Unit 1 Grammar and Usage 句子成分和结构（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、L Leonaeona英语句子成分和结构英语句子成分和结构L Leonaeona词词 类类代、pronI I、youyou名、nmoneymoney形容词、adjcleverclever副词、advhappilyhappily数词、numberoneone、twotwo介、prepinin、onon连词 Conj.and,but,or冠词 Art.a,an,thea,an,the动、vplayplayL Leonaeona根据你对英语的了解完成下图：根据你对英语的了解完成下图：字母单词短语句子L Leonaeona一个句子一个句子=一部一部句子成分句子成分=电影中的电影中的电影电影角色角色一.

2、七大 句子成分L LeonaeonaRelationshipRelationship 句子成分句子成分补语状语定语表语宾语谓语主语L Leonaeona（subject,subject,S S）L Leonaeona（verb,verb,V V）L Leonaeona（Object,Object,O O）1.My friends all laugh at me.2.The braces hurt my teeth.3.I enjoyed talking to you.4.He did not want to join them.5.We hoped that all would come we

3、ll.6.My mother makes me breakfast every morning.（有些动词带两个宾语即双宾双宾：人人是间接宾语，物物是直接宾语直接宾语）人间物直=My mother makes breakfast for me every morning.L Leonaeona接双宾的动词接双宾的动词(双宾动词双宾动词)两种格式：两种格式：He brings cookies to me every day.(bring me sth)She made a beautiful dress for me.(make me sth)*用用to侧重指动作的方向侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着

4、表示朝着,向着向着,对着某人对着某人 give,show,send,bring,offer,lend,hand,pass,post,take,throw等。等。*用用for侧重指动作的受益者侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人表示为了某人,替某人替某人make,buy,do,cook,sing,order,book(预定预定),keep,save等。等。L Leonaeona补充说明宾语补充说明宾语的性质才能使句子的性质才能使句子的意义完整。的意义完整。l They elected me captain of the team.l We try to make our country strong

5、.l We found everything in good order there.l I should advise you to get the chance.l I saw him going upstairs.lThey found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语-复合宾语复合宾语（object object complementcomplement）OCL Leonaeona补充：补充：*主语补足语主语补足语 表示动作发生时表示动

6、作发生时主语的状态主语的状态 He died young.The bottle was found empty.L Leonaeona说明主语的身份，特征，状态说明主语的身份，特征，状态She looked sick.Im a teacher.1)1)be动词：动词：2)2)表表感官感官的动词的动词:3)3)表表变化变化的动词的动词:4)4)表表持续持续的动词：的动词：5)5)表表表像表像的动词的动词:6)6)表表终止终止的动词：的动词：feel,smell,taste,sound,lookfeel,smell,taste,sound,look prove,turn out prove,tur

7、n out（证明）（证明）become,get,turn,go,growbecome,get,turn,go,growremain,stay,keep,continueremain,stay,keep,continuePseem,appear(seem,appear(似乎，好像似乎，好像)L LeonaeonalMy father is a professor.l Its me.lEverything here is expensive.lThe story of my life may be of help to others.lThree times five is fifteen.lHi

8、s plan is to seek work in the city.lMy first idea was that you should hide your feelings.名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adj介词短语介词短语数词数词句子句子to do不定式不定式L Leonaeona They are woman workers.Toms father didnt write home until yesterday.Mary is a beautiful girl.The play has three acts.This is her first trip to Euro

9、pe.China is a developing country.I have nothing to eat.Those who want to go to Tibet sign their names here.名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词物主代词物主代词/序数词序数词/to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句单词单词作定语时在名词之作定语时在名词之前前；短语和短语和从句从句作定语放在名词之作定语放在名词之后后。L Leonaeona The best fish swim near the bottom.I left t

10、he village five years ago.I was late because of the traffic jam.Well send a car to fetch you.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones.The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,I will give up this opportunity.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点状语地点状语时间状

