医科大学精品课件:新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征.ppt
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1、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, RDS,目录,定义 发病率 病因和病理生理 易感因素 临床表现 实验室检查和胸片 鉴别诊断 治疗 预防,定义 发病率 病因和病理生理 易感因素 临床表现 实验室检查和胸片 鉴别诊断 治疗 预防,呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS) 又称肺透明膜病(HMD); 主要原因是缺乏肺表面活性物质(PS); 多见于早产儿,生后不久(26小时内)出现呼吸窘迫,并进行性加重; 胸部X片呈细颗粒网状影、支气管充气征,重者白肺。,定义 发病率 病因和病理生理 易感因素 临床表现 实验室检查和胸片 鉴别诊断 治疗 预防,胎龄愈小,发病率愈高,
2、RDS发病与年龄关系,定义 发病率 病因和病理生理 易感因素 临床表现 实验室检查和胸片 鉴别诊断 治疗 预防,PS缺乏是RDS的根本原因 PS产生 PS成分 PS作用 RDS的病理生理,病因和病理生理,PS成分、产生及作用,PS作用,肺泡表面张力 肺泡内液-气界面,使肺泡缩小 Laplace定律 P(肺扩张压)= r一定时,T, P T一定时,r, P ,PS作用,PS正常 吸气末: 呼气末:,PS缺乏 吸气末: 呼气末:,窒息 低体温 剖宫产 糖尿病母亲婴儿(IDM),早产,肺泡 PS,肺泡不张,PaCO2 通气 ,V/Q PaO2 ,严重酸中毒,肺毛细血管通透性,气体弥散障碍,透明膜形成
3、,呼吸性酸中毒,代谢性酸中毒,Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a breathing disorder which commonly affects the lungs of the premature new born infants.,Freeze-Frame View of the Alveolar Space with a Magnified View of the AirLiquid Interface, with Formation of Pulmonary Surfactant Films. ( Adapted from Whitse
4、tt and Weaver. 2002. N. Eng. J. Med. 347:2141).,Surfactant phospholipids and proteins are synthesized by alveolar type II cells lining the alveoli. Surfactant lipids and surfactant protein B (SP-B) precursor protein and surfactant protein C (SP-C) are transported to multivesicular bodies and, after
5、proteolytic processing, stored in lamellar bodies. SP-B, SP-C, and surfactant lipids are secreted into the alveolar subphase and interact with surfactant protein A to form a tubular myelin reservoir from which multilayers and monolayers form a film, thus reducing surface tension at the airliquid int
6、erface. Surfactant remnants are taken up and reutilized or catabolized by type II epithelial cells. Alveolar macrophages play a critical part in the clearance and catabolism of surfactant lipids and proteins. Formation of the active surface film is required to maintain lung volumes, thereby preventi
7、ng atelectasis and respiratory failure. The freeze-frame view is courtesy of Debra Yager.,Proteolytic Processing of Surfactant Proteins B and C. ( Aadapted from Whitsett and Weaver. 2002. N. Eng. J. Med. 347:2141),Surfactant protein B is a small, amphipathic polypeptide produced by proteolytic proce
8、ssing as a 381-amino-acid precursor, surfactant protein B precursor protein, by type II alveolar epithelial cells in the lung. The active 79-amino-acid surfactant protein B is stored in lamellar bodies and secreted into the alveoli, where it interacts at the surface of surfactant lipids, forming sta
9、ble monolayers and bilayers that reduce surface tension and enhance the stability and spreading of the lipid film. Surfactant protein C is a small, primarily alpha-helical peptide formed from a 197-amino-acid precursor protein. Surfactant protein C is stored with surfactant protein B and lipids in l
10、amellar bodies. The active, 33-to-34-amino-acid peptide is secreted into the air space, where it is inserted into lipid membranes, enhancing spreading and recruitment of lipids to the surface films.,Synthesis, transformation, and turnover of lung surfactant ( Aadapted from Whitsett and Weaver. 2002.
11、 N. Eng. J. Med. 347:2141). The EM pictures show the morphological transformation of lung surfactant (Adapted from Goerke. 1998. BBA 1408:79) The multilaminar structure (MS) of surfactant film at the air-water interface of alveoli (Adapted from Schrch et al. 1998. BBA 1408:180).,Neonatal Respiratory
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