william-Blake威廉-布莱克-课件.ppt

1、william-Blake威廉-布莱克-PPT课件Life ExperienceLiterary CreationsLiterary PositionLife Experience1779,a student at the Royal Academy1783,his first c o l l e c t i o n o f poems Poetical Sketches was printed 1782,he married the illiterate Catherine and taught her to read,write and engrave14-20 an apprentice

2、 to an engraver21 a professional engraverHe was educated at home until 10Text in herea memorial of him was at the Poets Corner in Westminster Abbeyv hallucination:幻觉v eg.a tree full of angels从童年时代起，布莱克就充满了丰富的想像力，并且时常经历幻想。他说他曾看见过缀满天使的大树，曾见到过安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先贤，并给他们画过画像。他把自己所看到的一切用绘画和诗歌表现出来。他的画大多是经过深思熟虑后

3、的变形人体或表现他幻觉中所见到的人物。v 布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识。在当时人们的眼中，它是个反理性主义者、梦幻家和神秘主义者，一个远离尘世的人和偏执狂。他的作品没有受到重视。直到十九、二十世纪之交，叶芝等人重编了他的诗集，人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻。接着是他的书信和笔记的发表，他的神启式的画也逐渐普及，于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位才确立无疑。Blakes political views Blake was a rebel.Blake strongly criticized the capitalists cruel exploitation,saying that the dark

4、satanic mills left men unemployed,killed children and forced prostitution.He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution.1.Poems Poetical Sketches 诗歌素描诗歌素描his first collection of poems Songs of Innocence(1789)天真之歌天真之歌 Songs of Experience(1794)经验之歌经验之歌Literary CreationsPoeti

5、cal Sketches 12-20岁之间写作的诗。尝试写作莎士比亚的无韵诗以及民谣形式的诗和抒情诗。有对诗坛充斥的娇柔造作表示毫无偏见的叹息，也有对统治地位的理性法则充满轻视，还有赞同伊丽莎白时期清新的诗歌。A collection of lyrical poems,which are highly musical.Blakes distinctive themes of love and jealousy,together with very early versions of some of his mythological figures,can be glimpsed in the

6、delicately constructed songs.Songs of Innocence In the introduction of Songs of Innocence,the poet compares himself to a laughing child upon a cloud.Songs of Innocence contains poems in which we can see pictures of merry nature and innocent children.Using a language which even little babies can lear

7、n by heart.a laughing child upon a cloud In the introduction of Songs of Experience,the poet becomes“the lapsed流失的 Soul weeping in the evening dew”.In Songs of Experience Blake drew pictures of neediness and distress and showed the sufferings of the poor.Some best-known poems 天真之歌和天真之歌和经验之歌中最经验之歌中最

8、著名的一些诗篇著名的一些诗篇The Little Black Boy 黑小孩The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子The Lamb 羊羔TheTiger 老虎Ah Sunflower!啊，向日葵！London伦敦 The Tiger Ah Sunflower！Ah Sunflower,weary of time,Who countest the steps of the sun;Seeking after that sweet golden clime Where the travellers journey is done;Where the Youth pined away

9、with desire,And the pale virgin shrouded in snow,Arise from their graves,and aspire Where my Sunflower wishes to go!啊，向日葵啊，向日葵 啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦 整天数着太阳的脚步 它寻求甜蜜而金色的天边 倦旅的旅途在那儿结束；那儿，少年因渴望而憔悴早殇，苍白的处女盖着雪的尸布，都从他们坟中起来向往 向着我的向日葵要去的国度。（飞白译）Auguries of Innocence To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven i

10、n a Wild Flower,Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour.天真的预示 一颗沙里看出一个世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把无限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一刹那里收藏。梁宗岱 译扫烟囱孩子（一）扫烟囱孩子（一）选自天真之歌 （卞之琳译）我母亲死的时候，我还小得很，我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人，我当时还不大喊得清“扫呀，扫，”我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉。有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头，剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受，我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋，大起来煤屑就不会糟蹋你白头发。”他就安安静静了，当天夜里，托姆睡

11、着了，事情就来得稀奇，他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩 阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。后来来了个天使，拿了把金钥匙，开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！）他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪，到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地，他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏；“只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说，“上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。”托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖；这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。The Chimney Sweeper(II)A little black thing among the snowCrying weep,w

12、eep”in notes of woe!“Where are thy father&mother?say?”“They are both gone up to the church to pray.”“Because I was happy upon the heath,And smild among the winters snow;They clothed me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe.“And because I am happy,&dance&sing,They think they

13、have done me no injury,And are gone to praise God&his Priest&King,Who make up a heaven of our misery”.Prose:The Marriage of Heaven and Hell(1790)天堂与地狱的联姻天堂与地狱的联姻The French Revolution 法国大革命法国大革命1791Prose：The Marriage of Heaven and Hell(1790)天堂与地狱的联姻天堂与地狱的联姻-想象力的赞美诗想象力的赞美诗 A prose work is i m p o r t

