Unit 2 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、Do you know what they are?FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope)500米口径球面射电望远镜，也被称为米口径球面射电望远镜，也被称为“中国天眼中国天眼”Galileo telescopeRead the article on page 20 and fill in the following table.The use of telescopes to explore spaceTimeBreakthroughsUseIn 1990The Kepler Space TelescopeIn recent

2、yearsTo detect communication signals between the stars in the universeThe Hubble Space TelescopeTo see further than ground-based telescopes;to play a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energyIn 2009FASTTo search for Earth-size planets orbiting other starsBelow is a newspaper featur

3、e article on the use of telescopes to explore space.Find the sentences with subject clauses.()()()()1.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes,2.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved,but the signs are promising.3.It is clear that tele

4、scopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.4.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.that whetherit在句子中起在句子中起名词名词作用的各种从句统称为作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句名词性从句。根

5、据它们在句中的。根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句的连接词有：主语从句的连接词有：从属连词从属连词：that，whether，if连接代词连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever连接副词连接副词：when，where，why，how在复合句中，如作在复合句中，如作主语主语的是一个从句，该的是一个从句，该从句从句被称为被称为主语从句主语从句。主语从。主语从句须用句须用陈述语序陈述语序，单个从句做主语

6、，主句谓语动词一般用单数。单个从句做主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。_ he will come or not is not known yet.Its uncertain _ hell come this evening.1.that 2.whether/ifthat 不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。Whether whether/ifThat Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes.whether 不做成分，表意

7、思不做成分，表意思“是否是否”。that/whether/if 主语从句中用主语从句中用 whether 不用不用 if 的情况：的情况：1.1.主语从句位于主语从句位于句首句首时时;2.2.从句后有从句后有or或紧跟或紧跟or not时。时。1._ hell come this evening is uncertain.2.Its uncertain _ hell come this evening.3._ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.Whether whether/if Whether宾语从句中宾语从句中 whether 和和 if

8、可互换可互换,表语从句、同位语从句用表语从句、同位语从句用 whether 不用不用 if,条件状语从句用条件状语从句用 if 不用不用 whether.What he is not sure is _ you will leave.He doesnt know _ you will leave._ you work hard,you are sure to succeed.whether whether/if If_ will be sent there has not been decided._ you need is more practice._ one is the best is

9、 not clear._ comes first will get a free book._ he did was right._ team gains the most points wins.WhoWhatWhichWhoeverWhateverWhichever who、whoever、whom、whose、what、whatever、which、whichever连接代词通常在主语从句中充当成分_they will come hasnt been made public._he has gone is a question._there is gravity is hard to u

10、nderstand._ he can earn a living in Britainremains a big problem.WhenWhereWhyHow when,why,where,how6.What we need _ more books.1.Who won the match _ still unknown.5.What she lacks _ experience.2.What you said _ perfectly true.3.When and why he will leave there _ unknown.4.What you said and what you

11、did _all right.was was is were is were一个一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数单数形式。形式。多个多个主语从句后的谓语动词用复数形式。主语从句后的谓语动词用复数形式。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的表语后面的表语决定。决定。it主语从句常用主语从句常用 it 作作形式主语形式主语放放句首句首,从句为真正的主语从句为真正的主语，放在句末，使句子更平衡。，放在句末，使句子更平衡。1.It+be+形容词形容词 +that从句从句常用句型常用句型clear,obvious,necessary,pos

12、sible,likely,.It is clear that the girl told a lie.2.It+be+名词名词词组词组 +that从句从句a pity,no wonder,a shame,a good idea.It is a pity that he missed such an interesting film.3 3.It+be+过去分词过去分词 +that从句从句believed,said,reported,thought,suggested.It is suggested that the lab building(should)be built next year.

