大学思辨英语教程精读1课件Unit15InterculturalCommunication.pptx

1、 Text AStumbling Blocks in Intercultural Communication(I)Laray M.BarnaLearningLearning ObjectivesObjectives Communicative Competence Critical ThinkingAutonomous Learning Intercultural Competence Communicative Competence Critical Thinking Comprehend and use language with accuracy,clarity and discernm

2、ent Develop a coherent and cohesive oral/written discourse Illustrate your points with appropriate examplesLearningLearning ObjectivesObjectives Assess the overall structure of the authors argumentation Identify and assess the materials the author uses to support her claims Evaluate the solutions pr

3、ovided by the author and propose alternative ones Intercultural Competence Autonomous Learning Reflect on your own intercultural communication experience Evaluate your own culture within a global context Develop an awareness of ethnocentrism and devalue it Be able to quiz yourself in various ways to

4、 check your achievement or progress Critically evaluate and validate information from the Internet Summarize what you have learned in the whole semesterLearningLearning ObjectivesObjectivesHave you had any experience of communicating with foreigners?If so,have you come across any communication barri

5、ers?Some of those barriers may be attributable to your limited English or your foreign friends limited Chinese,but many are not.How can you overcome those obstacles in interaction with people from other communities?LeaLead ind inThis unit aims to raise your awareness of intercultural communication c

6、ompetence.Text A suggests that besides language and non-verbal barriers,the assumption of similarity is a major obstacle in intercultural communication.Text B introduces another five obstacles and offers some principles to cope with them.Hopefully awareness of these obstacles will help you improve y

7、our own intercultural communication competence.LeaLead ind in1.About the Author LaRay M.Barna is an internationally acclaimed expert in intercultural communication.Academic interests:intercultural communication,contemporary leadership,and intercultural competence.Main contributions:Barna is well-kno

8、wn for her contribution to the understanding of barriers to intercultural communication.The text,from which Text A and Text B were taken,has been cited by 364 journal articles.Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge 2.Ethnocentrism Collins Definiton:The belief in the intrinsic superiority of the na

9、tion,culture,or group to which one belongs,often accompanied by feelings of dislike for other groups (民族优越感;民族中心主义)Another Possible Definition:The practice or tendency of making assumptions,many of which are false,about others ways of doing things,based on ones own limited experience.Background Know

10、ledgeBackground KnowledgeExamples:In Chinese,we have a variety of derogatory phrases reflecting ethnocentrism,such as 胡说,胡闹,蛮干,蛮横,胡搅蛮缠,etc.Most incredibly,the phrase 中国 in its archaic sense was also an example,where the ancient Chinese people assumed that their country was at the very center of the

11、world and surrounded by barbarians.In English,there are even more examples,particularly in English dictionaries,as observed by Phil Benson,who conducted research on the ethnocentric representation of China in English dictionaries.Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge3.Margaret MeadMargaret Mead(1

12、901-1978)is an American anthropologist.Contributions:She was most notable for her forays into such far-ranging topics as womens rights,child rearing,sexual morality,nuclear proliferation,race relations,drug abuse,population control,environmental pollution,and world hunger.Background KnowledgeBackgro

13、und KnowledgeContributions:As an anthropologist,Mead had been trained to think in terms of the interconnection of all aspects of human life.The production of food cannot be separated from ritual and belief,and politics cannot be separated from childrearing or art.This holistic understanding of human

14、 adaptation allowed Mead to speak out on a very wide range of issues.Background KnowledgeBackground KnowledgeShe affirmed the possibility of learning from other groups,above all by applying the knowledge she brought back from the field to issues of modern life.Thus,she insisted that human diversity

15、is a resource,not a handicap,that all human beings have the capacity to learn from and teach each other.Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge4.Culture ShockDefinition:An occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.(Oberg)First occurrence:Culture shock was first elabo

16、rated theoretically by Kalervo Oberg,although Cora DuBois had already used the phrase before him.Obergs article,cited by more than 2380 scholarly works,was much more influential.Background KnowledgeBackground KnowledgeSymptoms:Generally,they suffer from frustration,anxiety,although individuals diffe

17、r greatly in their symptoms,which may include excessive washing of the hands,excessive concern over drinking water,food,dishes,and bedding;.a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of ones own nationality;fits of anger over delays and other minor frustrations;dela