14、a n t f o r i t s expression of Blakes spirit of revolt against oppression.He maintains liberty against the law of bourgeois society.布莱克对当时所有的政府、道德以及宗教法规进行抨击批判。Blakes Etchings(蚀刻画)The lovers whirlwindFor Dantes work The great red dragon and the woman clothed with Sun for the BibleThe Good and the Ba

15、d AngelsDante and VergilThe Divine ComedyBlakes literary achievements 1.A symbolist,or a mystic神秘主义者;many poems are obscure and can be interpreted only symbolically.2.His lyric poetry displays the characteristics of the romantic spirit.(visual images,imagination)3.Natural sentiment怜悯之情 and individua

16、l originality of his poems.4.图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗Most of his works were designed and produced asmultimedia,combining verbal and visual modes ofexpression with innovative technological methods ofengraving and printing”.-Stephen Marx 2.“Blake is considered not only a major English writer but an important f

17、igure in the history of art艺术史上的重要人物.Pre-romanticism When did Pre-romanticism appear?in the latter half of the 18th centuryWhat are the main features of Pre-romanticism?1)Romantic Revival;2)Strong protest against the bondage of Classicism3)Claims of passion and emotion4)Renewed interests in medieval

18、 literature Pre-romanticism Who are the representatives?William Blake and Robert Burns Whats the significance?marked the decline of classicism paved the way for the coming of romanticism in EnglandAnalysis of LondonStructure1Rhyme Scheme2paraphrase&translation3theme4London I wander thro each charter

19、d street,Near where the charterd Thames does flow.And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness,marks of woe.In every cry of every Man,In every Infants cry of fear,In every voice:in every ban,The mind-forgd manacles I hear How the Chimney-sweepers cry Every blackning Church appalls,And the hapless

20、 Soldiers sigh Runs in blood down Palace walls But most thro midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlots curse Blasts the new-born Infants tear And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse I.Structure Stanzas 1-3:the miseries of people that the poet saw and heard in daytime Stanza 4:the miserie

21、s of poeple that the poet saw and heard at nightII.rhyme scheme The rhyme scheme of this poem is:ababchartered streetschartered Thames1.charterd=chartered monopolized 被垄断了的；当时英国资本主义工商业已相当发达，许多大公司企业获得了专利权。伦敦大街及泰晤士河上航运均为大资本家控制2.the Thames(River)泰晤士河；3.mark(s)1)vt.notice/see 注意/看到,2)n.signs/traces 痕迹/迹

22、象；4.weakness fatigue,tiredness(physical);woe (mental or emotional)grief;5.the mind-forgd manacles(由)精神（铸造的）枷锁；manacles made by the mindIII.Paraphrase manacles枷锁chimney-sweepers6.the Chimney-sweeper In the 18th century small boys,sometimes no more than 4 or 5 years old,were employed to climb up the n

23、arrow chimneys and clean inside,collecting the soot 烟灰in bags.Such boys,sometimes sold to the master sweepers by their parents owing to poverty,were miserably treated by their masters and often suffered disease and physical injuries.churches7.the Chimney-sweepers cry Cry=Weep哭泣哭泣implying sadness,sor

24、row and weeping tears of the boys Cry=“Sweep”大喊大喊“扫烟囱啰扫烟囱啰!”8.blackening church:the churches turned black because of the burning of coals.Black implied that the clergymen are hypocritical and corrupted.9.the church appals:the clergyman appals at the cry of the boys (The clergyman hired the boys to c

25、ollect the soot aroused the disgust of the poet Blake)17101837Buckingham Palace of various agesnowvFive Senses of Human BeingsvSense of hearing 听觉听觉vSense of sight 视觉视觉vSense of taste 味觉味觉vSense of smelling 嗅觉嗅觉vSense of touch 触觉触觉v10.the hapless Soldier sigh the unlucky soldier who was wounded or e

26、ven crippled in the war for defending the state/monarch but now is deserted by the country and has to beg for his living outside the palace since he cannot find any job as a disabled person.v11.run in blood down the palace wall:the soldiers blood runs down the palace wallvSynesthesia is used in thes

27、e two lines.通感,联觉vthe mixture use of Sense of Hearing（eg.sigh)听觉and Sense of Sight(eg.blood)视觉12.“Palace walls:inside grand balls,luxurious banquets,etc.of the court&the royal familyoutside the crippled soldiers are suffering from the bleeding wound and hunger13.the youthful harlotthe young prostitu

28、te 妓女14.the youthful Harlots curse blasts the new-born Infants tear:the young prostitutes curse the men who brought venereal disease to them and their curse frightens the new-born babies from crying.v15.the new-born infants tear:the new-born babies cry because of the disease they get when they were

