考研英语完形填空深度解析课件.ppt

1、考研完形填空题解析考研完形填空题解析（一）完形填空考查要求（一）完形填空考查要求（二）完形填空题型解析（二）完形填空题型解析（三）完形填空题型辨识及复习方法（三）完形填空题型辨识及复习方法（四）完形填空解题程序和方法（四）完形填空解题程序和方法（一）完形填空考查要求（一）完形填空考查要求?考查形式要求考查形式要求1）2002年完形填空完形填空（cloze）正式更名为英语知识应用英语知识应用（use of English）；共20题，每小题0.5分；2）文章篇幅240-280词，挖空密度为平均4-15词；3）解题时间大约是15-18分钟；?考查技能要求考查技能要求?1）语言知识运用要求：词汇词汇

2、：从给定的80个单词中选出20个填入文章语法语法：区分各类语法成分和修饰限定关系语段特征语段特征：对文章逻辑关系的把握和整体性、一致性的理解?2）2015年考研大纲样题由之前的2005年真题替换为2012年真题：文章体裁类型的多样化，由主要的科普类文章过渡到科技类、社会伦理文章比重的均衡。（二）完型填空题型解析（二）完型填空题型解析1.完型填空的命题思路分析完型填空的命题思路分析完型填空的命题形式?完型填空的基本命题形式是给考生一篇短文（按照新大纲的规定在240-280240-280字字左右），出题者有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后去除一处词语，形成总共2020处词语空缺处词语空缺，然后在相应的

3、空缺处设置（包括三个干扰项在内）的四个备选答案，需要考生从四选中选出一个最佳（the best）的答案。基本解题思路:通过已知“猜”未知2.完型文章的布局和结构特点完型文章的布局和结构特点?总体特点 主线控制全文的文章完型文章一般都有明确的中心主线完型文章往往采用总分对照结构?参照真题2000，2001真题例示?完型文章布局和结构上这两个核心的特点也决定了完型文章往往表现出以下的文章外在规律文章外在规律：紧扣主题（无关词排除法）内在一致（同现结构）前后呼应 （复现结构）（三）完形填空题型辨识及复习方法（三）完形填空题型辨识及复习方法1.完形填空的题型辨识完形填空的题型辨识?词义辨析题：词义辨析

4、题：?固定搭配：固定搭配：?逻辑关系：逻辑关系：1 1）词义辨析题：）词义辨析题：?70%70%的考题都是词义辨析的考题都是词义辨析（包括名词、动词、形容词、副词以及连词）?单纯近义词辨析题目越来越少，多数题目 结合逻辑结合逻辑关系关系题目考查解题方法解题方法：?首先，给定的四个选项已经大致给出了题目所需要的选择方向?其次，根据文章已知信息来确定答案具体所需项目【真题演练真题演练】：名词辨析：名词辨析：2007年完形1 By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguesecolonies had become independent nations.The rou

5、ghly 20million _1_ of these nations looked hopefully to the future.?A natives?C peoplesB inhabitantsD individuals动词辨析：动词辨析：2006年完形 Estimates range anywhere from 600,000to 3 million.Although the figure may vary,analysts doagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomeless is _8_.A inflatingC increasingB

6、 expandingD extending形容词辨析：形容词辨析：2005年完形 Some people find that they can smell onetype of flower but not another,whereas others aresensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may bebecause some people do not have the genes necessaryto generate _10_ smell receptors in the nose.?A unusual?C uniqueB pa

7、rticularD typical2 2）固定搭配：）固定搭配：通常以介词辨析或者短语搭配的方式出题 解题方法：?首先，了解常用代词的基本含义和使用方法?其次，短语题目的复现率高，积累真题中出现过的短语搭配?参考常考介词总结【真题演练真题演练】：介词辨析：介词辨析：（2010年完形10）A(n)awareness that they were being experimentedupon seemed to be enough to alter workers behavior10 itself.A aboutB forC onD by介词辨析：介词辨析：（2012年英语二完形）Althoug

8、h electronic means of payment may be more efficientthan a payments system based on paper,several factors work6 the disappearance of the paper system.A forB againstC withD on短语搭配：短语搭配：（2010年英语二完形）Butitwas still possible to vaccinatepeople in other high-risk group:health care workers,people_20_infants

9、 and healthy young people.A involved inB caring forC concerned withD warding off3 3）逻辑关系：）逻辑关系：?大纲规定“从上下文的角度来考虑”以及“运用逻辑关系推理”?可以帮助理解文章，推测选项；?复习方法：首先，理解五大逻辑关系的核心特征；其次，背诵相关的逻辑连词、副词。【逻辑关系连接词总结逻辑关系连接词总结】转折：转折：but/however/yet/nevertheless/nonetheless/unfortunately/in fact并列：并列：and/or/as well as/andas well

