Unit 4 Words and expressions（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Body LanguageWords ExpressionsMiss Q interaction /ntrkn/n.交流；相互影响 词汇记忆interact v.交流；相互影响interactive adj.交互的；互动的归纳拓展We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people.vary Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to cultur

2、e.pvary(widely/greatly/enormously/slightly)差异、变化很大、很小差异、变化很大、很小 vary with 伴随伴随/根据根据而变化而变化 vary (=differ)fromto 由由到到不同不同/变化变化 vary(=differ)in price/size/weight/color/shape 在在方面不同方面不同/veri/vi.（根据情况）变化；改变various adj.不同的不同的;各各种各样的种各样的;多姿多彩的多姿多彩的variety n.变化变化;种类种类;多样化多样化varied adj.多变的多变的(=changeable)He

3、decided to change his job for _ reasons.Old people dont like to _ their habits.The prices of some goods _ the season.There are a _ of activities to choose from.variousvaryvary withvarietyappropriate /prprit/adj.合适的合适的,恰当的恰当的 The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to th

4、e culture you are in.be appropriate to/for 适合 =be suitable for sb/sthIt is appropriate for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是合适的appropriately adv.恰当的；合适的inappropriate adj.不恰当的；不合适的/for 适合by contrast 相比之下in contrast to/with 和形成对比1)She almost failed the exam,but her brother,by contrast,did more than well.2)In con

5、trast to last years profits,the company is not doing very well this year.3)就质量而言，没有任何产品能和我们的相比。As for the quality,no products can be in contrast with ours.approve of 赞成；同意 approve of sb./sb.s doing sth.同意某人做某事 approving adj.赞成的 approval n.认可；赞成；同意（反：dis-）归纳拓展approve pruvl vi./vt.赞赞成成;同意同意;批准批准;通过通过I

6、n other countries,by contrast,eye contact is not always aprroved of.meet with/win/obtain ones approval 得到某人的批准 Her parents now _ her marriage I dont _ (his/him)smoking in bed.The professor made no comment about the speech,but gave an _ nod.nodded in _.nodeded at me _.approve of approve of approving

7、approval approvingly demonstrate demnstretvt.表现表现;表表达达;说明说明;证明证明demonstration n.证明，示范vi.示威示威;示威游行示威游行demonstrate against sb/sth 示威反对某人示威反对某人/某事某事常见的搭配常见的搭配demonstrate ones ability/talent/commitment)demonstrate wh-从句从句The teacher demonstrated how we should do the experiment.In Japan,it may demonstrat

8、e respect to look down when talking to an older person.witness wtnsn.目击者目击者;证证人人vt.当场看到当场看到;目击目击;见证见证be(a)witness to 是的目击者/见证人give witness(to sth.)为作证；证明归纳拓展1.He took the stand as the first _.2.I _(witness)how the young couple got through the most difficult times in their life.3.The new Peoples Repu

9、blic of China saw/witnessed Dr Lin Qiaozhi _(play)a key role.4._ to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.witnesswitnessedplayingWitnesses出庭作证employ mpl vt.使用，应用，雇佣使用，应用，雇佣归纳拓展employ sb.as/to do sth.雇某人当/做某事be employed in doing sth.忙于做某事employ oneself in(doing)sth.忙于做某事反义词：fir

10、e/dismiss 解雇employment n.雇用，使用，工作，职业in employment out of employmentunemployment n.失业employer n.雇主employee n.雇员unemployed adj.失业的；没有工作的练习巩固1.The _(employ)warned the _(employ)to work hard or they would be fired.2._(employ)in an important conference,he has no time to go back home.employeremployeesEmplo

11、yed In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.gesture dest(r)n.姿势，姿势，手势手势v.打手势打手势 n.make a gesture at sb 对某人做个手势(shake ones head)in/with a guesture of(impatience)用（不耐烦的）姿势v.gesture for/to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事=signidentical adentkl adj.相同的相同的 be id

12、entical to/with sb/sth 与与.完全一样、相同完全一样、相同 =be the same as.be identical in sth.在某方面完全一样、相同在某方面完全一样、相同identity n.身份，个性，特性，一致性identify v.认出，识别，发现，查明，确认，理解，认同，与.一致identification n.辨认，确认，鉴定interpret ntprt 口译；解释；翻译口译；解释；翻译interpretation n 口译口译interpreter n.口译员口译员interpret.as.把把.解释为解释为.right to interpret 解释