13、It is said that he is the best student in the class.表示表示命令命令，建议建议，请求请求，坚持坚持的从句中要用的从句中要用虚拟语气虚拟语气4.It+seem,happen,appear,occur to 等不及物动词等不及物动词+that 从句从句It appears that they have made the same mistake.It happened that I was out that day.依据依据“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。原则确定正确的连词。所谓所谓“缺什么补什么缺什么补什么”是指是指从句从句与与

14、连词连词之间的关系。之间的关系。如果句子中缺如果句子中缺主语主语，指，指人人用用who，指，指物物用用what。如缺如缺宾语宾语，指，指人人用用whom，指，指物物用用what。如缺如缺时间状语时间状语用用when；地点状语地点状语用用where。原因状语原因状语用用why；方式状语方式状语用用how。如缺如缺定语定语用用what或或which。如如什么都不缺什么都不缺用用that，Whether表表“是否是否”。B1 Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.1 The space mission went so well was

15、beyond our expectations.谓谓主主That the space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.Applying the rules 主从为主从为 陈述句，不缺成分，不缺意义，用陈述句，不缺成分，不缺意义，用that来引导来引导2 Whether they are able to grow more vegetables depend on how much time it takes.谓谓主主单个从句做主语，主句谓语用三单。单个从句做主语，主句谓语用三单。Whether they are able to

16、grow more vegetables depends on how much time it takes.3 It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.主主从句时态应与主句保持一致从句时态应与主句保持一致It is not clear how long he would stay on the space station.4 What the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.主主主从为陈述句，不缺成分和意义

17、主从为陈述句，不缺成分和意义That the lunar probe did not land was a worry for the people back on the Earth.5 That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.主主主从缺主语，指主从缺主语，指“.“.的东西的东西”What makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space roc

18、ket.谓谓谓谓1.It is a pity we might miss the opening scene.2.They lost their way in the forest and made matters worse was _ the night began to fall.3.There is no doubt,in my opinion,that matters is not quantity,but the quality of products.4.It doesnt interest me _ you succeed or not.5.they will have the

19、 sports meeting is still a question,for they have so many things to do.6.we are permitted to use the library is not known.7.the author referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.8.will be our English teacher in the new term hasnt been decided yet.thatthatwhat whatwhether when whet

20、her whatwho1._ struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.2._ he will refuse the offer is unlikely.3._ well go camping tomorrow or not depends on the weather.4._ the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids puzzled people for centuries.5.It is not yet clear _ broke the window of t

21、he classroom.6._ he will come back from France is unknown,and I will check the time.7.It is possible _ Bob will be present at the meeting tomorrow.8._ team will win the game is difficult to predict.WhatThatWhetherHowwhoWhenthatWhich1.Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2.If shes comi

22、ng or not doesnt matter much.3.That the professor said is of great importance.Thatthat 虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。Whetherif,whether 都可表示都可表示“是否是否”,”,但但 if 不能引导位于主句之前的主不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句语从句,它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语itit的主语从句。的主语从句。主语从句常见错误主语从句常见错误Whatthat 引导引导主语从句时无词义。主语从句时无词义。Wh

23、at the professor said 表示表示“教授所说的教授所说的”。4.Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.5.No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6.When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.将将 will 置于置于 trees 之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。Whoever 引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用引导让步状语从

24、句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用 whoever。remains主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。1.无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。_ ought to turn off the lights.2.他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。_ is a secret.3.我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。_ is unknown to us.4.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。_ when the plane is

25、to take off.5.很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。_ you cant attend my birthday party.Whoever leaves the room lastWhy he came here yesterdayWhen Jack will finish translating the bookIt has not been announcedIt is a pity thatThe passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.Complete the pass

26、age with the correct subject clauses in the box below.There is one clause you do NOT need to use.Write the letters in the blanks.Check your answers!P21 B2ebacWrite down your prediction about the development of space exploration,using subject clauses.Possible answer:It is clear that many exciting thi

27、ngs will happen in the development of space exploration in the future.I think manned space missions to Mars will happen in my lifetime and a permanent base on Mars will also be established.Hopefully,new energy sources will be developed,which will make space flight cheaper and faster.But how soon and how far we advance in developing the required technology to do so depends on the collaboration between the many countries around the world.It is possible that the technology will be available before 2040 and I am looking forward to that.