10、/notonlybut also/bothand/neithernor/inparallel with/similarly/eitheror【真题演练真题演练】：（2003年完形23）?Growing bodies need movement and _23_,but notjust in ways that emphasize competition.A care B nutrition C exercise D leisure对比：对比：whereas/while/in contrast/on the contrary【真题演练真题演练】：（2005年完形9）Strangely,some

11、people find that they can smell one type offlower but not another,_9_ others are sensitive to the smellsof both flowers.A whenB sinceC forD whereas因果因果：?because/owing to/due to/attribute to/for this reason/on account of/considering that/given that/so(that)/thus/hence/therefore/account for/accordingl

12、y【真题演练真题演练】：（2013年英语二13）The writer of the check can earn interest on the funds inthe meantime._13_ electronic payments are immediate;they eliminate the consumer chance for interest.A Unless B Until C Because D Though总分：总分：generally/sumup/all in all/in short/in brief/on the whole/for example(instance

13、)/such as/like/take sth as anexample【真题演练真题演练】：(2005年完形20）The brain findsitbest to keep smell receptors available forunfamiliar and emergency signals _20_ the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.A similar to B such as C along withD aside from（四）完形填空解题程序和方法（四）完形填空解题程序和方法?完型填空科学的解题程

14、序完型填空科学的解题程序 三步法三步法?第一步：整体通读（PREVIEW）-目标：掌握整篇文章的中心主线，即文章的主题（FOCUS）+文章的导向或者作者的态度倾向，通过整体通读建立起考生对文章的整体把握；?第二步：具体解题 填空分类分析、应用十二种具体方法；?第三步：核查检验（REVIEW）?总体解题理论总体解题理论 细化为具体的、可操作的解题方法细化为具体的、可操作的解题方法（根据相关已知信息（提示线索）定位分析法）（根据相关已知信息（提示线索）定位分析法）?通过定位、查找与每一个具体未知填空所有相关联的已知信息?通过对定位出来的这些相关联的已知信息点的分析总结?从而在4个选项中定位出未知填

15、空的答案相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律与未知填空相关联的已知信息点一般分布在文章的三个层次：1 1.句子内部之中句子内部之中2.2.上下句之中上下句之中3.3.整个意群、段落、文章的结构之中整个意群、段落、文章的结构之中相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律?1 1、句子内部之中、句子内部之中?每个具体的未知填空都是处于一个具体的句子之中，因此与这个未知填空相关联的已知信息往往处在这个句子之中，也就是说这个未知填空的附近左右：例题：2011年考研英语完型试题的8题“studies dating back to the

16、1930s indicate thatlaughter_8_ muscles,decreasing muscle tonefor up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.”Ahardens Bweakens CtightensDrelaxes2 2、上下句之中、上下句之中?由于完型文章的上下文之间往往有着明显的逻辑关系，因此一些与这个未知填空相关联已知信息也会分布在该未知填空所在的句子的上下句之中：例题：2011年考研英语完型试题的1/2题“AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughter as“a bo

17、dily exercise precious to health.”But _1_some claims to the contrary,laughingprobably has little influence on physical fitness.Laughter does _2_short-term changes in thefunction of the heart and its blood vessels”?1.Aamong2.AreflectBexceptBdemandCdespiteCindicateDlikeDproduce3 3、整个意群、段落、文章的结构之中、整个意群

18、、段落、文章的结构之中除了看未知填空所在的句子、其所在句子的上下句之外，还有一些相关联已知信息需要从填空所处的整个意群、段落、文章的结构和文章的核心中心主线所包含的信息中去查找：例题：2002年考研英语完型试题的21题Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe 20th century and the diffusionofprintinginthe15th and 16th centuries.Yet much had happened21.As wasdiscussed before,itwas not until

19、the 19th century that thenewspaper became the dominant pre-electronic(23),followinginthe wakeofthe pamphlet and the book andinthe(24)oftheperiodical.Itwas during the same time that the communicationsrevolution(25)up21.AbetweenBbefore Csince Dlater?破解完型的十二种标准方法破解完型的十二种标准方法（完型的十二种标准填空）（完型的十二种标准填空）“英语知

20、识运用”（完型填空）本部分主要考察考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考察考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。这种题型旨在测试考生运用所学过的语法知识和词汇以考研辅导及通过上下文的逻辑关系等，进行综合填空的能力，要求考生既要有扎实的语法知识基础和丰富的词汇量，又要有较强的阅读能力。考生在这一部分进行解题时，必须灵活运用自己所掌握的所有英语知识，并且能够融会贯通。细化出的细化出的“完型的十二种具体解题方法完型的十二种具体解题方法”从词性的角度从词性的角度1、动词从题型的角度从题型的角度5、无关词排除 9、总分结构法法6、同现结构法10、对应成