13、权解释权His refusal _(work)late _（被理解为）（被理解为）a lack of commitment _ the company.to work was/is interpreted as to In France,a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.In Japan,someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money.differ df(

14、r)相异，不同于相异，不同于differ from sth.不同于某事不同于某事differ with sb.on/about sth.和某人在某事上意见不同和某人在某事上意见不同I beg to differ.我不敢苟同我不敢苟同different adj.difference n.make a difference to indifferent adj.对对造成影响造成影响漠不关心的漠不关心的by comparison(with sb/sth/)(与与)相比较相比较/比较起来比较起来（比较、相对而言）（比较、相对而言）=in comparison(with/to sb/sth)=(when

15、/as)compared to/with 和和比比be beyond/without comparsion 无与伦比无与伦比By comparison,in Bulgaria and southern Albania,the gestures have the opposite meaning.favour fev(r)vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同归纳拓展do sb.a favour 帮某人的忙in favour of 支持；赞同in ones favour 对某人有利owe ones a favour 欠某人的情show favour to sb 偏爱favourable

16、 adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的favourite adj.最喜欢的 n.特别喜爱的人或事物 A mother mustnt favor one of her children more than the others.Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favor the growth of plants.=show favor to 偏爱偏爱 =are favourable to/for 对对有利有利 Im all in favor of equal pay for equal work.=completely support 完全支持完全支持 Th

17、e old blind man asked me to do him a _and find his _ book.favourfavouritemake inferences nfrns 推理，判断推理，判断v.infer (inferred-inferred)推理，暗示推理，暗示关键句:Since books from Seedlings were affordable,it was possible to have a home library.What can we infer from the last paragraph?The author attached importance

18、 to her sons reading.关键句:The challenges were complex:making sure real-time data of geographic location was accurate enough.What can be inferred from the passage?Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process.break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器等）出故障；（谈判）失败消除；分解；打破；（机器等）出故障；（谈判）失败练习巩固1.Her heal

19、th broke down under the pressure of work._2.Talks between the two sides have broken down._3.It takes a long time to break down prejudices,but we have to keep trying._4.Decomposers(分解物)break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients._（身体）垮掉（谈判）失败消除分解A smile can break down barriers.一个微笑可以消除

20、隔阂。一个微笑可以消除隔阂。归纳拓展break 用法n.破裂；间歇；休息；暂停；天亮；拂晓have/take a break 休息片刻at the break of day 拂晓时分without a break 不间断地v.(break-broke-broken)（使）破碎；违背；暂停；打断break ones promise 违背诺言break the silence 打破沉默break in打断；插嘴打断；插嘴 break into 闯入闯入break out(战争、战争、火灾等火灾等)爆发爆发break up分散；拆分散；拆散；驱散；（关系散；驱散；（关系等）破裂等）破裂fake ad

21、j.假装的，冒充的假装的，冒充的反义词合集：反义词合集：true realauthenticgenuinenatural归纳拓展归纳拓展v.anger at sb./sth.因某人/某事而生气anger sb.激怒某人n.in anger 愤怒地angry adj.生气的；愤怒地be angry at/with sb.(about/for sth.)（因某事）对某人生气angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地anger(r)n.愤怒；怒气愤怒；怒气 v.激怒；使生气激怒；使生气练习巩固练习巩固1.He was _(anger)with her for breaking her promise.2

22、.She just managed to hold back her _(angry).angerangryreliable rlabl adj.可靠的，可信赖的可靠的，可信赖的归纳拓展a reliable product 质量可靠的产品rely v.依靠；依赖rely on/upon=depend on/upon 依靠；依赖rely on/upon sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事rely on/upon it that 从句 指望/相信reliability n.可靠（性）reliably adv.可靠地；可信地练习巩固1.Tom is clever while Jack is h

23、onest and _(rely).2.You may rely on _ that she is sure to attend the meeting.3.I can always rely on you _(cheer)me up.reliableitto cheertrial tral n&v.审讯；审判；试验；试用审讯；审判；试验；试用 Jeremy witnessed the whole incident and was expected to be the key witness at the trial.on trial 在试验中在试验中 trial and error反复试验；

24、不断摸索slight adj.轻微的，略微的，细小的轻微的，略微的，细小的slightly adv.略微，稍微略微，稍微When he noticed a slight frown on his twin sisters face,he frowned as well.When we think about nonverbal behaviour,or body language,we think about communication.franassessment sesmnt n.评定，评价评定，评价assess v.评估，评价评估，评价 to judge,evaluate or esti

25、mate to calculate the value or cost of sth make an assessment of 对做出评定Its difficult to assess the effects of the reform.Damage to the building was assessed at$80,000.internal ntnl adj.内部的，里面的，内部的，里面的，国内的国内的 internalize v.使内在化 反义词：反义词：externalBody language provides external clues that are influenced

26、by internal thoughts and feelings.straighten up 直起身来;整理;收拾整齐 振作straight adj.直接的；n.直道straighten vt.&vi.(使)变直；整理/stretn/light lighten 减轻，使变亮strength stengthen 加强threat threaten 威胁Scientists have found that when we feel proud and powerful,we usually straighten up to make ourselves bigger.slump slmp vi.

