Unit 1 People of Achievement Discover useful structures （ppt课件） (2)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Non-restrictive Attibutive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Review Restrictive Attributive Clause先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人主who/that宾who/whom/that/省略定whose(=of whom)物主that/which宾that/which/省略定whose(=of which)先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词时间名词时间状语when 地点名词地点状语where reason原因状语

2、why限制性定语从句中，as常用用法 such+名词+as+从句 像一样的；像之类 the same+名词+as+从句 和同样的e.g.:I have the same book as he has.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.1.These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.2.He is not the same man _ he was.asas区分that和which只能用that，不能用which的情况 不定代词，如 som

3、ething,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little,none等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。先行词有the only，the very，the just,the right等修饰时，只用that。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人，又有物时。当主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause(与限制性定语从句进行比较说明）非限制性定语从句是对先行词的非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明附加说明，去

4、掉去掉之后，意思之后，意思明确明确，与主句通常用，与主句通常用“，”隔开，把非限制性定语从句放在句子中，其隔开，把非限制性定语从句放在句子中，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。前后都需要用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉去掉之后，主句意思之后，主句意思不明确不明确。先行词不唯一，先行词不唯一，缩小范围，限定。缩小范围，限定。先行词唯一，没必要先行词唯一，没必要限定，为附加说明。限定，为附加说明。1.限制性定从和非限制性定从的区分限制性定从和非限制性定从的区分定语从句的种类 感受一下限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别感受一下限制性定从和非限制性定从的区

5、别限制性定从：She hates people who like smoking.非限制性定从：My hometown is Beijing,which is the capital of China.她讨厌喜欢抽烟的人。我的家乡是北京，它是中国的首都。1).翻译不同翻译不同The new bicycle which/that my brother rides was bought this year.My brother rides a new bike,which was bought this year.限制性定从：译为限制性定从：译为“的的”非限制性定从：常译成与非限制性定从：常译成与

6、主句并列的句子主句并列的句子2).形式不同形式不同Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.无逗号无逗号有逗号有逗号3).意义不同意义不同Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract

7、,she found a substance that worked.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚限制性定从限制性定从关代关代:that,which,who,whom,as 关副关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形关形:whose=of which,

8、of whom4).引导词不同引导词不同_非限制性定从非限制性定从关代关代:that,which,who,whom,as 关副关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形关形:whose=of which,of whomfor whichHuang Chudong won the first prize in pull-up competition,which surprised us.The Peoples Republic of China has existed(存在)for 70 years,as we all know.5).先行词不同先行词不同非限制性定从的先行词非限制

9、性定从的先行词可以为可以为整个句子。整个句子。限制性定从的先行词限制性定从的先行词不可为不可为整个句子。整个句子。As we all know,the Peoples Republic of China has existed(存在)for 70 years.The car,which I bought last year,does not work.The car,I bought last year,does not work.The car I bought last year does not work.The car which/that I bought last year doe

10、s not work.5).先行词的省略不同先行词的省略不同限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，可省略可省略。非限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，非限制性定从中，关系词作宾语，也不可省略也不可省略。True or False?限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上翻译上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导The differencesThink:1.为什么只能用as或whic

11、h引导？2.为什么限制性定从的先行词不能为一个句子？2.as或which指代句子时用法有无差别？非限制性定从的先行词为主句时非限制性定从的先行词为主句时,只可只可用用as 或或which引导定从。引导定从。1._ we all know,the earth is round.2.Tom won the competition,_ we had expected.3.Global warming,_we all know,has caused a lot of natural disasters.as_4.These apple trees,_ I planted three years ago

12、,have not produced any fruits.5.The lazy boy got the highest score in the test,_ surprised me.6.John passed the exam,_ made his parents very pleased.7.He said that he had never seen her before,_is not true.which_asas位置位置：可置于主句前、中、后。先行词：先行词：通常为整个主句含义：含义：“正如，如同”_whichwhich位置位置：置于主句之后 先行词先行词：可以是主句中的一个词

13、、主句的部分内容、甚至整个主句含义：含义：“这，那（件事）”as和和which引导非引导非限制性限制性定从的区别：定从的区别：3.介词+关系代词当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“用介词+whom”，如果指“物”，用“介词+which”。*“介词关系代词”前可有 some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few,three,several 等代词或数词(相当于“介词关系代词代词/数词”)，也可以有名词(相当于“whose名词”)。先行词的意义句中动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配句子含义介词如何选用

14、？1.Is this the car _ you paid a high price?2.She is the person _ I talked.3.He brought the result _ the boss was satisfied.4.He came to a farm,_he finally settled down.5.Do you still remember the day _ we met for the first time?6.Do you still remember the days _ we worked together?7.Later,the medici

15、ne was tested on malaria patients,_ recovered.后来，该药在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。8.I bought many books yesterday,_ are written by Lu Xun.我昨天买了很多书，其中三本是鲁迅写的。Quizfor whichwith whomwith whichon which on whichduring whichmost of whomthree of which1.Leiyang No.1 High School _was founded in 1902,has a history of

16、 117 years.Exercises:Fill the blanks.,whichwhich/that3.Leiyang No.1 High School _ I studied for 6 years,has a history of 117 years.2.The school _ was founded in 1902 has a history of 117 years.,where4.The school _ I studied for 6 years has a history of 117 years.where1.I like girls _has black and lo

17、ng hair.Exercises:Fill the blanks.who/that3.I like the girl under the tree _ has black and long hair.2.I like girls _hair is black and long.whose4.I like the girl under the tree _ hair is black and long.,whose,who1.2019_we took the entrance exam to high school,is an unforgettable year for me.Exercises:Fill the blanks.,when3.2019_ is my lucky year,is an unforgettable year for me.2.The year _ we took the entrance exam to high school is an unforgettable year for me.when4.The year _ is my lucky year is an unforgettable year for me.which/that,which