21、分分析法7、复现结构法11、时间、数字线索法2、形容词3、副词4、名词8、关联结构法12、逻辑关系定位法题型一题型一:逻辑关系定位法的题逻辑关系定位法的题?theywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology,20the benefit.D but20.A except B nor C or?Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapers seeking to buy up people involvedinprominentcases31the trial of Rosemary We

22、st.31 Aas toCin particularBfor instanceDsuch as题型二题型二:动词动词?but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative functionof the brain.42.(A)intended (B)required(C)assumed (D)inferred标准填空题型三标准填空题型三:形容词形容词?The governmentisto ban payments to witnesses bynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominent cases 3

23、1 the trial of Rosemary West.?In a significant32of legal controls over the press.Lord Irvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce a33bill that will propose making payments to witnesses34.33Asketch Brough Cpreliminary Ddraft34Aillogical Billegal Cimprobable Dimproper标准填空题型四标准填空题型四:无关词排除法无关词排除法?In a sig

24、nificant32oflegal controls over the press.Lord33bill that willIrvine,the Lord Chancellor,will introduce apropose making payments to witnessescontrol the amountofa trial begins.3534and will strictly36that can be given to a case?35Apublicity Bpenalty Cpopularity Dpeculiarity标准填空题型五标准填空题型五:对应成分分析法对应成分分

25、析法（1）应用于句子内部?Misunderstanding is often 41but sometimes serious.?A.fillingB.surprising C.anxious D.amusing（2）应用于上下句之间?enough vitamins is essential to life,although thebody has no nutritional use for49vitamins.?(A)exceptional(B)exceeding(C)excess(D)external标准填空题型六标准填空题型六:关联结构法关联结构法例题：1999年完型真题的42题Comp

26、anies with low accident rates plan their safety programs,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them42and active.AaliveBvivid Cmobile D diverse标准填空题型七标准填空题型七:总分结构对照法总分结构对照法“Successful safety programs may 45 greatlyinthe emphasisplaced on certain aspectsofthe program.Some place great

27、emphasis on mechanical guarding.Others stress safe workpractices by（46 observing）rules or regulations.（47 Still）others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker.But,thereare certain basic ideas that must be usedinevery programifmaximum results are to be obtained.”Aalter BdifferC shift D distinguis

28、h?例如：2000年完型试题的47题“Ifno surplusisavailable,a farmer cannot be47.Hemust either sell someofhis property or(48 seek)extra fundsinformofloans.Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low(49rate)of interest,but loansofthis kind are not 50 obtainable.”Aself-confidentBself-sufficientCself-satisfiedDself-

29、restrained标准填空题型八标准填空题型八:同现结构法同现结构法（与主旨导向一致解题法）（与主旨导向一致解题法）例题：1995年真题43题“Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep,characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming,andlonger periods of non-REM sleep.（41 Neither）kind ofsleep is at all well-understood,but REM sleep is 42 to servesome resto

30、rative function of the brain.The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43.”(A)subtle(B)obvious(C)mysterious(D)doubtful标准填空题型九标准填空题型九:复现结构法复现结构法例题：1995年真题的45题Sleepisdivided into periodsofso-called REM sleep,characterized byrapid eye movements and dreaming,and longer periodsofnon-REMsleep.41 kindofsle

31、epis atall well-understood,but REM sleepis42 toserve some restorative functionofthe brain.The purposeofnon-REMsleepiseven more43.The new experiments,such as these 44for the firsttime at a recent meetingofthe Society for Sleep ResearchinMinneapolis,suggest fascinating explanations 45ofnon-REM sleep.4

32、5.(A)in the light(B)by virtue(C)with the exception(D)for the purposeThe ethical judgmentsofthe Supreme Court justices have becomean important issue recently.The court cannot _1 maintain_ itslegitimacy as guardianofthe ruleoflaw _2 when_ justices behavelike politicians.Yet,in several instances,justic

33、es acted in ways that_3 _ the courtsreputation for beingindependent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political events.That kindofactivity makesitless likely that the courts decisionswill be _4_ as impartial judgments.3.ArestoredBweakenedCestablishedD eliminated?标准填空题型十标准填

34、空题型十:时间、数字线索法时间、数字线索法?例题：2002年完型试题的第30题?“It isgenerally recognized,(29 however),that the introductionofthe computerinthe early 20th century,30 by the inventionoftheintegrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process”?AbroughtBfollowed Cstimulated Dcharacterized?例题：例题：1998年完型试题的年完型试题的43题题“But they insisted that its（指工业革命）43 results during theperiod from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the44ofthe English population.43.A)momentary B)prompt C)instant D)immediate