英语国家概况美国经济课件.ppt

1、英语国家概况美国经济1The United States of America英语国家概况美国经济2 Chapter Chapter 1111EconomyThe United States The United States of Americaof America英语国家概况美国经济3Think about these questions before we start:What industrial developments took place during the colonial period of America?How did the Civil War affect the

2、American economy?Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Warming-up Activities Warming-up Activities 英语国家概况美国经济4ContentsContents History of American Economy Current American Economy General Introduction英语国家概况美国经济5 USthe current industrial,economic and technological giant ranking first in compu

3、ter technology,space technology,nuclear energy,and electronics,etc.;producing a major portion of the worlds machinery,automobiles,oil,electrical energy,and chemicals.Mixed economy emphasizing private ownership federal governmentregulating businesses anti-trust laws General IntroductionGeneral Introd

4、uction英语国家概况美国经济6 Private businesses produce most goods and services.Two thirds of the output goes to individuals;One third is bought by government and business.“Consumer economy”General IntroductionGeneral Introduction英语国家概况美国经济7 History of American Economy History of American EconomyThe Colonial P

5、eriod Since American IndependenceThe 20th Century 123英语国家概况美国经济81.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial Period Massachusettssettled by Pilgrims to escape religious persecution Other colonieslike Virginia and Pennsylvania,founded as business ventures contribution to Englands colonizing process of the wou

6、ld-be United States charter companies King provided a charter or grant conferring economic rights as well as political and judicial authority英语国家概况美国经济91.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial PeriodMayflower,the ship that carried the Pilgrims from England to Plymouth,Massachusetts,where they established

7、 the first permanent New England colony in 1620.英语国家概况美国经济101.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial PeriodvEnglish investors turned over colonial English investors turned over colonial charters to the settlers.charters to the settlers.enormous political implications Colonists were left to build their ow

8、n lives,communities,and economy,that is,to construct their new nation英语国家概况美国经济111.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial Period appearance of sawmills(锯木场)and gristmills(磨房)shipyardsbuilding fishing fleets and trading vessels small iron forges(冶炼厂)vSecondary industries(Secondary industries(二级产业二级产业)英语国家

9、概况美国经济12GristmillGristmillIron forgeIron forge1.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial Period英语国家概况美国经济13 Clear regional patterns of development by the 18th century:New Englandship-building and sailing;Maryland,Virginia,and Carolinastobacco,rice and indigo(靛蓝属植物);New York,Pennsylvania,New Jersey and Dela

10、wareshipped crops and furs;The field was open for entrepreneurs(企业家、创业者)among the colonists to establish themselves.1.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial Period英语国家概况美国经济14 Disputes over taxation and other matters with Britain:Americansmodification(减轻)of taxes and regulations;demand for more self-gove

11、rnment Mounting quarrelleading to war against the British and to independence for the colonies American Revolution:bolstered(支持、支撑)by an emerging middle class rallying cry“inalienable rights to life,liberty,and property”1.The Colonial Period1.The Colonial Period英语国家概况美国经济152.Since American Independe

12、nce 2.Since American Independence U.S.Constitution established the nation as a unified market.no tariffs or taxes on inter-state commerce;Federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix sta

13、ndards of weights and measures,establish post offices and roads,and fix rules governing patents(专利权、专利品)and copyrights.“intellectual property”英语国家概况美国经济16vAlexander Hamiltons Alexander Hamiltons economic development economic development strategystrategy2.Since American Independence 2.Since American

14、Independence nurture infant industries by providing overt subsidies(公开的补贴)impose protective tariffs(保护性关税)on imports create a national bank assume public debts Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury,a Founding Father,economist,and political philosopher.英语国家概况美国经济17

15、The new government did make tariffs an essential part of American foreign policy.President Jackson opposed to Hamiltons national bank.When elected for a second term,Jackson opposed renewing the banks charter.Businesses panicked in both 1834 and 1837.2.Since American Independence 2.Since American Ind

