英语名词性从句课件.pptx
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1、英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)英语句子概论 简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语(连系动词)谓语(连系动词)+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语(谓语(vi.)I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep t
2、he room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连
3、词常用并列连词:平行平行并列连词并列连词:转折转折并列连词:并列连词:因果因果并列连词并列连词:选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,bothand,not only but also,neithernorbut,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句 名词名词性从句性从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom.2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home.定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know(that)
4、he is from America.(宾语从句)宾语从句)名词名词性从句性从句-名词性从句1.概念概念2.主语从句主语从句3.宾语从句宾语从句4.表语从句表语从句5.同位语从句同位语从句6.名词性从句考点名词性从句考点7.名词性从句的做题方法名词性从句的做题方法8.典型热题典型热题9.挑战高考挑战高考1.名词性从句概念名词性从句概念His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day.I dont like his job.I dont like what h
5、e does every day.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句At lunch time,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surprised
6、me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.Predictive Clause(表语从句表语从句)Object Clause(宾语从句宾语从句)Subject Clause(主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause同位语从句同位语从句2.主语从句主语从句 The Subject Clause作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词连接词that,whether,i
7、f和连接代词和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接以及连接副词副词how,when,where,why等词引导。等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。1.That he will succeed is certain.2.Whether he will go there is not known.3.What he said is not true.4
8、.Where he hid the money is to be found out.5.Whoever comes is welcome.6.How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7.When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.It is certain that he will succ
9、eed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3)It 不及物动词不
10、及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4)It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说(5)Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知)众所周知)/a common saying(俗话说)(俗话说)thatWhere and when h
11、e was born has not been found.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此,建议建议,请求请求,命令等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气命令等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:,常用的句型有:It is necessary/important,natural,strange that It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that It is
12、 suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that宾语宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语成分(在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)They know that the habit will kill them.It all depends on whether they will support us.He asked how much I paid for the violin.that,whether,if (that 常可省略)常可省略)who,what,which,who
13、ever,whatever,when where why how3.宾语从句宾语从句 The Object clause (1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),I heard that he joined the army.(2)由由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,引导的宾语从句,She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。动词间接宾语宾语从句。She told me that s
14、he would accept my invitation.宾语从句宾语从句2-作介词的宾语,作介词的宾语,Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.Our teachers always tell us to believes in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.注意:注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxi
15、ous,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等。也可以将此类词后的等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。从句的看作原因状语从句。it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复
16、合宾语的句子中。I think it important to study English.宾语从句-it特殊的形式宾语“动词动词+it+宾语补足语宾语补足语+真正的宾语真正的宾语”这样的结构,这样的结构,但有些动词后只有形式宾语没有宾语补足语。常但有些动词后只有形式宾语没有宾语补足语。常见的有见的有 have,take,put,like,enjoy,hate,love,dislike,appreciate,prefer1)动词动词+it+that-从句从句I like it that you came.I take it(that)he will come on time.You can p
17、ut it that it was arranged before.2)动词动词+it+when(if)-从句从句I dislike it when you whistle.We really appreciate it when she offered to help.Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much.I hate it if you say such things in public.若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,主语为
18、第一人称等,主语为第一人称I/We,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。主要考查该种句式的主要考查该种句式的反义问句。反义问句。I dont think this dress fits you well.I dont think that you are right,arent you?1)that引导宾语从句时,引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。2)从句是并列句时)从句是并
19、列句时,第二个分句前的第二个分句前的that不可省,不可省,口诀:口诀:省省1不省不省2。3)that 做介词宾语不省略。做介词宾语不省略。4)在主在主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正宾语真正宾语)的句型的句型中不省略。中不省略。We must make it clear that we mean what we say.The teacher said(that)the passage was important and that we should learn it by heart.I know nothing about him except that
20、 he works in Paris.在demand,command,order,request,require,/suggest,advise,recommend/insist,desire,instruct等动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。口诀:5命令,3建议,1坚持,1渴望,1指导I ordered that she(should)do her work alone.特殊:suggest 暗示,insist:力言,强调说。His pale face suggested that he was ill.The smile on his face suggested th
21、at he had passed the examination.The old man insisted that he was a ghost.宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态;I know that he studies English every day.当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.4.表语从句表语从句 The Predicative Clause在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引
22、导表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大致一样,表的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。引导。其基本结构为:主语其基本结构为:主语+系动词系动词+that从句。从句。The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句的
23、一般结构是表语从句的一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从主语连系动词表语从句句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还常可省略。另外,常用的还有有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。等结构。1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we cant get the support of the peop
24、le.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.1)The fact is that we have lost the game.2)Thats just what I want.3)This is where our problem lies.4)That is why he didnt come to the meeting.5)It looks as if it is g
25、oing to rain.当主语是当主语是reason时,表语从句要用时,表语从句要用that引导而不引导而不是是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning表语从句3-虚拟语气 当句子的主语是:当句子的主语是:advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wi
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