空中防撞系统课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《空中防撞系统课件.ppt》由用户(晟晟文业)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 空中 系统 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、空中防撞系统空中防撞系统TCASContentsContentsv Introduction to TCASv Function of TCASv TCAS Aler Areav TCAS Informationv Principle of TCASv TCAS Componentsv TCAS Interfacev TCAS Signal formats v TCAS DisplayTCASTCAS概述概述v TCAS ITCAS I能够侦测上下能够侦测上下70007000至至1000010000呎,前后呎,前后1515至至4040海里,发现有航机海里,发现有航机接近时,会提前接近时,会提前
2、4040秒警告飞行员对方飞机的高度和位置。秒警告飞行员对方飞机的高度和位置。v 第二代空中防撞系统(第二代空中防撞系统(TCAS IITCAS II),是目前最被广泛使用的,会用声),是目前最被广泛使用的,会用声音及显示警告飞行员,称为音及显示警告飞行员,称为Resolution Advisory Resolution Advisory(RARA),并且会用),并且会用语音指示避撞的动作,例如:语音指示避撞的动作,例如:“ClimbClimb!ClimbClimb!ClimbClimb!”“”“DescendDescend!DescendDescend!DescendDescend!”。别架飞
3、机若有装。别架飞机若有装TCASTCAS,也会有相反的警告发,也会有相反的警告发出来。出来。v 第三代空中防撞系统(第三代空中防撞系统(TCAS IIITCAS III),除了有上下避撞措施之外,还增),除了有上下避撞措施之外,还增加左右避撞能力。加左右避撞能力。v HoneywellHoneywell公司是唯一一家生产所有类型公司是唯一一家生产所有类型TCASTCAS的制造商,超过一半的的制造商,超过一半的TCASTCAS产品都是出自该公司。产品都是出自该公司。v ICAO:the carriage of ACAS II has been mandatory worldwide ICAO:t
4、he carriage of ACAS II has been mandatory worldwide from 1-1-2005 for all civilian turbine-engined aircraft from 1-1-2005 for all civilian turbine-engined aircraft carrying more than 19 passengers or with the maximum take-carrying more than 19 passengers or with the maximum take-off mass more than 5
5、700 kgoff mass more than 5700 kgTCAS FunctionTCAS FunctionTCAS InformationTCAS Information 根据入侵机的相对距离和方位,以及威胁等级根据入侵机的相对距离和方位,以及威胁等级在在EHSI EHSI 或或EADIEADI上显示上显示视觉信息视觉信息:Others(其它):相对高度大于(其它):相对高度大于12001200英尺、小于英尺、小于27002700英尺,英尺,或距离在或距离在6 6海里以上。海里以上。Proximity(接近):相对高度等于或小于(接近):相对高度等于或小于12001200英尺,且距离
6、英尺,且距离在在6 6海里以内。海里以内。Traffic Advisory (交通咨询):系统判明的与本机存在潜在(交通咨询):系统判明的与本机存在潜在危险接近的飞机,危险接近的飞机,TCASTCAS会提前一定时间(会提前一定时间(20482048秒)发秒)发出交通咨询。音频出交通咨询。音频Resolution Advisory (决断咨询):在对已判明为交通咨询(决断咨询):在对已判明为交通咨询的飞机连续监视约的飞机连续监视约1515秒后,如果该机与本机危险接近的状秒后,如果该机与本机危险接近的状况仍然存在,则况仍然存在,则TCASTCAS会发出解脱咨询。会发出解脱咨询。TCAS Infor
7、mationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS Information语音信息语音信息 含义含义TRAFFIC,TRAFFIC 交通,交通交通,交通CLIMB,CLIMB 爬升,爬升爬升,爬升DESCEND,DESCEND 下降,下降下降,下
8、降INCREASE CLIMB INCREASE CLIMB 增大爬升,增大爬升增大爬升,增大爬升INCREASE DESCEND INCREASE DESCEND 增大下降,增大下降增大下降,增大下降CLIMB,CROSSING CLIMB CLIMB,CROSSING CLIMB 爬升,穿越爬升爬升,穿越爬升爬升,穿越爬升爬升,穿越爬升DESCEND,CROSSING DESCEND 下降,穿越下降下降,穿越下降 CLIMB,CLIMB NOW CLIMB,CLIMB NOW 爬升,现在爬升爬升,现在爬升爬升,现在爬升爬升,现在爬升DESCEND,DESCEND NOW DESCEND,D
9、ESCEND NOW 下降,现在下降下降,现在下降下降,现在下降下降,现在下降ADJUST VERTICAL SPEED,ADJUST 调节垂直速度,调节调节垂直速度,调节MORNITOR VERTICAL SPEED 监视垂直速度监视垂直速度MAINTAIN VERTICAL SPEED,MAINTAIN 保持垂直速度,保持保持垂直速度,保持MAINTAIN VERTICAL SPEEDCROSSING MAINTAIN 保持垂直速度保持垂直速度保持穿越保持穿越CLEAR OF CONFLICT 冲突解除冲突解除TCAS TEST TCAS 自检自检TCAS TEST OK TCAS自检通过
10、自检通过TCAS TEST FAIL TCAS自检失败自检失败TCAS InformationTCAS InformationTCAS Alert AreaTCAS Alert AreaTCAS Alert AreaTCAS Alert AreaTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTCAS Principlev Horizon
11、tal test:time to reach the Closest Point of Approach(CPA)(or DMOD distance if the closure rate is low)v Vertical test:time to reach co-altitude(or ZTHR if the aircraft are steady)v The TA/RA threshold values increase with the altitudev The bearing is not taken into account(only used for the display)