16、ependence 英语国家概况美国经济18 The Industrial Revolution nBy 1860,one third of the nations income came from manufacturing;nCotton cloth production was the leading industry;nUrbanized industrylimited to the Northeast;nImmigrant workers Between 1845 and 1855,some 300,000 European immigrants arrived annually.2

17、.Since American Independence 2.Since American Independence 英语国家概况美国经济19Urban IndustrializationTextile Plant2.Since American Independence 2.Since American Independence 英语国家概况美国经济20 The Southrural and dependent on the North for capital and manufactured goods Economic policy under President Lincoln:2.S

18、ince American Independence 2.Since American Independence nIn 1861,adoption of a protective tariffnIn 1862,the first Pacific railroad was chartered.nIn 1863 and 1864,a national bank code(银行代码)was drafted.英语国家概况美国经济21 Northern victory in the Civil Warensured the destiny of the nation and its economic

19、systemnslavery system was abolished,making southern cotton plantations less profitable;nNorthern industry surged ahead:Industrialists domination in social and political affairs Disappearance of the southern planter aristocracy(贵族)“Second industrial revolution”2.Since American Independence 2.Since Am

20、erican Independence 英语国家概况美国经济22“Second industrial revolution”an explosion of new discoveries and inventions:The discovery of oil;The development of typewriter;The invention of telephone,phonograph(速记法),and electric light;Refrigerated railroad cars came into use;Cars were replacing carriages and peo

21、ple were flying in airplanes by the dawn of the 20th century.2.Since American Independence 2.Since American Independence 英语国家概况美国经济233.The 20th Century3.The 20th Century Experienced a period of prosperity in the early 20th century Suffered Great Depression in the 1930snWall Street Crash in October 1

22、929 英语国家概况美国经济243.The 20th Century3.The 20th Century President Roosevelts New Deal(新政)intervention of the government ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people;prevent flagrant(公然公然的的)abuses of the system;Dampen(抑制抑制)the effects of inflation;stimulate growth.His New Dea

23、l was popular with the electorate(选民)and led to a successful reelection in 1936.英语国家概况美国经济25 Reagan Administrations new monetarist(货币主义者)policies in the early 1980s control over government spending deficits cutting taxes to enhance economic development raise of interest rates George H.W.Bushslow eco

24、nomic recession Clintoneconomic recovery Appearance of new tycoons(企业界或政界巨头)Bill Gates3.The 20th Century3.The 20th Century英语国家概况美国经济26II Current American EconomyII Current American EconomyAgriculture Agriculture 1ManufacturingManufacturing IndustryIndustry2Service IndustryService Industry3High-tech

25、IndustryHigh-tech Industry4Foreign TradeForeign Trade5英语国家概况美国经济271.Agriculture1.Agriculture Conditions for developing agriculture:vastness of the land generosity of nature rainfall,rivers and underground water allowing for irrigation where necessaryvAverage American Average American farm462 acres f

26、arm462 acres(187 hectares)(187 hectares)英语国家概况美国经济28 Success of agriculture large capital investments highly trained labor new methods for raising crops1.Agriculture1.AgriculturevModern farmingModern farming disease and drought resistant seeds fertilizers and pesticides space technology utilization英

27、语国家概况美国经济291.Agriculture1.AgricultureLets take a look at American farm scenery 英语国家概况美国经济30“Agribusiness”a variety of farm businesses and structures from small,one-family corporations to huge conglomerates（联合企业:由许多不同行业的公司组成的有不同经营范围的大企业）or multinational firms American farms low-cost output One-third

28、of crops for exportEurope,Asia,Africa and Latin America Agricultural imports lag far behind,leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade1.Agriculture1.Agriculture英语国家概况美国经济31 Farmersnot work on the farms full-time 45 percent with other occupations 240,000 tenant farmersrent land for cash o

29、r pay the owner a share of the crops they grow migrant workershired only for a specific chore Agriculture remains the foundation upon which American well-being and prosperity are based.1.Agriculture1.Agriculture英语国家概况美国经济322.Manufacturing Industry2.Manufacturing Industry Large manufacturing industri

