Unit 5 Reading and Thinking 课文译文及知识点总结 （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Book1 Unit5Readingand ThinkinggA Pioneer for All People造福全人类的开拓者造福全人类的开拓者Para1 Yuan Longping,known as the“father of hybrid rice”,is one of Chinas most famous scientists.Yet,he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.Indeed,his slim but strong body is just lik

2、e that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.A Pioneer for All PeopleA Pioneer for All People1.known as the“father of hybrid rice”过去分词作非限制性定语。2.work the land 耕种土地work vt 管理，经营（以获利）3.slim adj 纤细的，苗条的；微博的，不足的，少的Para2 Yuan Longping,known as the“father of hybrid rice”,is one of

3、Chinas most famous scientists.Yet,he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.被誉为被誉为“杂交水稻之父杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他把自己看作是一位农民，

4、因为在研究过程中他不断耕然而，他把自己看作是一位农民，因为在研究过程中他不断耕耘土地。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千耘土地。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。千万万的中国农民无异。Para1:Yuan considered himself a farmer。通过fatehr of hybrid rice,one of Chinas most famous scientists,work the land,slim but strong等表达，介绍了袁隆平的身份、所从事的研究及巨大成就、外貌特征。1devote vt.to give most o

5、f your time,energy,attention,etc.to sb/sth 把把献献(给给)；把；把专用于；专心于专用于；专心于If you have a job,do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild homes.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.devote oneself to 献身于；致

6、力于；专心于献身于；致力于；专心于If you have a job,do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed.词汇拓展词汇拓展devoted adj 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Her son,to whom she was so devoted,went abroad ten years ago.devote.to.把.用于；献身；致力；专心be devoted to 专心于；致力于devote oneself to 致力于，献身于devote ones life/time/energy/attenti

7、on to.把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力.devotion n 献身；忠诚；热爱，专心用法总结用法总结一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。devotedevotePara 2 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had

8、poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.1.pursue vt to do sth or try to achieve sth over a period of time 追求；致力于；执行；贯彻to pursue a goal/an aim追求目

9、标；实现目标2.poor harvests 歉收 good harvest 丰收3.a shortage of 缺乏-4.tackle:to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation 应付，处理，解决（难题或局面）近义：deal with5.crisis（pl crises）危机；危机关头Para2 Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or m

10、edicine.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.To tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.袁隆平袁隆平19301930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学职年

11、出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学职业，然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严业，然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重的食物短缺。为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。重庆的西南农学院接受教育。Para 2:Yuan decided to study agriculture.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a seriou

12、s shortage of food to eat.然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。短缺。1.concern vt If you concern yourself with something,you give it attention because you think that it is important.关心eg:I didnt concern myself with politics.我不关心政治。ADJ concerned 关心的 The agency is more concerned w

13、ith making arty ads than understanding its clients businesses.这家代理商更关心制作附庸风雅的广告而不是理解其客户的生意。However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。短缺。2.Shortage:a si

14、tuation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed 不足；缺少；短缺 a shortage of funds 资金不足There is no shortage of(There are plenty of)things to do in the town.城里不愁找不到活儿干。The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.在树木缺水最严重的地区，大树的损失

15、最大。(1)food/water/housing shortages食物/用水/住房短缺shortage of缺乏(2)short adj.不足的；缺乏的be short of 缺乏，不足(3)short adj 简略的；缩写的be short for sth 是.缩写用法总结用法总结牛刀小试牛刀小试单句语法填空In the developed countries,there is a great _(short)of labour/workforce.完成句子谈到改善孩子教育的问题，大家都想法多多。Theres no _ ideas when it comes to improving th

16、e education of children.shortageshortage ofTo tackle this crisis,he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。crisis n.(pl.crises)危机，危急关头This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis,but she actua

17、lly wasnt the only one.这个陌生人对我的这个小小的危机回应得很好，但她实际上并不是唯一的一个。Oil shortages have brought on an energy crisis.石油短缺已经造成了能源危机。solve a crisis化解危机be at a crisis point处于危急关头be in crisis危机中in times of crisis在危急时刻用法总结用法总结牛刀小试牛刀小试完成句子I think Paul and Lucinda are _(处于危急时刻)in their marriage._(在危急时刻)you find out wh

18、o your real friends are.Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the _(经济危机).at a crisis pointIn times of crisiseconomic crisisPara3 After graduating in1953,he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the

