Unit 4 Welcome to the unit -Reading 词汇讲解（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、单词预习检测单词预习检测 英汉互译英汉互译1.不做（应做的事等）；不参加 vt _ 2.昏倒；分发；分配 _ 3.立即；马上 adv _ 4.立即的；当前的 adj _ 5.专心；集中（注意力、思想等）v _ 6.性别；性 n _ 7.极端的；严重的 adj _ 8.变苗条；（使）减少；（使）缩小 _ skippass outimmediatelyimmediatesexextremeslim downconcentrate单词预习检测单词预习检测 英汉互译英汉互译9.百分之 n _ 10.担忧的；关心的 adj _ 11.结果；效应；作用；影响 n _ 12.副作用 _ 13.证明是；被发现

2、是 v _ 14.稍微；略微 adv _ 15.轻微的；略微的 adj _ 16.日常饮食；日常食物 n _ side effectproveslightlyslightdietconcernedeffectper cent/percent单词预习检测单词预习检测 英汉互译英汉互译17.工作；运转；起作用 vi _ 18.吸入；摄入；收留 _ 19.有活力的；精力充沛的；充满活力的 adj _ 20.有效的；生效的 adj _ 21.强身健体 _22.受惊的；害怕的 adj _ 23.令人害怕的；吓人的 adj _ 24.在范围/时间以内；不超过 prep _effectiveget into

3、 shapefrightenedfrighteningwithinenergeticfunctiontake in单词预习检测单词预习检测 英汉互译英汉互译25.相反地；反而 adv _26.方面 n _ 27.yog(h)urt n _28.faint vi _29.concentration n _ 30.nutrition n _ 31.frighten v _ 集中；专心集中；专心营养；营养学营养；营养学（使）惊恐；（使）惊吓（使）惊恐；（使）惊吓 昏厥；晕倒昏厥；晕倒ratheraspect酸乳；酸奶酸乳；酸奶1.skip词源义：jump over；基本义：跳(过)隐喻：“跳”的动作

4、(具体)“跳”过应做的事等(抽象)2.faint形容词动词化：眩晕的 晕倒；昏厥3.immediatelyimmediate+-ly(副词后缀)im-(not)+medi(middle)+-ate(形容词后缀)没有中间环节的 立即的 4.concentratecon-(together)+centr(centre)+-ate(动词后缀)一起到中心去 (使)集中(基本义)词块：concentrate on 词族：concentrate,concentrated,concentration本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理5.sexsex=cut,divide,表示“切，割”sex 表示用男、女“分”类

5、6.extreme基本义：极度的方法、天气等“极度的”极端的；严重的7.slim熟词生义：微小的；词块：a slim chance；形容词动词化：苗条的 变苗条词块：slim down 8.per centper(每)+cent(hundred 百、百分之一)百分比、百分率percent 是美式英语，per cent 是英式英语9.concernedconcern+-ed(concern的分词形容词)英语释义：involved in sth or affected by it;worried about sth,or caring about sb;believing that sth is

6、important词块：be concerned about/for,be concerned with,as far as be concerned词族：concern,concerned,concerning 10.effectef-(out 出)+fect(make,do 做)做出来 生效；效果；词块：side effect,have an effect on,take effect/come into effect,in effect派生词：effective11.prove词块：prove sth to sb,prove sb/sth(to be)+adj/n 12.slightly

7、slight+-ly(副词后缀)英语释义：a little13.diet词块：be/go on a diet,a balanced diet名词动词化：节食14.nutritionnutri(营养)+-tion(名词后缀)词块：poor nutrition词族：nutrition,nutritious,nutritional15.functionfunct(perform 活动)+-ion(名词后缀)名词动词化：工作；运转；起作用派生词：functional16.take in一词多义：基本义“使进入”17.energeticenergy+-etic(形容词后缀)词族：energy,energ

8、etic,energetically 18.effectiveeffect+-ive(形容词后缀)词族：effect,effective,effectively,effectiveness19.frightenedfright(n 惊吓)+-en(动词后缀)+-ed(形容词后缀)表示人的感受的分词形容词近义词：scared,afraid词族：fright,frighten,frightened,frightening词块：be frightened of;be frightened to death20.within合成词：with+in词块：within reach21.rather意为“相

