上课代词课件共37p(同名31).ppt

1、 Categories How to use them Function Pronoun(I)PersonalPossessive Reciprocal Reflexive Demonstrative InterrogativeRelativeIndefiniteMany,muchEach other,one another pronounNumber(数）Gender（性）Person（人称）Antecedent(先行项）The speaker:the first personThe one spoken to:the second person the man or thing spoke

2、n about:the third person the referential meaning of the pronounPronoun concord in number Professor Smith and I went to the States together._ stayed there for three weeks.One must remember to remain very still when _ attends a concert.Wehe/one 1.with every-,some-,any-,no one,no-compounds as anteceden

3、t Anybody can attend the meeting if _ is interested.Everybody talked at the top of _ voice.If anyone calls,tell _ Ill be back later.Anything on the table can be thrown away,cant _?hehishisitsingularInformal:plural 2.Pronoun concord with coordinate construction as antecedent My friend and roommate _(

4、have)agreed to lend me _ car.My friend and my roommate _（have)agreed to lend me _ car.hashishavetheir By the plural or singular meaning of the coordination 3.Pronoun concord with collective noun as antecedent The team has won _ first game.The team are now on the floor taking _ practice shots at the

5、basket.itstheir 4.Pronoun concord with plural noun/pronoun+each as antecedent They each had _ problems.They had each _ own problem.their his the position of each:Before verb:the pluralAfter the verb:the singular Exercise Somebody left(his,their）raincoat on this rack;(he,they)will have to come and ge

6、t it.Because the United States uses more oil than(it,they)can produce,(it has to,they have to)import great quantities from other countries.The committee wishes to reconsider(its,their)decision.Something strange happened,didnt(it,they)?Neither the President nor the members of the cabinet willl reveal

7、(his,their)plans.Pronoun concord in gender gendermasculineFeminine Neuter Common lexicalMan,father,son,husbandwoman,mother,daughter,wifeBook,desk,ship,carStudent,teacher,doctor,infant,patient,lawyer,speaker Please write down it corresponding words of masculine or feminine gender.God King Host Master

8、 Lion Hero Cow Cock Witch PrinceNephew Actor DukeTutor Gentlemanwasherman goddessmistressqueenhostesshenheroine bullwizardnieceprincessactresslionessduchessgovernessladywasherwoman When used in the singular for generic reference,these nouns are generally referred to as he.E.g.An instructor should of

9、fer his students challenging projects.Instructors should offer their students challenging projects An instructors should offer his or her students challenging projects When the speaker doesnt know or is not interested in the sex of the baby or infant,he may use neutral it.There is a baby in the pram

10、.Why,its crying.(Somebody is knocking at the door).Who is it?Summary of the it useCorrect errors,if any,in the following sentences.nThe furniture is theirs but the house is ours.nIve bought several paintings of him.nNo one but himself really understands him.nI saw his waving a flag in the crowd.nThe

11、 reward was divided among us three,George,Tom and I.nYou probably know to who I am referring.nI cant tolerate such man as he.nJohns father approved of he staying in China for another year.nIf one doesnt want to get lost in the mountains,you must have a guide.nThey deferred him going home on vacation

12、 until next week.Pronoun IICase Forms（代词的格（代词的格）Subjective caseobjective caseGenitive caseNominal genitive pronoundeterminative genitive pronounGenitive nounThe twins are bored.They find nothing which interests them.Their vacation is fast becoming a disaster.1.Choice between subjective and objective

13、 casea.In informal style,when a personal pronoun functions as the subject of a minor sentences that stands without a predicate or with only a nonfinite verb as the predicator,the pronoun usually occurs in the objective rather than subjective case.e.g.Anyone knows Toms address?-Me.-You give him a cal

14、l right now.Why me?What!Me angry!Surely,its him with the red nose you mean,not me.Id like to go back in here.Me too.I dont like horror movies.Me neither.I dont have any money right now.Me either.Im glad its Friday.Us too!I dont feel like going out this evening.-.A.Me tooB.Me alsoC.Me otherD.Me neith

15、er.b.In comparative clauses,in informal style,a personal pronoun may appear in the objective case even if acting as the subject of a comparative clause,especially when the pronoun is followed by such items as all/both as appositive.E.g.He isnt as smart as he was.I trust you as much as her.You are mu

16、ch cleverer than her.He is cleverer than us all.She is as tall as him.She is taller than them both.c.When the subject of a sentence is the construction of“everybody/nobody+but/except+personal pronoun,Nobody but she can solve our problems.Everybody except he agreed to our proposal.Nobody can solve ou

17、r problems but her.Everybody agreed to our proposal except him.I interviewed everybody but him.Objective caseBoth objective And subjectivecase2.Choice between objective and genitive case I dont mind her changing their minds.I want to avoid his thinking that I dont want to help.a.When an ing particip

18、le clause with a personal pronoun as its own subject functions as the object of the main clause,the pronoun usually occurs in the genitive case.I told them about your/you resigning from office.I am surprised at his/him making that mistake.Only taking the genitive form He doesnt deny his breaking the

19、 agreement.My failure to complete the task deferred my going on a holiday.a.If the ing participle clause is preceded by such predicate verbs as defer,deny and postpone b.If the ing participle clause acts as the subject of the main clause,the pronoun can only take the genitive form.Her driving off so