12、v The TA or RA is issued depending upon the relevant thresholdsv RA sense selection:objective of safe vertical distance ALIM,co-ordinationv If the intruder does not transmit its altitude,there will be no RATCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleILLUSTRATION OF THE HORIZONTAL TEST35 secondsIntruderTCASThe colli
13、sion avoidance criterion is a generally a time parameterTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleLOW CLOSURE RATEAir speedClosure rateAir speedIntruderTCASThe closure rate can be low even if the air speeds are high.TCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleVERTICAL TEST35 secondsIntruderTCASThe time remaining to co-altitude i
14、s compared to triggering time threshold(here 35 seconds)TCASIntruderZTHRZTHRIn case of steady aircraft,current vertical distance is compared to vertical threshold ZTHR(e.g.800ft)TCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleALERTS:TRAFFIC ADVISORYv Thresholds:horizontal:20 to 48 s(or DMOD=0.3 to 1.3 NM)vertical:20 to
15、 48 s(or ZTHR=850 or 1,200 ft)v Aural annunciation:Traffic,traffic”v Intruder:solid amber circlev Helps to the visual acquisition of the intruderv Prepares the crew for a possible RAv No maneuver should be made if there is no visual acquisitionv No associated phraseologyTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleA
16、LERTS:RESOLUTION ADVISORYv Thresholds:horizontal:15 to 35 s(or DMOD=0.2 to 1.1 NM)vertical:15 to 35 s(or ZTHR=600 to 800 ft)v Aural annunciations:climb,descend,increase climb,increase descent,monitor vertical speed,etcv Display of a range of vertical speeds or pitches to avoidv Objective:a safe vert
17、ical distance ALIM varying from 300 to 700 ftv An RA takes into account all existing threatsv The RA intensity is checked and revised,if necessary,every secondTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleTHRESHOLD VALUES FOR TCAS II V7.0TARAFL ou Z radiosondeSLTAU (s)DMOD (NM)ZTHR (ft)TAU(s)vtt*DMOD (NM)ZTHR (ft)ALI
18、M (ft)FL 4207481.3120035251.1800700FL2004207481.385035251.1700600FL100 2006451.085030220.8600400FL50 1005400.7585025200.556003502350ft FL504300.4885020180.356003001000 2350ft3250.3385015150.26003000 1000 ft2200.3850No RANo RANo RANo RA*vtt:vertical threshold test(processing of 1,000-ft level off geo
19、metries)TCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleRA SENSE SELECTIONThe downward sense will achieve ALIM,the upward sense will not.The downward option is therefore selectedTCASThreatCPAdownwardupwardALIMALIMTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleRA WITHOUT ALTITUDE CROSSINGBoth downward and upward senses will achieve ALIM.T
20、he upward sense is selected because it prevents the TCAS aircraft from crossing through the intruders altitudeCPAClimb RAissuedTCASThreatALIMALIMTCAS PrincipleTCAS PrincipleRA WITH ALTITUDE CROSSING The upward sense is not sufficient to achieve ALIM.The downward sense(Crossing descent here)RA is cho
21、osen,however it is really issued only when the current vertical separation is less than 600 ft(intruder steady)or 850 ft(intruder evoluting toward the own aircraft).All these cases are rare.ALIMCPAALIMCrossing RAissuedTCASThreat600 ftif 1000 ft level-off,then no Crossing RA TCAS PrincipleTCAS Princi
展开阅读全文