法律文本翻译第十二章-常用法律文本翻译示例课件.ppt
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1、法律文本翻译第十二章 常用法律文本翻译示例CONTENTS 背景知识背景知识 TEACHING AIMS 教学目标 学习本章之后,需掌握以下知识点:1.1.对法律文本的类型有所了解对法律文本的类型有所了解 2.2.能够对法律文本正误译进行一定分析能够对法律文本正误译进行一定分析 3.3.能对法律文本的误议进行纠正能对法律文本的误议进行纠正 背景知识引入Preview 法律文本主要是由具有区别性特征的法律语言构成的,学界一般都赞同把法律文本划分到特殊用途语言(Language for Special Purpose,简称LSP)这一大类中。当然也有人把这类文本称为专业语篇(professiona
2、l discourse)。第一节 翻译示例 法律法规类文本法律法规类文本商业协议类文本商业协议类文本 司法文书类司法文书类 经济组织内部法律文件类经济组织内部法律文件类 一.法律法规类文本 法律法规类文本就是大家通常所说的立法文本,这一类法律文本,一般集体合作,由国际组织、政府组织专业人员翻译。这类文本的翻译水平一般较高,是研习法律文本入门的必备资料。(一)THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 美国的每一个州都有自己的宪法,但是人们通常所说的宪法都指联邦宪法1787年5月,美国各州代表在费城召开制宪会议,同年9月通过了美利坚合众国宪法
3、1789年,美国宪法正式生效,后又附加了27条宪法修正案美国宪法是世界上寿命最长的成文宪法作为世界上第一部成文宪法,美国宪法也为以后许多国家宪法的制定提供了成功的范本PreambleWe the people of the United States,in order to form a more perfect union,establish justice,insure domestic tranquility,provide for the common defense,promote the general welfare,and secure the blessings of lib
4、erty to ourselves and our posterity,do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.中华人民共和国民法通则 第一章 基本原则第一条 为了保障公民、法人的合法的民事权益,正确调整民事关系,适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要,根据宪法和我国实际情况,总结民事活动的实践经验,制定本法。第二条 中华人民共和国民法调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间、公民和法人之间的财产关系和人身关系。第三条 当事人在民事活动中的地位平等。第四条 民事活动应当遵循自愿、公平、等价有偿、
5、诚实信用的原则。第五条 公民、法人的合法的民事权益受法律保护,任何组织和个人不得侵犯。第六条 民事活动必须遵守法律,法律没有规定的,应当遵守国家政策。第七条 民事活动应当尊重社会公德,不得损害社会公共利益,破坏国家经济计划,扰乱社会经济秩序。第八条 在中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动,适用中华人民共和国法律,法律另有规定的除外。本法关于公民的规定,适用于在中华人民共和国领域内的外国人、无国籍人,法律另有规定的除外。此类文本是法律翻译实践中使用最广、实用价值较高,也是从事法律翻译应该、必须掌握的文本。此类文本的主要特点是格式化,受国内法调整,但不以国内法为依据,而是以贸易惯例、全球通行的法律原则为
6、起草依据而制定,即当事人合意的任意性条款较多。二.商业协议类文本 Agreement and contract(协议与合同);agency agreement(代理协议);agreement on general terms and conditions on business(一般经营交易条件的协议);agreement on loan facilities up to a given amount(商定借款协议);agreement fixing price(共同定价协议);agreement on import licensing procedure(进口许可证手续协议);agreeme
7、nt on reinsurance(分保协议);agreement to resell(转售协议 );bilateral agreement(双边协议);bilateral trade agreement(双边贸易协议);commercial agreement(商业协定);compensation trade agreement(补偿贸易协议);distributorship agreement(销售协议);exclusive distributorship agreement(排他销售协议);guarantee agreement(担保协议);international trade agr
8、eement(国际贸易协议);joint venture agreement(合营协议);licensing agreement(许可证协议);loan agreement(贷款协议);management agreement(经营管理协议);multilateral trade agreement(多边贸易协议);operating agreement(经营协议);partnership agreement(合伙契约);supply agreement(供货合同);written contract(书面协议);ad referendum contract(暂定合同);agency contr
9、act(代理合同);barter contract(易货合同);blank form contract(空白合同);compensation trade contact(补偿贸易合同);cross license contract(互换许可证合同);exclusive license contract(排他许可证合同);Firm sale contact(有效销售合同);Formal contract(正式合同);Forward contract(期货合同);Illegal contract(非法合同);Indirect contract(间接合同 );Installment contract
10、(分期合同);contract of employment(雇佣合同);contract of carriage(运输合同);contract of arbitration(仲裁合同);contract for goods(订货合同);contract for purchase(采购合同);contract for service(劳务合同);contract for future delivery(期货合同);contract of sale(销售合同);等等。Sole Agency Agreement This Sole Agency Agreement is made and enter
11、ed into this 28th day of September,2009,in Changsha,Hunan,China through friendly negotiations by and between Far East Industrial Corporation of America,having its principal office at New York of U.S.A.(hereinafter called Principal)and Changsha Electronic Products Import Export Corporation,having its
12、 principal office at Changsha,Hunan,China(hereinafter called Agent)on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:1.Principal agrees to appoint Agent to act as its sole agent in the territory of Changsha,Hunan,China for the sale of COMPAQ
