popular and widely used, Wikipedia provides little reliable information. C It is understandable that some people add false information to Wikipedia. D Updated on a daily basis, any information

22、 from Wikipedia is reliable. 解析 A 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知， A 项准确地表达了作者的建议。 B 项表述过于否定； C 项表述有误； D 项表述过于肯定，故选 A 项。 6 We can learn from the passage that _. A because of its popularity, 78 million people from 270 countries visit Wikipedia monthly B Wikipedia is the most comprehensive resource with all informatio

23、n we need C anyone who has access to the Internet can edit any contents of Wikipedia as they like D the primary job of the administrators is to make sure true information is conveyed 解析 D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知， A 项表述有误；由第二段第三句可知，B 项错误；由第三段第三句可知， C 项错误。 D 项是对第三段第二句的另一种表述，准确反映了原文信息，故选 D 项。 7 What does the underlined part “off limits” in Paragraph 3 mean? A Not convenient. B Not welcome. C Not accessible. D Not boundless. 解析 C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可推知， off limits