9、当”时近义词：quite意为“相反地；反而”时词块：rather than,would rather do sth than do sth 22.aspectaspect(方面)原本是一个天文学术语，表示“星体的相对位置”。它由“a-(to)+spect(to look)”构成，字面意思就是“(星体相互)观看对方”。后来演变为“看待事物的方式”“事物呈现出来的外观”。同根词：respect,inspect,spectacular concentrate一词多义一词多义concern&concerned一词多义一词多义英语释义英语释义搭配义搭配义一词多义一词多义take inrather抽象名词

10、抽象名词用法搭配用法搭配辨析义辨析义重重难难点点词词精精讲讲effect搭配义搭配义prove搭配义搭配义分词形容词分词形容词skip一词多义一词多义skip v vi 跳；跳过跳；跳过：skip over the fenceShe watched her little granddaughter skip down the path.vi&vt 跳（绳）跳（绳）(AmE jump rope)：vi&vt 略过；遗漏略过；遗漏 to miss the next thing that you would normally read,do,etc.：I skipped over the last

11、part of the book.skip 的词源义和基本义是“跳（过）”(spring lightly,jump over)。辨析辨析 scan,skim,skipscan,skim 和 skip 是阅读文章时所采取的三种策略。scan 指通过快速阅读查找所需的某一特定信息，意为“查读查读”。He scanned the newspaper to find his name.skim 指通过快速阅读找到文章的中心思想，意为“略读略读”。Skim the passage to find the main idea.skip 指跳过即将阅读的某一部分内容，意为“跳读跳读”。Skip the fi

12、rst passage and start on Page 15.vt非正式用语不做（应做的事等）；不参加非正式用语不做（应做的事等）；不参加 to not do sth that you usually do or should do(miss)：She often skips meals/breakfast.She decided to skip the afternoons class.skip a grade 跳级跳级n C 蹦跳蹦跳课文改课文改skip 语义网络语义网络图图跳（过）跳（过）skip基本义基本义“跳跳”绳子绳子“跳过跳过”应做应做的事等的事等进行进行“跳跳”的的动作动作

13、不做（应做的事不做（应做的事等）；不参加等）；不参加跳；跳过跳；跳过跳（绳）跳（绳）“跳过跳过”要读要读的部分等的部分等略过；遗漏略过；遗漏 喝过进口果汁的同学可以注意下商标，上面往往有喝过进口果汁的同学可以注意下商标，上面往往有“apple juice concentrate;grape juice concentrate”等，那么大家知道等，那么大家知道concentrate在这里是什么意思吗？在这里是什么意思吗？生活中的生活中的concentrateconcentrateconcentrate由由con-+centr+-ate三部分构成，前缀三部分构成，前缀con-的意思的意思是是tog

14、ether“共同；一起共同；一起”，centr是是center“中心中心”，-ate是动是动词后缀。不难看出，词后缀。不难看出，concentrate的基本义是的基本义是“(使使)集中；集中；(使使)聚集于聚集于”。concentrate vt&vi(使使)聚集于；聚集于；(使使)浓缩：浓缩：Italian industry is concentrated mainly in the north.专心；集中专心；集中(注意力、思想等注意力、思想等)：She had trouble concentrating in class.concentrate(sth)on(doing)sth:We mu

15、st concentrate our efforts on improving education.n C&U 浓缩物；浓缩液：浓缩物；浓缩液：orange juice concentrate同义异构：同义异构：focus“集中集中”具体的人或物具体的人或物“集中集中”抽象的注意力等抽象的注意力等课文课文（使）聚集于（使）聚集于（使）浓缩（使）浓缩专心；集中专心；集中(注意力、思想等注意力、思想等)（使）集中（使）集中concentrate 基本义基本义concentrate 语义网络图语义网络图一物到另一物一物到另一物具体到抽象具体到抽象 词汇拓展词汇拓展 concentrated adj

16、浓缩的；聚集的；全神贯注的浓缩的；聚集的；全神贯注的be concentrated on(doing)sth concentration n C&U 集中；专心集中；专心：Concentration on your studies will result in good grades.Driving requires total concentration.This article _（关于）some studying methods.is aboutis/has to do with Everyday English温故知新温故知新concerns 关于；与关于；与有关有关 to be ab