13、1200 computers supplied by Principal.2.Price:Agent is under obligation to push sale energetically at the price quoted by Principal.Each transaction is subject to Principals final confirmation.3.Quantity:During the under-mentioned period,Agent shall place orders with Principle for not less than 5,000
14、 sets of COMPAQ 1200 computers.Agent shall order at least 2,500 sets in the first six months from the date of signing this agreement.Should Agent fail to fulfill the above-mentioned quantity(namely 2,500 sets)in this duration,Principal shall have the right to sell the goods under this agreement to o
15、ther customers in Changsha.In case Agent places orders for less than 1,000 sets in three months from the date on which the agreement is signed,Principle shall have the right to terminate this agreement by giving notice in writing to Agent.4.Payment:Payment is to be made by confirmed,irrevocable Lett
16、er of Credit,without recourse,available by sight draft upon presentation of shipping documents.The Letter of Credit for each order shall reach Principal 30 days before(prior to)the date of shipment.Should Agent fail to establish the Letter of Credit in time,any loss or losses including bank interest
17、,storage,etc.which Principal may sustain shall be borne by Agent.5.CommissionPrincipal agrees to pay Agent a commission of 5(five percent)on F.O.B value of orders.The commission is to be paid only after full payment for each order is received by Principal.As stated in Article 3)of this agreement,no
18、commission shall be paid on orders secured and executed by Principal itself.6.Reports on Market Condition:Agent shall have the obligation to forward once every three months to Principal detailed reports on current market conditions and on consumers comment.For Principals itself,Agent shall,from time
19、 to time,forward to Principal samples of similar commodity offered by other suppliers,together with their price,sales position and advertising material.7.Advertising Publicity Expenses:Agent shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity within the aforementioned territory in the duration of
20、this Agreement and submit to Principal all drafts and/or drawings intended for such purposes for prior approval.8.Validity of Agreement:This Agreement,when duly signed by the parties concerned,shall remain in force for two years to be effective as from September 28,2009 to September 27,2011.If a ren
21、ewal of this Agreement is desired,notice in writing should be given by either party within one month prior to its expiry.Should one of the parties fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement,the other party is entitled to terminate this Agreement.9.Arbitration:All disputes arising
22、 from the execution of this Agreement shall be settled through negotiation between both parties.In the event that no settlement can be reached,the case in dispute shall then be submitted for arbitration to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of Internation
23、al Trade,Changsha,in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Foreign Trade Arbitration.The decision made by this Commission shall be regarded as final and is binding on both parties.10.Other Terms Conditions:Principal shall not supply the contracted commodity to other buyers in the
24、 above-mentioned territory.Direct enquiries,if any,will be referred to Agent.However,should any other buyers insist on dealing direct with Principal,Principal should have the right to deal with them.In the latter case,Principal shall send to Agent a copy of relevant S/C and reserve 3 per cent(3)comm
25、ission for Agent on the net invoice value of the transactions concluded.Should Agent fail to send their orders to Principal for a minimum of.for a period of.months,Principal shall not be bound to this Agreement.For any business transacted between governments of both parties,Principal shall have full
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