2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第一册Unit 3 定语从句（ppt课件）.pptx

1、定语从句1定语从句基本结构 主 句先行词 +关系词 +(主语)+谓语+(宾语）2先行词的定位1、的，多为adj.或短句2、出现两次以上的名词或代词 这本词典是我爸爸在美国买的。这本词典是我们的英语老师极力推荐的。This dictionary which my father bought in America has been highly recommended by our English teacher.3关系词关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose关系副词：when,where,why关系代词as 4关系词修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分Who人主语、宾语、表语Wh

2、om人宾语Which物主语、宾语、表语That人或物主语、宾语、表语Whose人或物定语When时间名词时间状语Where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语5The young lady _ is standing by the window is our English teacher.The dress _I wanted to buy yesterday was sold out.Where is the student _ Professor Hopkins praised at the meeting yesterday?6whowhichwhomThat is the man

3、_ house was broken into by burglars yesterday.He lives in the room _windows face south.7whosewhoseI shall never forget that day _ we moved into a new house.This is the place _John always parks his car.She did not know the reasons _she was fired by her company.8whenwherewhy关系词的用法小结 1、口语中常用who代替whom，但

4、介词后只能用whom。2、that=who/whom/which 3、关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可省略 4、关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略 John is not the naughty boy(who/that)he used to be.The city is not the one(that)it was years ago.9关系词的用法小结 5、whose=of whom/which 6、关系副词相当于介词+which 的结构 7、that有时可以替代when/where/why/介词+which，其先行词常为the way,the time,the day,the place,t

5、he reason等表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词。口语中that常被省略。8、先行词为the place,the reason,the way时，关系副词常省略10介词和关系代词 1、关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时，不可用that,只能用whom或which；但当介词位于从句句尾时，作为介词宾语的代词仍可用that,或者省略。This is the house in which we lived last year.The woman with whom I went is my aunt.This is the house(which/that)we lived in last year.

6、The issue is a hot topic(which/that)people are talking about.11介词和关系代词2、在含有介词的动词固定词组中，其介词不可前置，只能在原来位置上。This is the person whom you are looking for.12定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，将定语从句分为：限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句13Mr.Jacksons son,who is pursuing his doctoral studies in Australia，came back home last week for ho

7、liday stay.Mr.Jacksons son who is pursuing his doctoral studies in Australia came back home last week for holiday stay14对比限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限定你正在谈论的事物给出附加的非本质信息that可以替换who或者which不能用that和why（whom不可以用who来替代）如果关系代词指的是宾语，可以省略关系代词不可省略无逗号必须有逗号15抓句子主干 Such expansion,which was to take the English language west

8、 to America and east to India,was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism.(剑5 阅读）It is very likely that the key board,which we have used for over a century,will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation as we speak to them.（阅读）16揣测生词的意思Another

9、 interest-based procedure is mediation,in which a third party assists the disputants,the two sides in the dispute,in reaching argument.（阅读）The most typical rights procedure is adjudication,in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decisio

10、n that must be followed by both disputants.（阅读）17写作中的运用Nanjing,which is a great city,attracts many visitors everyday.Michael Jackson,who was my favorite idol,died in 2009.This book,which I have read a few times,is very interesting.In China,the most important traditional festival is Spring Festival,w

11、hen all the family members would come back home and get together.18n./pron.+prep.+关系代词I have a lot of English books a few of which I bought myself at the Foreign Language Bookstore last year.Greenberg is in a minority among fellow linguists,most of whom favour the notion of a great many waves of mig

12、ration to account for the more than 1,000 languages spoken at one time by American Indians.19prep.+关系代词+n.In 1960 he came to London,in which city he has lived ever since.The building may be in a conservation area or near housing,in which case it will be much more difficult to consider changes.20whic

13、h引导非限制性定语从句由which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词对应的不仅可以是一个词或短语，也可以是主句的一部分甚至一个完整的句子；而在限制性定语从句中which就绝对不能用于修饰一个句子。21which引导非限制性定语从句(口语)My brother is a book-worm,when deeply absorbed in his books,which he often is,he will forget about everything.(口语)I am quite an outgoing person,which my brother is not.(阅读)Fathers sp

14、end less time in housework and childcare,which is regarded by some scientists as a major contributor to the stress-related anxiety of employed mothers.22which的其他用法 which在一些特定情况下也可用来指人1、当先行词是婴儿或儿童时 My elder sister had a baby which was a girl yesterday.He made a face to the child which was in the moth