20、 abruptly was most unfortunate.His refusing to accept the invitation is really surprising.A.In an SVOC construction,where the object is realized by a personal pronoun,and the object complement by an ing participle,The pronoun only taking the objective form I saw him falling down into the river.They

21、caught her cheating on the exam.B.When an infinitive clause with a personal pronoun as its subject functions as the object of the main clause,Everyone wanted him to be the leader of the movement.They advised me to reconsider my decision.Reflexive Pronoun As appositive As prepositional complement As

22、object Other uses of reflexivesAs appositive 1)as appositive of the subject The manager will interview Lucy .2)as appositive of the other parts I spoke to the president .himselfhimselfHimself,himself I like the diamond but not the setting.itselfAs prepositional complementation She was worried about

23、herself not about you.I have nothing to say for myself.The old man lives by himself.This machine works by itself.The enemy will not perish of himself.This matter is between ourselves.Anyone/no one but+reflexive the first and second person Anyone but yourself would have noticed the change.Nobody but

24、myself noticed the change.Nobody but himself speaks French here.heAs object Verb+reflexive+adv.Verb+reflexive+preposition idioms E.g.You must pull yourself together.She prides herself on having a glorious past.He absented himself from the meeting.I dont make a show of myself before strangers.Dont ma

25、ke a pig of yourself.She should have kicked herself for committing such a mistake.Please identify the objects in the following sentences.She made herself a fine dress.I promise myself a fruitful discussion with you.The youth promised himself a rapid progress.He talked himself hoarse.They quarrelled

26、themselves red in the face.He drank himself under the table.The sky has rained itself out.Other uses of reflexive Frank is not quite himself today.The girl will be herself in no time.Now I feel quite myself.Herself is the cause of the difficulty.Pat and myself are writing a novel.She herself is the

27、cause of the difficulty.Pat and I myself are writing a novel.Correct errors,if any,in the following sentences.1.She has nothing to say for her.2.We were beside us with joy.3.He always conducts him like a scholar.4.The sky has rained it out.5.Jane and himself cooperated on a new book.6.No one but her

28、self knows Russian.7.Make you at home,and help you to more fish,please.8.Myself drove the car.Generic use of personal pronoun Some personal pronouns can also be used to refer to people in general or to a class of things.oneweyouthey formal style informal style people in general including both the sp

29、eaker and the hearer e.g.One should not overwork oneself.One can only do ones best.If one wants to see the ruins,he must find his own guide.Pronoun Reference Anaphoric reference后照应cataphoric reference前照应Situational reference语境照应Anna told lucy that Ruth was leaving,but she didnt believe her.When he w

30、as at college,Alex was a great Friend of mine.(Pointing to the childrens bedroom),Are they asleep?Something or somebody indicated by a situation in which the utterance is given.Pronoun Reference代词照应Personal Demonstative This/theseThat/those 1.that和those可替代前面出现的名词以避免重复，而this和these不能。如：The weather of

31、Guangzhou is better than that of Beijing.The books here are more interesting than those on the desk.2.指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。如：How to deal with it,that/this is the question.This is the question,how to deal with it.3.that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能；其中those可指人，但that不能。如：He admired th

32、at which looked beautiful.He admired those which looked beautiful.He admired those who looked beautiful.4.this,these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that,those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。5.打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方是谁，不用I或you。如：Whos that?This is Mary speaking When one has good health,-should feel fortunate.(2019)a.Y

33、ou b.they c.hed.we The following are all correct responses to“who told the news to the teacher?”except-.(2019)A.Jim did this.B.Jim did so.C.Jim did that.D Jim did.AC1)none既可指人也可指物，常暗示一定范围，因此通常与表范围的of短语连用；而no one(=nobody)只能指人，不能与of短语连用。如：None of that money on the table is mine.None of us enjoy gettin

34、g up early.No one(=Nobody)knows about it.none与no one/nobody的三点区别 2)none与数量有关，可回答how many，表示“一个也没有”；而no one表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who。如：How many people are there in that room?None.Who was late today?No one.3)none用于下列短语中：have none of不接受(not accept)；none but只有(only)；none other than正是；正是；second to none首屈一指的(the

35、best)；none the一点也不(用在比较级前)；none too不太(not very)。Such 1)determiner such修饰单数名词时，放于不定冠词a(an)之前，若名词前有one，no，any，some，all,many等修饰时，such放在这些修饰词之后。E.g.Hes such a man.One such table is enough.There is no such thing.Such+a(an)+noun2)pron.such位于句首时，句子须倒装，谓语动词的单复数根据其后的名词决定。Such food as they gave us was warm an

36、d nutritious.Such is my hope for the future.Such were the facts.三、在suchthat，suchas句型中，如从句不缺少句子成分，用that引导，表示“如此以至于”；如从句中缺少句子成分，用as引导，表示“像一样的”“像”。He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.She is such a good teacher just as we expect.Such as to Such that 1.Its necessary for _ students to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.A.usB.we C.our D.ours2.The boss wants _ girls to go to the airport to pick up the companys guests.A.you B.yourC.yoursD.yourself3.Whose telephone rang?_A.Me wasB.Me didC.Mine wasD.Mine didAAD