29、bornv16.blightsdamages/underminesv17.plagues:the venereal disease caused by prostitution (whoring)卖淫卖淫v性病性病(如梅毒如梅毒syphilis)病菌造成的胎儿先天性失明病菌造成的胎儿先天性失明v18.the Marriage hearse turned the marriage into a funeral,implying an emotional death:loveless marriage based on money leading to extra-marital sex v he

30、arse:the vehicle to carry dead people灵车灵车19.The description of these three kinds of people is the criticism of the three major institutions of England1)The religious system:the hypocrisy of the clergymen in the churches is exposed by the chimney sweepers cry v2)the cruelty of the state is revealed b

31、y the soldiers suffering v3)the marriage system is criticized as based on money and being loveless and as leading to extra-marital sex which could incur v.d.III.伦敦伦敦 （王佐良译）（王佐良译）我走过每条独占的街道，徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边，我看见每个过往的行人,有一张衰弱、痛苦的脸。每个人的每声呼喊，每个婴孩害怕的号叫，每句话，每条禁令，都响着心灵铸成的镣铐。多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫,震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂，不幸兵士的长叹,化成鲜血流下了

32、宫墙。最怕是深夜的街头,又听年轻妓女的诅咒！它骇住了初生儿的眼泪，又用瘟疫摧残了婚礼丧车。IV.Theme In the poem London the whole picture of the miseries in the English capital is reflected.Q.1.1)coined self-created;2)past-participles used as adjectives.3)Paradoxical combination Q.2.the linguistic features:语言特征 1)short,simple words,e.g.every,cry

33、,I hear,etc.2)repetition,There are altogether 3 marks,3 cries,2 charterd,6 every,2 how,and 2 hears 3)past-participles used as adjectives.Questions for London Q.3.its“anvil music”打铁般的乐感打铁般的乐感 1)by repeating short simple words or phrases,2)and by using regular stanza form and the rhyme scheme(a b a b)

34、Assignment:Describe London in your own words and with your imagination,based on the information given in Blakes poem London.Questions for London 现实主义诗人杜甫的诗现实主义诗人杜甫的诗 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。荣枯咫尺异，惆怅难再述。I Heard an Angel SingingI heard an Angel singing,When the day was springing:Mercy,Pity,PeaceIs the worlds rele

35、ase.Thus he sang all dayOver the new-mown hay,Till the sun went down,And haycocks looked brown.I heard a devil curseOver the heath and the furze:Mercy could be no moreIf there was nobody poor,And Pity no more could be,If all were as happy as we.At his curse the sun went down,And the heavens gave a f

36、rown.Down pourd the heavy rainOver the new reapd grain;And Miserys increaseIs Mercy,Pity,Peace.Analysis of the poem1paraphrase2theme3questions4rhyme scheme&structureStructureStanzas1-2:The angels singing.Stanzas 3-5:The Devils curses.vRhyme Scheme:a a b bL.2 springing breaking/beginning;破晓 singing,s

37、pringing:alliteration 押头韵押头韵L.4 release consolation/solace 安慰;Mercy,Pity,Peace is the consolation from God to the whole world.(People ask consolation from God)L4:pity,peace:alliteration押头韵押头韵 L.6 the new-mown hay the new-cut hay;L.8 And haycocks looked brown 干草垛 在晚霞的余辉中呈棕色;II.Paraphrasehaycocksfurze

38、heathland L.10 the heaththe heathland/the waste land;the furze金雀花丛金雀花丛(in Scotland);L.16 the heavens God;(metonymy借代）借代）gave a frown皱起眉头皱起眉头,a sign of displeasure;Q:Why is god angry?L.17-18 Rain:a symbol In Christian context often symbolizes Gods grace上帝的恩泽上帝的恩泽,but here,this heavy down-pour 倾盆大雨倾盆大

39、雨 seems to be a punishment,for itll surely ruin the grain which has just been cut 刚刚收割刚刚收割的庄稼的庄稼(should be put on the threshing ground打谷场）打谷场）;Down pourd the heavy rain/Over the new reapd grain Inversion is used.L.19-20 And Miseries increase/Is Mercy,Pity,Peace And owing to the increase of misery ca

40、used by this natural disaster(the down-pour),there is need of mercy,pity and peace among people.III.Theme The poet depicts the poem in a mocking tone but conveys a serious message There is no need for Gods mercy,pity,and peace,if there is no man-made miseries.God is exposed by contrasting Angels sin

41、ging 天使的歌功颂德and Devils curse/retort 魔鬼的反驳.The poem is treated in a mocking vein.嘲弄的口吻;Q.1.add toQ.2 1)musical,rhythmic,in regular stanza formquatrain(四行的诗节):4-line stanza,rhyming aabb,2)mocking in tone,but conveying a serious message there is no need for Gods mercy,Pity,Peace,if there is no man-made miseries.IV.Questions on I Heard an Angel Singing 翻译练习翻译练习 Please translate I Hear an Angel Singing into Chinese!请将我听见天使在歌唱这首诗翻成中请将我听见天使在歌唱这首诗翻成中文。文。