18、y and outright refusal to learn the language of the host country;excessive fear of being cheated,robbed,or injured;great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin;and finally,that terrible longing to be back home,.reject the environment which causes the discomfort.Background KnowledgeBackgr

19、ound KnowledgeText AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisEvaluation and ExplorationText Structure1.Text StructurePart Para(s).Main IdeaI1We need to examine the reasons for frustrations in intercultural communication.II 2 3 4The assumption of similarities is partly caused by peoples inclination in de

20、aling with differences.The assumption of similarities lends support from Darwinian theory on facial expressions.The assumption of similarities,a stumbling block,is partly based on biological commonality.ContinuedPart Para(s).Main IdeaIII 5Emotions are actually determined by peoples cultures.6 IV 7 8

21、 9 10We must treat each encounter as an individual case.Assumption of similarities and differences affects peoples attitude in intercultural practice.Assumption of similarities will put one in discomfort.Assumption of similarities keeps one from adjustment to local context.Assumption of similarities

22、 will also cause mis-understanding among people in the host country.Text AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisEvaluation and ExplorationText StructureContinuedPart Para(s).Main IdeaV11 12 13 14 Tensions exist where there is intensive cultural communication.Classroom discussion generates insights.In

23、tercultural classroom is also a place to understand nonverbal behavior in intercultural communication.Increased contact does not necessarily increase friendship and understanding.Text AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisEvaluation and ExplorationText StructureContinuedPart Para(s).Main IdeaV15 16

24、17 18Tensions,however,can be alleviated with expertise of intercultural communication.Secondhand knowledge of local peoples behavior and attitudes does not help.A better strategy is to study local culture,develop an investigative,nonjudgmental attitude,and a tolerance for ambiguity.The key lies in u

25、nderstanding the assumptions and values on which local peoples behavior rests.Text AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisEvaluation and ExplorationText StructureThe Thesis:The assumption of similarity keeps one from understanding people of other culture backgrounds and it should be addressed with a

26、variety of means in order to better intercultural communication.Text AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisEvaluation and ExplorationText StructureHow does the author start the whole article?whats the function of this way of writing?The author started the whole article by asking a question.This is a

27、 very effective way of starting an article,which may provoke the readers thinking and arouse their interests.Part I Comprehension CheckDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V1.fraught(Para.1,line 2):Adj.(1)with sth.,filled with sth.unpleasant 充满（不愉快事物）的 e.g.a situation fraught with ang

28、er/difficulty/problems (2)(especially BrE)causing or feeling worry and anxiety 焦虑的；忧虑的；担心的 SYN tense e.g.She looked/sounded fraught.There was a fraught silence.Part I Word StudyDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V2.scenario(Para.1,line 4):N(1)a description of how things might happen

29、 in the future 设想；可能的情况 e.g.Let me suggest a possible scenario.The worst-case scenario would be for the factory to be closed down.a nightmare scenario 最坏的可能 (2)a written outline of what happens in a film or play （电影或戏剧的）剧情梗概 SYN synopsis (3)a setting for a work of art or literature 场景Detailed Analys

30、is Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V3.take a hard look at(Para.1,line 6):VP think seriously about sth.认真审视，仔细考虑 e.g.If you take a hard look at your life,you may realize that youve already achieved most of your goals.4.proximity (Para.1,line 7):N (of sb./sth.)(to sb./sth.)(formal)the state of being

31、 near sb./sth.接近，邻近 e.g.a house in the proximity of the motorway The proximity of the college to London makes it very popular.Detailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart VTo many peoples surprise,it is not enough to have only good intention and the possibility of mutual benefit,and to use wh

32、at one considers to be a friendly approach to do away with intercultural misunderstandings.Good intentions,the use of what one considers to be a friendly approach and even the possibility of mutual benefits dont seem to be sufficientto many peoples surprise.(Para.1)Paraphrase the Sentence.Part I Sen

33、tence AnalysisDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart VIn Para.3,there is a statement“people are people”.What do you think it means?The statement people are people means there is similarity among people from different cultural background that allows them to understand each other.Part II

34、Comprehension Check Detailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V1.lure(Para.3,line 1):V(disapproving)to persuade or trick sb.to go somewhere or to do sth.by promising them a reward 劝诱；引诱；诱惑 e.g.They did not realize that they were being lured into a trap.N(1)a thing that is used to attract f