11、语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语说明说明动作或状态特征动作或状态特征的句子成分的句子成分在句中表明在句中表明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随、方式条件、让步、伴随、方式情况等。情况等。“把句子壮大把句子壮大”L LeonaeonaThe lazy student always makes his parents angry.A B C D定补定状频率英语中一共两种修饰成分：英语中一共两种修饰成分：修饰修饰名词名词的叫的叫“定语定语”修饰名词以外的修饰名词以外的其他成分其他成分的

12、统统叫的统统叫“状语状语”L Leonaeona二.五种简单句基本句型 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语L LeonaeonaExercise 书本书本P6-7L Leonaeona1.The car stopped.2.He is happy.3.I like reading.4.He bought me a book.5.I find English easy.6.He runs very

13、fast.7.He speaks English fluently.8.There is a book on the desk.*Sentence elements and sentence structures1.主谓主谓(SV)2.主系表主系表(SVP)3.主谓宾主谓宾(SVO)4.主谓双宾主谓双宾(SVOO)5.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补(SVOC)6.主主+谓谓+状状(SVA)7.主主+谓谓+宾宾+状状(SVOA)8.存现句存现句:There be句型句型 L LeonaeonaExploring the rules：1.I agree.2.Setting goals gives you a

14、 focus.3.These habits will be helpful.4.Setting goals makes you more confident.5.You will live a happy life.P6 A L LeonaeonaExploring the rulesExploring the rulesSubject主Verb谓 I agree.Subject VerbPredictive表Subject VerbObject宾Subject VerbIndirect object间宾Direct object直宾Subject VerbObjectObject compl

15、ement These habitswill be helpful.You will have a happy life.Setting goals givesyoua focus in life.Setting goals makesyoumore confident.主谓主谓(SV)主谓主谓+双宾双宾(SVOO)主系主系+表表(SVP/SP)主谓主谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(SVOC)主谓主谓+宾宾(SVO)Subject主Verb谓 I agree.Subject VerbPredictive表Subject VerbObject宾Subject VerbIndirect object间宾Dir

16、ect object直宾Subject VerbObjectObject complement These habitswill be You will have a happy life.Setting goals givesyoua focus in life.Setting goals makesyoumore confident.主谓主谓(SV)主谓主谓+双宾双宾(SVOO)主系主系+表表(SVP/SP)主谓主谓+宾宾(SVO)主系主系+表表(SVP/SP)主谓主谓+宾宾(SVO)L LeonaeonaUseful expressions：1.set goals/set a goal2

17、.tie.to.3.focus 4.develop good habits5.realize/achieve goals6.pay attention to7.make progress(in.)8.as a result/as a result e true1.制定目标制定目标2.把把.绑绑/系在系在.上上3.焦点焦点n.聚焦聚焦v.focus on./be focused on.4.养成好习惯养成好习惯5.实现目标实现目标6.注意注意7.在在.取得进步取得进步8.结果结果9.实现实现 1.1.我们要养成好习惯，制定目标，把目标跟行动结合起来，我们要养成好习惯，制定目标，把目标跟行动结合起来

18、，然后才能然后才能取得进步，并实现目标。取得进步，并实现目标。We should develop good habits,set clear goals and tie the goals to action.Then we can make great progress and realize our goals.L LeonaeonaMark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.Use the example below to help you.You will enjoy(personal)grow

19、th at(high)school.Applying the rules：P7 B1 L LeonaeonaSubject:Verb:Object:Predicative:Object complement:Adverbial:Attributive:()Different symbols：L Leonaeona1.You will find senior high school different from junior high school.2.Your schoolwork will be more challenging.3.We will give you more indepen

20、dence.4.You should listen more carefully.5.You can join a club.6.Your teachers will help you in many ways.7.You will succeed!P7 B1 L Leonaeona1.You will find senior high school different from junior high school.2.Your schoolwork will be more challenging.3.We will give you more independence.4.You sho

