Unit 1 Nature in the nature 词汇（ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、M3 U1 Nature in the balanceWords and expressions 11.harm n.&vt.伤害，损害伤害，损害 harmful adj.伤害的伤害的 harmless adj.无害的无害的 harm the environment 损害环境损害环境 do/cause harm to=be harmful to 对某物有害对某物有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利弊大于利 There is no harm in doing sth=It is no harm to do sth 做做 某事没有什么坏处某事没有什么坏处 e.g.吸烟有害我

2、们的身体健康吸烟有害我们的身体健康Smoking does harm to/is harmful to our health.e.g.问一问也无妨。问一问也无妨。There is no harm in asking.=It is no harm to ask.2.ecosystem n.生态系统生态系统maintain the balance of the Earths ecosystem eco-生态的；环境的生态的；环境的 ecology n.生态；生态学生态；生态学 ecological adj.生态的生态的 eco-friendly adj.生态友好的生态友好的3.overseas a

3、dj/adv.海外的，国外的海外的，国外的 海外留学生海外留学生/市场市场 overseas students/markets在国外生活在国外生活/出国出国 live overseas/go overseas4.region n.地区，区域；行政区地区，区域；行政区regional adj.地区的；区域的；地方的地区的；区域的；地方的autonomous region 自治区自治区 5.continent n.大陆，陆地，洲大陆，陆地，洲 continental adj.大陆的，洲的大陆的，洲的the South American continent南美大陆南美大陆 continental d

4、rift大陆漂移大陆漂移6.million num.一百万；许多，大量一百万；许多，大量 millionaire n.百万富翁；大富豪百万富翁；大富豪6 million 六百万六百万 millions of 数百万的数百万的one in a million万里挑一的人万里挑一的人/物；不同寻常的人物；不同寻常的人/物物7.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，片长长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，片长 long adj.长的，长距离的长的，长距离的1)two meters in length/width/height/depth =two meters long/wide/high/deep

5、2)at length 长时间地长时间地,详尽地；最后详尽地；最后 Weve discussed the subject at great length.“I dont agree,”she said at length.3)a length of rope/wire/pipe 一段绳子一段绳子/电线电线/管子管子4)In order to avoid getting hurt,she keeps/holds all the strangers at arms length.与某人保持距离，不亲近某人与某人保持距离，不亲近某人词汇积累：词汇积累：full-length 全身的，落地的全身的，落

6、地的 shoulder-length 齐肩的齐肩的 knee-length 及膝的及膝的联想：联想：long length lengthen （使）变长（使）变长 strong strength strengthen high height heighten wide width widen deep depth deepen8.biodiversity n.生物多样性生物多样性bio-生物的生物的;人生的人生的 biography n.传记传记biology n.生物学生物学 biotechnology/biochemistry diversity n.多样化多样化,多元化多元化 the q

7、uality or the fact of including a range of many people or thingsbiological/cultural/ethnic diversitye.g.There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.教育方面需要更加多元化和跟大的选择性。教育方面需要更加多元化和跟大的选择性。a great/wide/rich diversity of opinions 意见纷纭，多种多意见纷纭，多种多样的意见样的意见 diversify vt.使多样化使多样化 diverse a

8、dj.多样化的多样化的9.species n.(pl.species)种；物种种；物种the diversity of species 物种的多样性物种的多样性 endangered species 濒危物种濒危物种many species of flowers 许多种花许多种花10.nut 坚果坚果1)a tough/hard nut(to crack)棘手的问题棘手的问题,难办的事难办的事;难对付的人难对付的人(2)(in compounds)a person who is extremely interested in a particular subject,activity着迷的人，

9、着迷的人，专注于某事的人专注于某事的人a fitness/computer nut健身健身/电脑迷电脑迷11.variety n.1)several different sorts of the same thing（同一事物的）（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样不同种类，多种式样a(wide)variety of=varieties of=variouse.g.All of them arrived late for a variety of/varieties of reasons.2)diversity,the quality of not being the same变化变化,多样性多样

10、性e.g.The variety of goods in this shop is rich.I dont like to do the work which lacks variety.3)a rare variety of tulip 稀有的郁金香品种稀有的郁金香品种词形变化：词形变化：various adj.vary vi.to be different;change vary from A to B=vary between A and BThe prices vary between 20 and 50.Opinions vary from person to person on v