30、es employing more than 24 million workers Highly developed military industry Auto companiesFord,General Motors and Chrysler Boeing Aircraft Companycommercial airliners Other industries:food,clothing,etc.America has formed an America has formed an industrial system with large industrial system with l

31、arge productivity.productivity.英语国家概况美国经济332.Manufacturing Industry2.Manufacturing Industry英语国家概况美国经济34Division of Manufacturing Activities Division of Manufacturing Activities The East North Centralnthe leading regionnover 25%of manufacturing capacitynmotor vehicles and other transportation equipme

32、nts,non-electrical machinery,and fabricated metals The Middle Atlantic regionnoccupying the second placenalmost 20%of the total value added nchemicals and machinery,both electrical and non-electrical The Pacific coast regionndominated by the manufacturing activities of Californianthe third place wit

33、h about 15%of the total value addednTransportation equipments,food products,and electrical and electronic equipments英语国家概况美国经济35 The South Atlantic regionnthe fourth leading region nover 10%of the total US manufacturing outputntextiles,chemicals,tobacco products,and apparel The West South Central an

34、d the East South Central regions nabout 15%of the total national outputnchemicals,food products,electrical and electronic equipments,and non-electrical machineryDivision of Manufacturing Activities Division of Manufacturing Activities 英语国家概况美国经济36 The West North Central,New England and the Mountain

35、states regionremaining 15%of the national output nNew Englandelectrical and non-electrical machinery,and fabricated metalsnThe West North Central statesmachinery and food productsnThe Mountain statesfood products,primary metals and non-electrical machineryDivision of Manufacturing Activities Divisio

36、n of Manufacturing Activities 英语国家概况美国经济373.Service Industry3.Service Industry Tremendous growth in employment in the service sector since the 1970s three categories:services for the affluentcommercial banking,life insurance,real estate and law services welfare serviceshealth care,education,governme

37、nt and social services services provided by the poorservices to buildings and dwellings,retail services英语国家概况美国经济383.Service Industry3.Service IndustryAdvanced service industry英语国家概况美国经济394.High-tech Industry4.High-tech Industry High-tech industries ranking first in the world More emphasis on space

38、technology,electronics,chemicals and computing Successful flight of the space shuttle Leading computer companies in the world Leading engineering and information technology英语国家概况美国经济404.High-tech Industry4.High-tech Industry美国计算机协会（Association of Computing Machinery，简称ACM）是一个国际性的科技教育组织，是世界上第一个科学性及教育

39、性计算机学会。ACM致力于提高信息技术在科学、艺术等各行各业的应用水平。英语国家概况美国经济415.Foreign Trade5.Foreign Trade US foreign trade plays a significant role in the economy Trade pattern:from domestic-oriented to internationally-oriented Reducing trade barriers(贸易壁垒)and coordinating the world economic system Promoting bilateral(双边的)and

40、 regional trade to enhance domestic stability and loyalty of allies英语国家概况美国经济42 Exportsabout 10%of the worlds total Most important products for export office machines,household appliances,chemicals,metal manufactures,petroleum products,etc.Ranking first in export of agricultural products Leading exp

41、orter of civil aircraft,service,technology and weapons5.Foreign Trade5.Foreign Trade英语国家概况美国经济43 Americabiggest percentage of imports in the world import capacity15%of the worlds total major products for importstin,nickel,etc.Industriesbuilt around a continuous supply of essential raw materials The

42、largest single-country provider of trade-related assistance5.Foreign Trade5.Foreign TradeGrowth and decline of the U.S.foreign trade volume determine the trend of the world economy.英语国家概况美国经济44Summary and ReflectionSummary and ReflectionRelate to what you have learned in Chapter 10,state your own un

43、derstanding of the following questions:How did the US Constitution lay groundwork for Americas economic development?Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in Americas economic development.How do you think about the relationship between the US economy and the global economy?英语国家概况美国经济45The United States of America英语国家概况美国经济46此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！