15、ers arm.2、当先行词指人的集体名词时，可以把它看做整体而作为单数名词使用，使用which Yao Ming is very grateful to American public which warmly supports him.23which的其他用法3、当先行词是强调某人所具有的性格、人品、素质、地位或职业时，可以用which Bonny is quite different from the girl which I thought her to be.He is a professor which commands our great admiration.24Where的用

16、法Where的先行词通常是表地点或处所的名词，如place,the city,country,street,house,room,village等，但也可以是抽象名词，例如：point,case,condition,situation,stage,position.25whereWe were in a situation where there were no easy solutions.Im almost at the stage where Im ready to quit my job and go into business for myself.Ive reached the p

17、oint where I feel I should just give up.26关系代词asas可以指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语1、引导限制性定语从句，相当于who或which It is one of those things as people used not to know much about.Those as want to come can with me.27as2、限制性定语从句中常与such搭配 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.He was such a listener as most music

18、ians would be glad to welcome.Jeffrey is not such a diligent student as you think.Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.28as区别Network has such great influence(that)it can make a person famous overnight.suchthat引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，口语中可以省略29as3、the s

19、ameas结构的定语从句，as 不可省略(与the samethat的区别）She knew he felt just the same as she did.4、asas(so as),前一个as 为副词，后一个as 为关系代词 He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.You can take as many candies as you want.We havent so much food as you need.30as5、as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，所修饰的常常是整个主句内容 He was an Englishma

20、n,as they can perceived by his accent.To write a dull book,as any poor writer could do,was unworthy of him.The movie is very touching,as most audience say.31as 6、as用于as we all know 等句式中 She,as we all know,can speak three foreign languages.He is a great hero,as is described in the report.She has made

21、 much progress,as we had expected.As is known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer.Daniel is absorbed in work,as he often was.32关系代词butbut 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语。当主句含否定意义时，but可作关系代词引导限制性定语从句，意为“没有什么不”，相当于that not,who not。（注意：but在从句中充当主语时，从句中不会再有其他的主语）33but There is no man but would be

22、surprised at the news.没有人不对这个新闻感到惊讶。There is no habit so old but may be cured by a strong will.只要有坚强的意志，没有什么老毛病是改不掉的。There is not one of us but wishes to help you.我们之中没有一个人不愿意帮助你的。34that与which1、先行词为不定代词如 anything,nothing,everything,all,any,little,few,none,much,one，something等时用that There is nothing t

23、hat does not contain contradiction.The conference was similar to any that had gone before.I dont want to come again.2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时用that The third tree that I planted was cut down by someone again.The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.35that与which 3、先行词被all.

24、any,every,few,no,some,the very,the last,the only 等词修饰时用that I have no money that I can spare.Would you please correct any wrong spellings that you find?They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month.4、先行词既有人又有物时用that He was watching the children and parcels that filled the c

25、ar.36that与which5、主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时，关系代词用that Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Bacon?6、非限制性定语从句用which，介词后用which7、先行词本身就是that时用which,先行词后有插入语时用 which I have that which you give me.Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.37that

26、与who先行词是指人的不定代词one,ones,anyone或those时宜用who The ones who flatter me dont please me.Those who have good manners will be highly respected.（补充：the one常与定语从句连用）He is the one who suggested I became a teacher.That house is the one where I grew up.38that与who 先行词指人且后置定语较长；或先行词与定语从句分割时宜用who The boy was crying

27、 hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.There be 开头的句子中宜用who There are many young men who support him.39transformation1、be动词定语从句的变形 如果关系词which/who/that在定语从句中作主语，后面跟的谓语动词是be动词，则可以将关系词和be动词一起省略。这种用法在阅读和写作考试中非常普遍。40transformationScientists are seeking a drug(which is)able to prolong life.(剑

28、6 阅读)The teacher(who is)giving a lecture now just returned from England.I love the poems(which were)written by Shelly.41transformation2、实义动词定语从句的变形 关系词which/who/that在定语从句中作主语且紧跟在其后的谓语动词为实义动词时，可以省略关系词，此时谓语动词变为现在分词。42transformationResearch,relating to identical twins,has highlighted how significant in

29、herited characteristics can be for an individuals life.That is my home standing at the top of the mountain.43transformation My brother,who lived in France for ages,now lives in Beijing.My brother,having lived in France for ages,now lives in Beijing.My mother,who hasnt been used to living in the city,has made up her mind to settle in the country.My mother,not having been used to living in the city,has made up her mind to settle in the country.44