21、uld listen more carefully.5.You can join a club.6.Your teachers will help you in many ways.7.You will succeed!()()()()()()()P7 B1 L LeonaeonaApplying the rules：P7 B2 1.The tips below may help you.2.they will seem easire to reach.3.This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term g

22、oal.4.You can place the list on your bedside table.5.You may find achieving goals difficult.6.You should not give up.7.You will succeed in the end.主谓主谓+宾宾+状状(SVOA)-g 主谓主谓+双宾双宾(SVOO)-d 主系主系+表表(SVP/SP)-b 主谓主谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(SVOC)-e 主谓主谓+宾宾(SVO)-c 主谓主谓(SV)-a 主谓主谓+状状(SVA)-f c-b-d-g-e-a-fL LeonaeonaUseful expre

23、ssions：1.base A on B2.stick.on.3.remind sb.of sth.4.keep sb.focused 5.stick to sth.1.把把.的基础建立在的基础建立在.上上2.把把.贴在贴在.上上3.提醒某人某事提醒某人某事 4.使使.集中集中/专注专注5.坚持坚持 我们的行动要以目标为基础，然后把目标贴在墙上。它会不断提我们的行动要以目标为基础，然后把目标贴在墙上。它会不断提醒你你的梦想，让你专注。你才能坚持你的梦想，并为此而努力。醒你你的梦想，让你专注。你才能坚持你的梦想，并为此而努力。We should base our action on our go

24、al,and stick your goal on the wall.It will remind you of your dream and keep you focused.You will stick to your dream and fight for it.Our action should be based on our goal.L Leonaeonabase v./n.base v./n.basic adj.基本的基本的 basically adv.基本上基本上basis n.原因；基准原因；基准单句填空（1）vt.以为基础（依据）1.Theory should be _（b

25、ase）on practice.（2）n.根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营They settled down _the mountain.base.on/upon.以以为基础为基础be based on/upon 以以为为基础基础在在底部底部at the base of basedL Leonaeonafocus n./v.focus n./v.1.The incident brought the problem of violence in schools_ focus.2.He is focusing his attention _ building a path behind his ho

26、use.（1）n.焦点，重点焦点，重点bring sth.into focus 使某事成为焦点使某事成为焦点（2）vt.&vi.集中集中 focus on/upon 集中注意力于，关注（集中注意力于，关注（=concentrate on/upon）focus.on.把把集中到集中到上上into onL Leonaeonaremind vt.remind vt.1.The photos reminded me of my childhood.2.My mother often reminds me to keep a positive attitude towards life.remind s

27、b.remind sb.of of sb./sth.sb./sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某人提醒某人某事；使某人想起某人/某事某事remind sb.remind sb.toto do sth.do sth.提醒某人做某提醒某人做某事事 L Leonaeonaas a result of.as a result of.由于由于.同义句转换（1）He worked very hard.As a result,he had his English improved.He had his English improved working hard.（2）He was lazy so he fai

28、led.He failed his laziness.He was lazy.，he failed.His laziness his failure.His failure his laziness.（3）Jenny nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping.as a result of as a result ofAs a resultresulted inresulted fromas a result of L LeonaeonaHomeworkL LeonaeonaL Leonaeona1.I found the book eas

29、ily.2.I found the book easy.3.He got himself into trouble.4.He got her a splendid present.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。1.I found the book easily.2.I found the book easy.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+状语状语判断下列句子

30、属于哪种简单句类型。判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型。主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补L Leonaeona5.Things change.6.Mr.Brown is an artist.7.The girl dances well.8.I will tell you a good news.主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？判断下列句子属于哪种简单句类型？6.Mr.Brown is an artist.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语L Le

31、onaeonaApplying the rules：P7 B3 Whats your goal?How are you going to achieve your goals?Write about it using different sentence structures.Example:I will try to improve my English in the new term.There are a lot of things I need to do to achieve this goal.I will read two English novels this term.I will also try to find a language partner.Joining the English club will be helpful to me too.All my efforts will pay off!