Unit 3 Grammar and usage定语从句及关系代词（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、定 语 从 句定 语 从 句定 语是对名词的修饰和限定。状态定语状态定语动作定语动作定语形容词 delicious juice名词 orange juice介词 the juice in the glass副词 the juice therethe juice which is made by Nina 妮娜的果汁the boy who is standing beside the table 在桌子旁的男孩什么是定语？什么是定语从句？My daughter likes the delicious juice.我女儿喜欢美味的果汁。My daughter likes the juice whi

2、ch is made by me.主语定语定语宾语主语宾语定语定语定语从句是在复合句中起定语从句是在复合句中起定语作定语作用。用。修饰某一修饰某一名词名词或或代词代词的从句的从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词定语从句所修饰的名词或代词关系词关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在定语从句中担当一个成分定语从句中的三要素定语从句定语从句修饰名词或代词紧跟在先行词后定语从句分类l 限制性定语从句：是先行词不可缺少的部分，删掉它则句意不明确。主句从句中没有逗号。eg.It is the tree that I planted three

3、 years ago.l 非限制性定语从句：是先行词的附加说明，删不删除都不影响句意。主句从句中常用逗号隔开。eg.It is the tree,which I planted three years ago.非限制定从关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which.(不能省略，通常不用that)举个The dentist who treated me is my uncle.去掉句意不完整去掉句意不完整My uncle is a dentist，who plays tennis every week.去掉句意完整去掉句意完整定 语 从 句 中 的 关 系 词（关 系 代 词/关 系 副

4、 词）关系代词nthatthat既可以指人，也可以指物，做宾语时可以省略。可代替which（指物时）,who,whom（指人时）必用that的情况：代、高、序、双、疑、特代、高、序、双、疑、特代：先行词被不定代词修饰不定代词修饰或先行词是不定代词本身。AllAll that can be done has been done.高：先行词被形容词最高级修饰This is the bestthe best film that I have ever seen.序：先行词被序数词序数词修饰。The first thingfirst thing that we should do is to work

5、 harder and harder.双：先行词即有人人，又有物物We talked about the person and thingsthe person and things that we remembered.疑：句中已有疑问词whowho或者whichwhich时，避免重复。WhoWho is the man that is making a speech.特：先行词被表示特指的词修饰，如the the only,the same,the veryonly,the same,the very等。The necklace is not the onlythe only thing

6、that I lost.注意：that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略只用which，不用that的情况：关系代词前有介词时。Im looking for a box in which I can put all these eggs.在非限制性定语从句中。My brother went to Tsinghua University,which we are all p

7、roud of.先行词原本就是that时。I dont like that which he did.关系代词后有插入语时。Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.1.This is all_I know about the accident.2.He is the only man _ I can find for the work.3.You must watch everything carefully _ the teacher does in class

8、.4.Is the house _ he wanted to sell very big?5.This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.6.I saw a desk on _ there was a book.小试牛刀小试牛刀thatthatthatthatwhichthatwhichwho用于指人，作主语或者宾语。The boy who broke the window is called Li Hua.打碎窗子的那个男孩叫李华。whom用于指人，作宾语。做宾语时可以用who替代，但是！但介词在关系代

9、词前时，只能用介词+whomShe is the girl who/whom I will go to Shanghai with.她就是要和我一起去上海的那个女孩。The person to whom you just talked is Miss.Deng.刚刚和你谈话的人是邓女士。注意：含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。用who不用that的情况：代、序、双、有、代、序、双、有、those当先行词为人称代词人称代词he，she，the

10、y或one（s），），anyone，nobody等指人的不定代词时。He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke.耍花招的人必定会受到戏弄。There is nobody who has no shortcomings.没有缺点的人是没有的。One who put his heart into it is sure to succeed.专心致志的人一定会成功。当指人的先行词是those，或者被those修饰修饰的时候。Those who work hard are sure to earn more money.工作努力的人一定挣更

11、多钱。He is one of those men who always make the worst of their trouble.他是那些老是把困难往最坏处想的人之一。当指人的先行词是序数词序数词或者被序数词修饰序数词修饰时。He is the third man who witnessed the murder.他是这起谋杀案第三位见证者。当指人的先行词与定从中被其他成分分隔时。He is the only doctor in the hospital who I trust.当指人的先行词由两个定语从句（双重定语从句）两个定语从句（双重定语从句）修饰时，第二个定语从句只能用who/

12、whom引导，不能用that，且第二个定从中的关系代词不可省略。She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.她是我所认识的唯一会弹吉他的女孩。There be结构中先行词指人先行词指人时。There is a beautiful girl who wants to see you.有位漂亮的女孩想见你。只用that不用who的情况：如果开头的疑问代词是who，为了避免重复，定语从句用that引导引导。（在特殊疑问句中）Who is the person that is standing at the gate？当先行词为疑问代词who

13、，which时。Who that knows his misfortune can help feeling an interest in him？凡是了解她的不幸的人，谁能不关心他呢？当关系代词在定语从句中作表语或者宾语补足语的时候，要用thatHe is no longer the man that he was.他已经不是过去的他了。当先行词同时包含人和物的时候。The bike and its rider that had run over（撞倒）an old man were taken to the police station.撞倒老人的自行车和车主已经被带到警察局。whose既

14、可指人，也可指物，它表示先行词和它所修饰的词是所属关系，在定语从句中作定语。We must repair the desks whose legs are broken.我们必须修理断了腿的书桌。whom和which之前加of也可以表示所属关系（of whom，of which）。这时的名词需要特指，故加定冠词the.I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake.=I want to help the children of whom the parents died in the earthquake.asa

15、s引导定语从句主要用于两种情况：一种是限定性定语从句，先行词通常被as，so，such，the same修饰，关系代词常用as：Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.那些对世界做出了巨大贡献的人巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。一种是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整先行词是整个主句个主句，它在从句中作主语主语或宾语宾语。As everybody knows，Shakespare was a great English writer.众所周知，莎士比亚是一位伟

16、大的英国作家Tom is a brave boy，as is described in the report.汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩，这正如在报道中描述的那样。请填写正确的关系词。请填写正确的关系词。1.The first place_they visited in London was the Big Ben.2.This is the best film _I ever seen.3.Have you taken down everything_ Mr Li said?4.There seems to be nothing_ is impossible to him in the world

17、.5.This is the very dictionary _ I want to buy.6.Give me any books_ you would recommend.7.Who is the man_is standing by the gate?that thatthat that that that that 8.The chair on_ she sat is made of（可以看出原材料）wood.9.Football,_ is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.10.Here is the English grammar book _,as Ive told you,will help you improve your English.11.People all like those_ have good manners.12.There are some people _ want to have holidays in Hainan.13.Professor Smith is coming soon_will give us a talk on how to learn English.which which which who who who