19、fields they had.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than

20、conventional crops.1.work as 从事-职业，做-工作2.boost vt to make sth increase,or become better or more successful 使增长；使兴旺to boost sbs confidence/morale 增强某人的信心士气3.yield n 产量；产出boost yields 增加产量vi 屈服；让步 yield to 屈从于某物/某人4.characteristic n 特征；特点；品质5.conventional adj 传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循习俗的conventional methods 传统

21、方法Para3After graduating in1953,he worked as a researcher.Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in th

22、e creation of hybrid rice.A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.1953年大学毕业后，他成为一名科研人员。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。杂交

23、指的是两个或者两个以上品种的交叉。杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量1.Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。convince sb/yourself(of sth)to make sb/yourself believe that sth is true 使确信；使相信；使信服 convince sb of sth:Youll need to convince them of your enthusiasm

24、for the job.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。convince sb+(that)从句：Id convinced myself that I was right.说服说服(persuade)：convince sb to do sth:【拓展拓展】convinced adj completely sure about sth 确信的；坚信的：确信的；坚信的：Sam nodded but he didnt look convinced.I am convinced of her innocence.convincing adj that makes sb believe that

25、 sth is true 令人信服的；有说服力的a convincing explanation/case 有说服力的论点解释事例She sounded very convincing to me(=I believed what she said).我觉得她的话很有说服力。(1)convince sb.of sth.使某人信服某事convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事convince sb.that 使某人确信(2)convinced adj.坚信；深信；确信be convinced of/that 确信(3)convincing adj.归纳总结归纳总结convince

26、使(某人)信服，明白。指用事实或道理排除他人对某事的怀疑，使其深信某事是正确的。常接从句或用于convince sb.of sth.。另外，后面接不定式时意思与persuade相同，意为“说服某人做某事”persuade劝说，说服。常接“into doing sth.或to do sth.和out of doing sth.”的结构，表示拿出明显的理由去说服某人做某事。接out of doing sth.意思是说服某人不做某事convince，persuade词语辨析词语辨析单句语法填空 Im not _(convince)that your idea will work,but Ill ke

27、ep an open mind on it.Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.Nobody could come up with a _(convince)reason why the dinosaur died out.convincedofconvincing牛刀小试牛刀小试They tried to convince him _(support)them._(convince)that the Belt and Road Initiative(“

28、一带一路”倡议)will benefit Chinas economy,we are optimistic about the future of our country.完成句子Roberts expression obviously _(使她相信)his honesty._(我确信)we were doing the right thing.to supportConvincedconvinced her ofI was convinced that牛刀小试牛刀小试2.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a h

29、igher yield than conventional crops.杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。attain vt.to succeed in getting sth,usually after a lot of effort（通常（通常经过努力）获得，得到经过努力）获得，得到His efforts paid off and he attained his goal at last.他的努力得到了回报，他最终达到了目标。We can attain whatever goal we set in our mind.我们设定了什么目标，就能实现什么目标。(1)at

30、tain knowledge获得知识attain independence获得独立attain ones goal实现目标attain positions of power获得要职attain this standard达到这个标准attain ones ideal weight达到理想的体重(2)attainable adj.可获得的；可达到的归纳总结归纳总结He had thought the goal was easily attainable,but he didnt attain it for lack of work experience.So he considers the g

31、oal to be unattainable for him at present.他原以为这个目标容易达到，但由于缺乏工作经验，他没有达到。所以目前他认为这个目标对他来说是无法实现的。语境串记语境串记单句语法填空Few people could ever hope _(attain)an acceptable standard of living.The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination _(attain)it.完成句子Im ashamed to say that I didnt _(实现

32、我的目标).India _(获得了独立)in 1947,after a long struggle.to attainto attainattain my goalattained independence牛刀小试牛刀小试 However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption then was that it could not be done.Through in

33、tense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.1.assumption n 假定；设定2.intense adj very great;very strong 很大的；十分强烈的intense heat/cold/pain 酷热；严寒；剧痛3.overcome vt

34、 克服4.expand vt to become greater in size,number or importance;to make sth greater in size,number or importance 扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量或重要性）5.output n 产量；输出；输出量 However,whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption then w

35、as that it could not be done.Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，第一批可

