现在分词和过去分词的用法异同讲述课件.ppt

1、I want to read a book written by the woman living there.to readwrittenliving 成分成分类别类别主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补不定式不定式-ing过去分词过去分词充当充当除谓语动词以外除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的各种句子成分第四步：分析时态第四步：分析时态第一步：辨别第一步：辨别“谓谓与非与非谓谓”第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第三步：判断语态第三步：判断语态非谓语的非谓语的“有法可依有法可依”Task 1Task 2Task 3第一步：谓与非谓第一步：谓与非谓 The

2、re are nine planets _ around the sun,and the earth _ one of them.moving;being B.moving;is C.move;being D.moved;isBack第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语 一、作定语时，一、作定语时，被修饰的词被修饰的词是逻是逻辑主语辑主语 二、作状语时，二、作状语时，句子的主语句子的主语是逻是逻辑主语辑主语 三、作宾语补足语时，三、作宾语补足语时，宾语宾语是逻是逻辑主语辑主语Back第三步：第三步：判断语态判断语态在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和

3、逻辑主语是语动词和逻辑主语是主动主动还是被还是被动动关系。关系。Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughlyC.It was looked for everywhereD.She hurried to a policeman for helpBackThe problem_ next is of great importance.The building_ now is our future classroom.The problem_ just now i

4、s of treat importance.A.discussed B.being built C.to be discussedA _B _C _Next根据根据上下文的语境上下文的语境确定时间确定时间-Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what country-Yes,In London.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyinghe studied in?he will study in?he studies in?ABCBack The buildin

5、g being built now is our future classroom.doing to be donebeing done done进行进行主动主动将来将来被动被动进行进行被动被动完成完成被动被动 The stone chairs given by the students of the year of 1986 are very useful.BackSeen from space,our school looks small.Seeing from space,we can see our school looks small.our schoolweBack 现在分词和过去

6、分词的用法区别现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：分词作定语时，如果分词分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。分词作定语时，分词作定语时，被分词所被分词所修饰的名词修饰的名词就是该分词的就是该分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语。但

7、。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动主动关系或关系或表示表示正在进行正在进行，而过去分词则表示，而过去分词则表示被动被动关系或关系或完成意义完成意义，1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 选选B。2.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first pl

8、ayed C.first played D.to be playing选选C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak选选B。分词作表语时，分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。它起着形容词的作用。分词作表语时，分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。现在分词作表语，辑主语。现在分词作表语，表示表示“（某事物）令（某事物）令人。人。”，而过去分词则而过去分词则表示表示“（某事物、人）某事物、人）是。的是。的”。另外，过去另外，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，分

9、词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态表示动作。而被动语态表示动作。1.This news sounds _.A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage 选选A。2.-How did Bob do in the exams this time?-Well,his father seems _ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please选选C。3.(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(2)The

10、library is now closed.分词在复合宾语中可分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。充或说明作用。分词作宾语补足语时，分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。时发生。1.The

11、next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lyingB.lie C.lay D.laying选选A。2.-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like to have the package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed选选D。3.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.sailing C.to sail D.to h

12、ave sailed选选B。4.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move选选B。分词作状语时，一般在句子分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。分词作状语时，句子的主语分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般

13、与句中谓语动词所表示的表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。时发生。1.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make选选A。2._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving n

14、ot C.Not having received D.Having not received选选C。3.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 选选D。4._ not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.To remindD.Having reminded 选选B

15、5.Unless _to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 选选A6.When first _to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced 选选B【注意注意】过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成构成“连词过去分词连词过去

16、分词”结构作状语结构作状语。7._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.DressedB.To dress C.DressingD.Having dressed选选A8._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose选选C【注意注意】有些过去分词因来源于有些过去分词因来源于系表结构系表结构，作状语时不，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：表被动而表

17、主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；（迷路）；seated（坐）；（坐）；hidden（躲）；（躲）；lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）；（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）。（厌烦）。01._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given02.Climbing mountains was _,so we all felt _.A.tiring;tired B.t

18、ired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired03.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following;following B.followed;followed C.following;followed D.followed;following04._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top o

19、f a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more magnificent.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen05.Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;taken C.looked;took D

20、.looking;taking 06.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home,but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing07._ better attention,the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining b

21、rightly in the sky and _ them light.A.Giving;given B.Given;given C.Giving;giving D.Given;giving08._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held09._，he still could not understand it.A.Told many ti

22、mes B.Having been told many timesC.He has been told many times D.Though he had been told many times10.On hearing the _ news,I was too _ to sleep.A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited 1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job.A.him to give up B.him to have giv

23、en up C.his giving up D.his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman.A.her marry B.her to marry C.her being married D.her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left.A.there being not B.there not being C.not there being D.there was not4.If you think a letter is

24、 too slow,why not _ a telegram?A.try to have sent B.trying to send C.to try to send D.try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today.A.in seeing B.to seeing C.of seeing D.about seeing 6.I know you like _.Would you like _ with me now?A.to swim,to swim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,to swim D.to swim,swi

25、mming7.Before _,the machine must be checked.A.being used B.using it C.being used to D.using 8.To give up _ means _.A.smoking,stopping smoking B.smoking,to stop smoking C.to smoke,to stop to smoke D.to smoke,stopping to smoke9.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time.A.to

26、read B.reading C.to be read D.being read 10.“What has made you so upset?”“_ my new bike.”A.Lost B.Because of losing C.Since I lost D.Losing 11.I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A.to take B.taking C.having taking D.having been taken 12.Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own coun

27、tries,but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.He remained _ there,for he grew _ in many things there.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.to stay,interest D.stayed,interested14.It is important for parents a

28、nd young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _.A.being understood B.to be understood C.understand D.understood15._ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings.A.To plant,pollute B.Planting,

29、to pollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting 16.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 17.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking18.“The light in the office is still on.”“Oh,I forgot _.”A

30、.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off19.“I must apologize for _ ahead of time.”“Thats all right.”A.letting you not know B.not letting you knowC.letting you know not D.letting not you know20.It happened _ when I left the station,so I had to wait until the rain stopped.A.to be raining B.to have rained C.to rain D.raining 人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读，古人说“书中自有黄金屋。”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识，培养逻辑思维能力；通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平，培养文学情趣；通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操，给我们巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我们前进。