Unit3 Grammar and usage 定语从句（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、U n i t 3 G r a m m a r a n d U s a g e Restrictive Relative Clauses一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。She is the one that/who youll never forget.先行词关系代词二、关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as常用的关系副词有：when,where,why在定语从句中，关系词可以充当从句中的：subject 主语 object 宾语 p

2、redicative 表语 attribute 定语关系代词三.关系词的基本用法 在限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法：who 指人，在从句中做主语、宾语。(作宾语可省略)1）He was the only person in his company who was invited.Do you know the person(whom)I spoke to just now?2)Do you know the person(whom)we saw at the school gate?whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。(1)She was not on the train which arr

3、ived just now.(2)This is the place(which)they just now talked about.which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。All that are present burst into tears.that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。Ill never forget the summer holiday(that)I spent with you.1)The teacher praised the student whose composition won prizes.whose=the studen

4、ts 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 2)The house whose window is broken is deserted.whose=the houses window whose指人或物。作定语。表示所属关系。whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom =of which/whom+the+n.关系代词用法 关系代词 指代 在从句中 的作用 that which who whom 宾 whose(=of which)人/物 定人物 主宾 主宾 主宾 人 人人物 物 Jane is no longer a lazy girl.She used to be a

5、lazy girl.Jane is no longer the lazy girl that she used to be.下列情况，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导,不用which引导。特殊用法一：1)先行词是不定代词或被其修饰（all,some,any,few,little,much,every,each,no,anything,nothing,everything，something等）eg.1.Everything that we saw there was interesting.2.Im interested in all that I have seen.3.You can

6、keep any books that you find.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。eg.1.Wuhan is the hottest city that I have been to.2.The first thing that she would do is to have her hair fixed.3)先行词被the very,the only,the right,the last,just the等修饰eg.1.Is this the only thing that he does for his daughter?2.This is the very thing th

7、at Ive been looking for.eg.The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane.4)当先行词由人和物两部分组成时5)当主语以here,there开头时，只能用thateg,Here is the pen that you lost the day before yesterday.eg.Who is the man that you are talking to just now?Which is the magazine tha

8、t you borrowed yesterday?6）在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。7）先行词在从句中作表语时，通常用 that 引导。（常可省略）She is no longer the girl that she was before she married.先行词被 such,the same 修饰时，通常用as引导定语从句。特殊用法二：I have got into the same trouble as you have.He is such a handsome boy as many girls love.1)Have yo

9、u bought the same book _ I referred to yesterday.2)I have come across such a person _ you mention.asas介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 特殊用法三：1“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。e.g.1.The house in which I spent my childhood isnt far away.2.He has found a good job for which he is qualified.2有

10、时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。e.g.He is a learned man(whom/who/that)we are familiar with.3当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。e.g.This is the book which Im looking for.不能写成：This is the book for which Im looking.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系：The boy made a hole in the wall thro

11、ugh which he could see what is happening outside?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配：Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for sth)3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯：1949 was the year in which the PRC was founded.How to choose proper prepositions？（如何选择介词）先行词是the way时，如果在从句中做状语，用that/in which/省略特殊用法

12、四：eg：1)我喜欢你说话的方式。I dont like the way that/in which/-he speaks to me.2)I want to know the best way _ he told you.that作从句状语作从句宾语Practice makes perfectFill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1.This is the gun _ the hunter shot the antelope.2.The athletes _he will compete come from Greece and Czech

13、Republic.3.He will never forget the day _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time.4.The musicians _ we have great interest toured Europe with us.6.There wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.with whichagainst whomon whichin whomto whom正确使用定语从句的关系代词：根本依据：在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语？主语或宾语：who/whom（指人）that/which (指物)作定语：whose+n.=the+n.+of whom/which =of whom/which+the+n.作表语：that