17、out sth；涉及；牵涉涉及；牵涉 to affect/involve sb/sth：The film concerns a girl who goes to Africa as a volunteer.Please pay attention because this information concerns all of you.使担心使担心 to worry sb：It concerned her that her son hadnt been back home.concern oneself with 正式用语正式用语 关心；担心：关心；担心：A good doctor shoul

18、d always concern himself with his patients.concern vt 必修一必修一Unit 2 U 担心；忧虑担心；忧虑 a feeling of worry about sth important：the growing concern about/for/over continuing high unemployment U 关心关心 a feeling of wanting to protect and help sb/sth:Thank you for your concern.2014 四川书面表达I appreciate everyones c

19、oncern and help at this difficult time.C 担心的事；关心的事担心的事；关心的事 sth that worries you or that is important to you:The quality of books is a main concern to editors.What are your main concerns as a student?concern n 抽象名词具体化抽象名词具体化concern的名词释义和动词相关的名词释义和动词相关concern担心的事；关心的事担心的事；关心的事（抽象名词具体化）（抽象名词具体化）关于；与关于

20、；与有关；有关；涉及；牵涉涉及；牵涉使担心使担心担心；忧虑担心；忧虑关心关心 nv 不用于名词前不用于名词前 有关的；有关联的：有关的；有关联的：be concerned with/in:Her job is something concerned with computers.People concerned in the event were all punished.担忧的；关心的担忧的；关心的 worried about sth,or caring about sb：be concerned about/for:Im a bit concerned about/for her safe

21、ty.As tourism develops,people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment.concerned adj 关注的；关切的关注的；关切的 believing that sth is important：be concerned with:More people are concerned with the protection of endangered animals.Many of my students were more concerned with theirgrades than wit

22、h the knowledge they gained.as far as be concerned 就就而言；关于：而言；关于：As far as Im concerned,riding bicycles is a good solution to air pollution.Im doing fine as far as history is concerned,but my math is not good.effect R3 n C&U 结果；效应；作用；影响：结果；效应；作用；影响：greenhouse effect Global warming is having a great

23、effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.2012 四川bring/put.into effect 实施；实行实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效：在实施中；有效：Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.实际上；事实上：实际上；事实上：“Have a nice day”is a wonderful phrase,reminding us,in effect,to enjoy the moment.side effect 副作用

24、：副作用：Health experts are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.take effect 生效生效(come into effect)；起作用：；起作用：These measures are just beginning to take effect.词汇拓展词汇拓展 effective R3 adj 有效的有效的 反反 ineffective；生效的：；生效的：take effective measures/step

25、s The more I understood fish,the more I became effective at finding and catching them.2015 广东 effectively adv 有效地有效地 effectiveness n U 有效性有效性课文课文 vt 证明；证实：证明；证实：Riis believed that poverty caused crime,and he used photos to help him prove his point.2008 陕西 prove sth to sb:Just give me a chance and Il

26、l prove it to you.注：表示向某人证明某事时应该用 prove sth to sb，而不能用 prove sb sth。prove sb/sth(to be)+adj/n:They put me in prison,but,in the end,I was proved innocent.He proved himself(to be)a better driver than the world champion.prove v (proved,proved/proven)prove+(that)/wh-从句：从句：Sarah wants to prove that she h

27、as brains as well as beauty.2017 全国The challenge proved how difficult it is to drive across a desert without guidance.it is proved that:It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.prove oneself(to sb):When I first started this j

28、ob,I felt I had to prove myself.用作系动词证明是；被发现是用作系动词证明是；被发现是(turn out)：prove+adj/n:The book has proved very successful.prove to be sth:These so-called quick-fix methods prove to be harmful to teenagers.He proved to be an honest friend.课文课文take in使使进入进入（基本义）（基本义）take in 句中学句中学1.If you do not take in en

29、ough food,you may feel weak and get ill easily.2.He was homeless,so we took him in.3.It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.2014 湖北4.She took me in completely with her story.摄入摄入收留收留欺骗欺骗理解理解同义异构：同义异构：understand,absorb课文改课文改take in语义网络图语义网络图“使使进入进入”人身体、房间等“使使进入进入”大脑等“使使进入进入”