35、ish or animals,so that they can be caught 鱼饵；诱饵 (2)(usually sing.)the attractive qualities of sth.吸引力；诱惑力 e.g.Few can resist the lure of adventure.Part II Word StudyDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V 2.interfere(Para.4,line 2):V (1)(with sth.),something that interferes with a situ

36、ation,activity,or process has a damaging effect on it.妨碍 e.g.Smoking and drinking interfere with your bodys ability to process oxygen.I try not to let work interfere with my personal life.Detailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V (2)(in sth.),to get involved in and try to influence a sit

37、uation that does not concern you,in a way that annoys other people 干涉；干预；介入 e.g.I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions.The police are very unwilling to interfere in family problems.ContinuedDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V 3.contract(Para.4,line

38、 6):V(1)to become less or smaller;to make sth.become less or smaller 收缩，缩小 OPP expand e.g.Glass contracts as it cools.The exercise consists of stretching and contracting the leg muscles.(2)to make a legal agreement to work for sb.订立的合同 e.g.She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.N (with sb.),(bet

39、ween A and B),(for sth./to do sth.)an official written agreement 合同；合约；契约 e.g.to enter into/make/sign a contract withDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V1.One answer to the question of why misunderstanding and/or rejection occurs is that many people naively assume there are sufficie

40、nt similarities among peoples of the world to make communication easy.(Para.2)Translate the sentence.误解和误解和/或排斥发生的原因之一是许多人天真地认为，世或排斥发生的原因之一是许多人天真地认为，世界各地的民族之间有足够多的共同点，可以让沟通变轻松。界各地的民族之间有足够多的共同点，可以让沟通变轻松。Part II Sentence AnalysisDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V在交流方面，生物共性并不会产生多大帮助，

41、因为在交在交流方面，生物共性并不会产生多大帮助，因为在交流过程中，我们需要交换想法和信息，需要探索共同生流过程中，我们需要交换想法和信息，需要探索共同生活和共同工作的方法，或者需要给人留下某种我们希望活和共同工作的方法，或者需要给人留下某种我们希望产生的印象。产生的印象。2.The biological commonalities are not much help when it comes to communication,where we need to exchange ideas and information,find ways to live and work together,

42、or just make the kind of impression we want to make.(Para.2)Translate the sentence.Detailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart VThe idea that we are similar does not often make us expect that we can use the same verbal language,but it does make us less careful in making sense of nonverbal sy

43、mbols,signs,and signals.3.The assumption of similarity does not often extend to the expectation of a common verbal language but it does interfere with caution in decoding non-verbal symbols,signs,and signals.(Para.4)Paraphrase the sentence.Detailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart VIn Para

44、.6,the statement people are people appears again.What do you think it means here?What function does it serve,given the overall organization of the text?In Para.6,the statement suggests that people are all culture bound and culturally modified,the differences cause difficulties in peoples mutual unde

45、rstanding.It echoes the previous paragraphs,which express the opposite idea,and contributes to the cohesion of the article.Part III Comprehension CheckDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V1.upbringing(Para.5,line 1):N the way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave whi

46、le it is growing up 抚育；教养；培养 e.g.Martins upbringing shaped his whole life.He was a Catholic by upbringing.2.bring about(Para.5,line 3):VP To cause sth.to happen.引起 e.g.Interest-rate cuts have failed to bring about economic recovery.Part III Word StudyDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPa

47、rt V 3.encounter(Para.6,line 2):N(1)(with sb./sth.),(between A and B)a meeting,especially one that is sudden,unexpected or violent 邂逅；遭遇；冲突 e.g.a chance encounter 偶然相遇 close encounters=situations that could have been dangerous Three of them were killed in the subsequent encounter with the police.(2)

48、a sports match against a particular player or team 比赛，交锋 e.g.She has beaten her opponent in all of their previous encounters.Detailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart IIIPart IVPart V V (1)(formal)to meet sb.,or discover or experience sth.,especially sb./sth.new,unusual or unexpected 偶然碰到；邂逅 SYN come acr

49、oss e.g.She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered.(2)to experience sth.,especially sth.unpleasant or difficult 遭遇，遇到（尤指困难的事）SYN meet with,run into e.g.Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another.ContinuedDetailed Analysis Part I Part IIPart III

50、Part IVPart V4.sort out (Para.6,line 8):(1)arrange or order by classes or categories 整理 e.g.Could you sort out the toys that can be thrown away?(2)to solve the problem or organize the details 解决 e.g.India and Nepal have sorted out their trade and security dispute.(3)make free from confusion or ambig