27、垂头弯腰地走或坐垂头弯腰地走或坐;耷拉着耷拉着/瘫坐着瘫坐着;猛跌猛跌 n.C萧条萧条,骤降骤降 1)He slumped,exhausted,onto the sofa.2)the global economic slump3)He slumped in the street,worrying that he wasnt able to finish the work on time.全球经济衰退pose pz n.故作姿态;(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.pose a t

28、hreat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁构成威胁/挑战挑战/危险危险/风险风险bend vt.v.(bent,bent)(使)弯曲;倾斜;偏向bend/lower ones head He bent and kissed her.()She was bent over her desk writing a letter.bend to ones will 屈服于某人的意志a sharp/tight bend 急转弯By bowing,we mean“bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or sham

29、e”.reveal:vt.to make sth.known 揭示;显示;露出 revelation n.揭示；揭露；被揭露的内情揭示；揭露；被揭露的内情1)She laughed,revealing her white teeth.2)He will never reveal his friends secrets.3)The findings of the research reveals that appropriate exercise benefits sleeping.4)Blood tests reveal that the old woman is in good health

30、.Whatever is hidden is harmful(hence revelation equals security)clarify klrfa vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清 clarify a situation/problem/issue 澄清情况/问题clear clarifyidentity identifyclass classifyquality qualifysimple simplifyclarification n.阐明；澄清in other words=that is to sayP43Ali always keeps her word;in other wor

31、ds,she never breaks her word.When free,shed like to have a word with people face to face,and never has words with others.In a word,all of her friends like her as she can get on well with everyone around her.tendency tendnsi n.倾向；趋势倾向；趋势 tend v.倾向于，照顾倾向于，照顾 People tend to need less sleep as they get

32、older.imply mpla vt.意味着；暗示 implication n.暗示，言外之意 lower l(r)vt.把放低;降低;减少 adj下面的;下方的;较小的 They lowered him down the cliff on a rope._ his head,he felt ashamed.He belongs to the lower middle class.low adj.低的；粗俗的；卑贱的；消沉的 adv.谦卑地，低下地；低声地Lowering中产阶级的下层People have a to lean towards whatever they are intere

33、sted in.So if a student has his head ed to look at his watch,it he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.barely bel adv.几乎不，勉强才能，刚刚 bare adj.赤裸的，仅仅的，空的赤裸的，仅仅的，空的Their eyes barely move,and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they are aslee

34、p with their eyes open.merely mli adv.只是，仅仅，只不过 mere adj.仅仅，只不过，极小的练习巩固1.The city _(occupy)by the enemy for three years.2.Please write down your name,age and _(occupy)on the application form.3.She occupied herself _ daily routine office task.has been occupiedoccupationwith occupy kjupa vt.占据；占用occup

35、y sb.with sth./in doing sth.使某人忙于做某事occupation n.职业；占用occupied adj.忙于的；被占领的be occupied with=be busy with 忙于做某事be occupied(in)doing sth.=be busy in doing sth.忙于做某事归纳拓展be employed in doingbe busy doingbe engaged in doing 整天忙于家务，她精疲力尽。_ housework all day，she was tired out._ housework all day made her t

36、ired out.Occupying herself/Occupied withOccupying herself/Being occupied with佳句举例词义辨析We stare at our phones when we want to avoid eye contact.当我们想要避免眼神接触时，我们就会盯着自己的手机。stare at“盯着看”，指出于好奇、惊讶等原因长时间直视，常含粗鲁无礼之意。glare at“怒目而视”，指出于气愤或敌意而瞪着看。glance at“一瞥”，意为匆忙中迅速看一眼。stare ste(r)vi.盯着看；凝视盯着看；凝视 n.凝视凝视The ge

37、sture for“OK”has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan,someone_witnesses another person _(运用)the gesture might think it means money.In France,a person _(encounter)an identcal gesture may interpret it _ meaning zero.However,you should avoid _ this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is no