11、accination.varying degrees/levels of 不同程度不同程度/水平的水平的.12.beneath prep.在在.下方下方,在在.下面下面;配不上配不上the earth lying beneath a blanket of snow被白雪覆盖的大地 They thought she had married beneath her.13.mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群大量；团，块，堆；一大群 a mass of/masses of 大量的大量的（+C/U）the masses 群众群众,百姓百姓 the mass of people=the majorit

12、y of people 中的大多数中的大多数 adj.大批的，广泛的，数量极多的大批的，广泛的，数量极多的mass media/market 大众传媒大众传媒/大众市场大众市场mass production/unemployment 批量生产批量生产/大批失业大批失业14.towering adj.高大的高大的,高耸的；出色的高耸的；出色的towering cliffs 高耸的悬崖高耸的悬崖a towering performance 出色的表演出色的表演 tower vi.be much taller than people or things around;or be much bette

13、r than others in quality or ability 比比高；高；胜过胜过tower over/above sb./sth.高于高于;胜过胜过,远远超过远远超过He towered over his father when he was only ten.The famous dancer towers above all the other dancers of her generation.这个著名舞蹈演员远远超过同时代的所有其他舞蹈演员。这个著名舞蹈演员远远超过同时代的所有其他舞蹈演员。15.living 1)adj.活着的，活的；在使用的活着的，活的；在使用的 liv

14、ing things/creatures 生物生物 living languages 现用语言现用语言 Its the worst storm within/in living memory.在还活着的在还活着的人们的记忆中人们的记忆中be living proof of sth./that 证明证明属实属实,是是活生生的证明活生生的证明Im living proof that you dont need a college degree to be successful.2)cn.生计，谋生；生活方式生计，谋生；生活方式 earn/make a/ones living 谋生谋生 make a

15、 good living 过优裕的生活过优裕的生活 living conditions/standards 生活条件生活条件/生活水准生活水准 区分：区分：living/alive/lively/livealive“活着的活着的,有活力的有活力的”,多修饰人，多修饰人，作表语、作表语、后置后置定语或定语或补语补语.people alive 活着的人活着的人 He was buried alive in the earthquake.living“活着的活着的”,可修饰人与物可修饰人与物,与与“alive”同义同义,作前置定语或表语作前置定语或表语.lively“充满活力的充满活力的,生动有趣的

16、生动有趣的”,可指人或物可指人或物,作前置定语或表语作前置定语或表语.a lively discussion 热烈的讨论热烈的讨论live“活的活的”,一般不指人一般不指人,只作只作前置定语前置定语；还可指；还可指“现场直播的现场直播的”.live animals 活动物活动物 live music 现场演奏的音乐现场演奏的音乐 be broadcast live 现场直播现场直播（adv.）16.survive vt.to continue to live despite a dangerous event 从从中逃生中逃生,幸免于幸免于,幸存幸存 No one survived the a

17、ir crash.survive an accident/the severe winter/the crisis live longer than sb.比比.活得长活得长 She survived her husband by twenty years.vi.to continue to live 继续存活继续存活 survive on low wages 靠靠.维持生活维持生活 survive from sth.从从留存下来留存下来 Some traditions have survived from earlier times.survival n.U 幸存幸存 the surviva

18、l of the fittestsurvivor n.C 幸存者，生还者幸存者，生还者填空：填空：After he _ the earthquake,the old man became one of the _ and his _ brought his old friends a very merry moment.联想：联想：refuse refusal arrive arrival remove removal approve approval propose proposalsurvivedsurvivorssurvival17.in turn 1)相应地，转而相应地，转而 as a

19、 result of sth.;accordingly 增加生产会继而增加利润。增加生产会继而增加利润。Increased production will,in turn,lead to increased profits.2)依次；轮流依次；轮流take turns to do sth=do sth in turn让我们轮流擦黑板吧。让我们轮流擦黑板吧。Lets clean the blackboard in turn.18.microorganism cn.微生物微生物 micro-微小的微小的;规模小的规模小的 微米微米 micrometre 显微镜显微镜 microscope微波炉微波