36、应用于农田(大规模)生产的水稻，于1974年开始耕种。这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。Para 3:Yuan conducted research and developed hybrid rice.The common assumption then was that it could not be done.当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。assumptiona belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen,although there is no proof 假定；设定；假定；设定；It was impossibl

37、e to make assumptions about peoples reactions.臆断人们的反应是不可能的。Were working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。(1)make assumptions/an assumption about 对做假设on the assumption that 假定，假设(2)assume v.to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of i

38、t 假定；假设；认为assume sb./sth.to be 认为某人/某物是/认为某人(事)It is assumed that 据推测(3)assuming(that)假如归纳总结归纳总结单句语法填空Traditional exercises like sit-ups,press-ups and pull-ups are good for building up your strength,_(assume)you do them properly.Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _(a

39、ssume)youve made.(2021湖北荆门调考)Websites and social networks track your location and search history and make assumptions _ your age,race and sex.What will you do _ the assumption that you cant beat him in the first round of the match?We must assume him _(be)innocent until he is proved guilty.assumingas

40、sumptionaboutonto be牛刀小试牛刀小试Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，第一批可应用于农田(大规模)生产的水稻，于1974年开始耕种。overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)to succeed in dealing with or controlling a prob

41、lem that has been preventing you from achieving sth 克服；解决；to defeat sb 战胜We can and must overcome our shortcomings.我们能够而且必须克服我们的缺点。What challenges have you overcome?你战胜了什么样的挑战？overcome difficulties/ones fear克服困难/某人的恐惧overcome bad habits改掉恶习overcome the enemy战胜敌人be overcome by curiosity受好奇心驱使overcome

42、:to be extremely strongly affected by sth 受到的极大影响归纳总结归纳总结overcome 强调克服困难、障碍等beat常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人)beat，defeat后均跟表示人的名词，如比赛、战斗的对手；另外，二者常可互换，但defeat更正式defeat侧重指在战场上打败敌人win后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等overcome，beat，defeat，win词语辨析词语辨析单句语法填空He struggled _(overcome)his shyness.It was inspiring that our team ea

43、sily _(overcome)their team in the final game.He has enough courage _(overcome)the difficulty.完成句子莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。Molly had fought and _.不管多大困难，我们都能克服。We can _，however great.to overcomeovercameto overcomeovercome her fear of flyingovercome any difficulty牛刀小试牛刀小试This hybrid enabled farmers to expand t

44、heir output greatly.这种杂交水稻极大地提高了农民的产量。expand v to become greater in size,number or importance;to make sth greater in size,number or importance 扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量或重要性）if a business expands or is expanded,new branches are opened,it makes more money,etc.扩展，发展（业务）A childs vocabulary expands through reading.

45、孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。We have plans to expand the business into the USA market.我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。(1)expand()into(把)扩展到expand:to talk more;to add details to what you are saying 细谈；详述；详细阐明expand on/upon 详述；充分叙述(2)expansion n.扩大；扩张；扩展用法总结用法总结图解expand，extend词语辨析词语辨析易混词区别

46、extend指空间范围的扩大，长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长The show has been extended for another six weeks.spread指向四面八方展开，也指物种、疾病、消息、思想或文化的传播The disease spread quickly around the village.expand 指范围、体积的扩大Water expands when it freezes.词语辨析词语辨析单句语法填空She _(expand)her career to the field of entertainment in recent years.We are hopin

47、g _(expand)our business,particularly in Europe.has expandedto expand牛刀小试牛刀小试辨析填空：expand/extend/spreadWe have learned from the textbook that all metals _ when they are heated.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can _ faster and farther than disasters and

48、sob stories(伤感的故事).You are given only half an hour to finish your speech on the subject,so youd better not _ it too far.expandspreadextend牛刀小试牛刀小试Para4 Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains,and his

49、strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.Yuans innovation has helped feed not just China,but many other countries that depend on rice as well,such as India and Vietnam.Because of his invaluable contributions,Yuan Longping has received numerous awards bo

50、th in China and abroad.1.domestic adj 本国的；国内的；家庭的；家用的domestic chores家务琐事domestic flights 国内航班2.consumption n 消费；消耗量；消费consume vt消耗，耗费；吃，喝，饮3.generate vt 产生；引起generate electricity 发电4.innovation n the introduction of new things,ideas or ways of doing sth（新事物、思想或方法的）创造；创新；改革5.invaluable adj 极有用的，极宝贵的P