38、t _(考虑)polite.文本深度挖掘文本深度挖掘whoemployingencounteringasmakingconsidereddistract dstrkt vt.分散(注意力);使分心distract sb/sth(from sth)distraction n.使人分心的事使人分心的事distracted distracting 归纳拓展adj.心烦意乱的心烦意乱的adj.使人分心的使人分心的The children are driving me to distraction today.annoyed By distacting the mind from the pain,mu

39、sic,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.anxiety zati n.焦虑，担心，害怕n.a feeling of wanting to do something very muchadj.anxious 焦虑的焦虑的 同义词：同义词：worry/concern 归纳拓展_(trap)in great _,Peter paced back and forth._(注意到注意到)mothers _expression,I felt guilty to make her worried about me.TrappedanxietyNo

40、ticinganxiousperceive psiv vt.察觉;看待;理解perceive.as sth.把视为 perception n.看法；感知；洞察力perceptive adj.有洞察力的；感知的归纳拓展It is easy to perceive students absence of mind.With their chins on their hands,they occupy themselves by staring out of the window.The main thing is reminding distracted students that they ne

41、ed to pay attention to class.Not surprisingly,anxiety never fail to seize me when I think about their grades.distinguish dstw vi.vt.区分，辨别归纳拓展distinguish(between)A and B 区分A和Bdistinguish A from B 把A和B区分开来distinguish between good and evil 分清善恶distinguished adj.卓越的；显著的；杰出的 be distinguished as=be famous

42、 as=distinguish oneself as.佳句举例It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other.很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。embarrassed mbrst adj.难堪的；尴尬的embarrass v.使尴尬使尴尬embarrasing adj.令人尴尬的令人尴尬的embarrassment n.尴尬，窘境尴尬，窘境dilemma difficulty n.I find it _ to speak in public when I cant remember the right word.embarrassingasham

43、ed emd adj.羞愧，惭愧归纳拓展be/feel ashamed of(doing)sth.因做某事而感到羞愧be/feel ashamed to do sth.不好意思做某事shame v.使惭愧；使羞愧 n.羞愧 It is a shame that 真遗憾shameful adj.可耻的 shameless adj.无耻的练习巩固1.He was _(shame)of cheating in the exam and determined never to do that again.2.Im ashamed _(say)that I lied to her.ashamedto s

44、ayStudents _ are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of _ called on by the teacher.whobeing(短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请归纳拓展call 用法n.叫喊声；通话；要求；号召；呼吁a call

45、for help 呼喊声give a call/make a call 打电话v.（给打电话）召唤；大声叫喊；命名；召集I heard someone calling in the distance.The Security Council has called on an emergency session to discuss the crisis.bother b(r)vi&vt 常用于否定句和疑问句常用于否定句和疑问句 费心；麻烦费心；麻烦 to spend time and/or energy doing sth：He didnt bother to answer the quest

46、ion.他懒得回答问题。I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.Why bother?Mary is interested.vt 使烦恼；使苦恼使烦恼；使苦恼(worry)；使疼痛；使疼痛 to make someone feel slightly worried,upset or concerned.You neednt bother yourself about/with small things.conflict knflkt n.矛盾;冲突 knflkt vi.冲突;抵触armed/military conflict 武装/军事

47、冲突 in conflict with sb 和和.有冲突有冲突 Theres always a conflict between good and evil in his plays.new evidence which conflicts with previous findingsinquire =enquire nkwa(r)询问;打听 inquire sth.of sb.向某人打听或询问/了解某事inquire about sb./sth.询问/打听inquire into sth inquire after sbinquiry=enquiry n.调查 调查问候If a stude

48、nt does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping,then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.Whatever it is,I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.ultimately ltmtli adv.最终；最后

49、最终；最后finally,after everything else has been done or considered终归，根本上终归，根本上 同义词：finally,eventually,basically,conclusively,after all形容词：ultimate 最终的，终极的You are the one who faced your fears and ultimately overcame them.Ultimately,though,you have to make your own judgments.adjust dst v.调整，调节，适应，（使）习惯调整，

50、调节，适应，（使）习惯adjust to(doing)sth.适应（做）某事adjust oneself to(doing)sth.使自己适应（做）某事adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的adjustment n.调整；调节；适应归纳拓展reliablefavourable同义词：adapt accommodate accustom modify 练习巩固1.I tried to make the necessary _(adjust)to this new situation.2.After a while,my eyes adjusted _ the darkness insi