30、圈套等吸入；摄入；收留吸入；摄入；收留理解理解欺骗欺骗使使进入进入（基本义）（基本义）相当；颇相当；颇(quite)：She fell and hurt her leg rather badly.It was a nice house,but rather too small for a family of five.相反地；反而：相反地；反而：Its not cold.Rather,its very hot.Online voting sometimes does not depend on the strong points of the competitors,but rather on

31、 how many social networking resources they have.2016 江苏书面表达改rather adv1.四个词都可表示“相当”，但程度不同：fairly quite rather/pretty，pretty是非正式用语。2.四个词中，只有rather可以与比较级以及副词too连用。Its rather warmer today.This one is rather too large.注：表示身体康复时可说quite better。3.rather和quite有时可直接修饰动词,而fairly和pretty一般不这样用。I quite enjoyed m

32、yself at your party.She rather likes the book.4.修饰与不定冠词连用的形容词时，quite要放在不定冠词之前，rather放在不定冠词前或后都可以。quite a tall man a rather cold day/rather a cold day 辨辨fairly,quite,rather,pretty(or)rather 更确切地说：更确切地说：He worked till late last night,or rather,early this morning.rather than 而不是：而不是：From now on,Ill pay

33、 more attention to my health rather than my weight.It is better to express your anger,rather than bottle it up.would rather.(than)宁愿宁愿/宁可宁可（而不）：（而不）：Will you join us in the game?Thank you,but Id rather not.She would rather die than give in.Its getting late.Id rather(that)you left now.would rather 后的

34、 that 从句要用虚拟语气。从句用“一般过去时”表示现在或将来的情况；用“过去完成时”表示过去的情况。Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next weekend.Id rather you hadnt told my mother the truth.课文课文frightened adj 受惊的；害怕的受惊的；害怕的 afraid;feeling fear：I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Thursday.Frightened children were calling fo

35、r their mothers.be frightened of(doing)sth:Are you frightened of thunder?Im frightened of walking home alone at midnight.【分词形容词分词形容词】frightening adj 令人害怕的；吓人的令人害怕的；吓人的 making you feel afraid：a frightening experience/thought课文课文用括号内单词的正确形式填空，体会用括号内单词的正确形式填空，体会。1.This story is _(interest)and fun for t

36、he whole family to enjoy.(2014 全国)2.Im really _(interest)in this position and hope I can work for you.(2014 辽宁)3.They say its _(bore)to hear the same songs all the time.4._(bore)with life in the city,he moved to a village.5.Starting university can be exciting,and can also be _(worry).5.She was very

37、_(worry)about her sick mother.interestedinterestingBoredboringworriedworrying分词形容词分词形容词：很多动词的-ing分词和-ed分词已经成为独立词条的形容词，甚至有些分词形容词比其动词形式更为常用。例如：interested/interesting,excited/exciting,bored/boring,surprised/surprising,worried/worrying,tired/tiring,frightened/frightening。将上面的分词形容词分类：表示人的感受：表示人/物给人带来的感受：

38、interested,excited,bored,surprised,worried,tired,frightened interesting,exciting,boring,surprising,worrying,tiring,frightening,抽象名词抽象名词比起中文来，英文不但富于抽象名词，也喜欢用抽象名词。余光中品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词adjablepossible strongimportant happy n vcontribute assist treat achieve donate n abilitypossibilitystrengthim

39、portancehappinesscontributionassistancetreatmentachievementdonation由形容词派生而来的抽象名词叫作由形容词派生而来的抽象名词叫作品质抽象名词品质抽象名词，由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作行为抽象名词行为抽象名词。说出下列单词的名词形式。说出下列单词的名词形式。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义，体会英汉表达差异。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义，体会英汉表达差异。1.Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness._ 2.Green has

40、the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically._3.Our school made a contribution of 10,00 dollars to people of the poor area._4.Such a goal is impossible of achievement._5.Given the choice,I would make donations to those who still live under the bottom line of the modern living condition.（2014 广东）_ 幸福之门幸福之门能（能（=is able to）捐赠捐赠 实现实现 捐款捐款品质抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过形容词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的形容词形容词。行为抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过动词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的动词动词。