20、炉 microwaveorganism n.有机体；微生物有机体；微生物 19.nutrient n.营养物营养物,营养素营养素draw nutrients from the soil nutrition un.营养营养,营养的不急营养的不急 nutritionist cn.营养学家营养学家 nutritional adj.营养的营养的 value nutritious adj.富含营养的富含营养的 foodRevision:20.break downa.(化学性的化学性的)分解分解 Plastics are not easy to break down.b.损坏损坏,发生故障发生故障Our

21、car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.c.身体垮掉；精神崩溃大哭身体垮掉；精神崩溃大哭His health has broken down completely.He broke down and wept when he heard the news.d.（谈判）失败（谈判）失败Peace talks have broken down in the Middle East.f.打倒，砸破（某物）打倒，砸破（某物）The police broke down the door and rushed in.break into （vt.）

22、强行闯入，撬开）强行闯入，撬开break in (vi.)破门而入破门而入break off （使）折断（使）折断/断开；停顿断开；停顿,中断；终止中断；终止,断绝断绝（关系）（关系）engagement/diplomatic relationsbreak out （战争、疾病等的）（战争、疾病等的）爆发，突然开始爆发，突然开始break through 取得突破取得突破;突围突围,冲破冲破break up 分手；（关系）破裂分手；（关系）破裂,解散；散会；学校解散；散会；学校放假；拆分，拆解；破碎放假；拆分，拆解；破碎21.breathe life into 给给.带来起色带来起色,注入活力

23、注入活力 给房地产市场注入活力给房地产市场注入活力 breathe life into the housing market24.thus adv.因此，从而，这样The universities have expanded,thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.大学扩招了，这样就使更多的人有机会接受高等教育。We do not own the building.Thus,we cant sell it.He hurt his leg and thus failed to get there on time.

24、22.due to 由于，因为由于，因为=because of=as a result/consequence of=on account of=owing to=in consequence of=thanks to这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。The project had to be abandoned due to the lack of government funding.这个孩子害怕上学，因为他被卷入校园欺凌事件中这个孩子害怕上学，因为他被卷入校园欺凌事件中了。了。The boy is afraid of going to sch

25、ool due to the fact that he was caught up in school bullying.due adj.1)owed to sb.as a debt 应支付的应支付的,欠的欠的;应给的应给的That money is due to me,but I havent got it yet.Thanks are due to all those who took part.2)if sth.is due,it must be paid immediately 到期的到期的The bank loan is due this month.3)expected or ar

26、ranged 预期的预期的,(按时间按时间)应到达的应到达的 We are due to leave tomorrow.The earliest train is due here at 7:00 a.m.Note:1,2,3 not before noun(4)proper,suitable or enough 适当的适当的 only before nounPlease handle the box with due care.After due consideration,we gave up the plan.Further details will be announced in du

27、e course.23.agriculture n.农业，农学 agricultural adj.农业的，农学的 农业的发展 the development of _ 农业社会 _ societies 24.cattle n.牛牛 （虽单数形式，但是（虽单数形式，但是复数复数）a head of cattle 20 heads of cattleagriculture agricultural 25.impact 1)n the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sthhave/make an/no impact on 对对.有影响有影响/冲击力冲击力hav

28、e a major/significant/profound impact on impact(of sth)on sb/sth 某物对某物对的影响的影响 We have felt the impact of recession on common people.2)vi/vtto have an effect on sthimpact(on/upon)sth 对对.有影响有影响be impacted by 受受.影响影响The choice of majors will impact(on)your future career.The companys performance was imp

29、acted by the economic crisis.26.extinction una situation in which a plant,an animal,a way of life,etc,stops existing 灭绝，绝种灭绝，绝种face/be threatened with extinction 面临灭绝面临灭绝in danger of extinction 有灭绝危险有灭绝危险on the verge of extinction 在灭绝边缘在灭绝边缘adj.extinct 不再存在的，已灭绝的不再存在的，已灭绝的 an extinct species一个已灭绝的物种

30、一个已灭绝的物种 27.damage vt harm or spoil sth损害，毁坏损害，毁坏 damage ones health/reputation 损害某人的健康损害某人的健康名誉名誉 n physical harm caused to sth that makes it less useful/harmful effects on sb损害，伤害，损坏，破损害，伤害，损坏，破坏坏cause/do serious/permanent/minor damage to sthbrain/liver damage emotional damage resulting from divor

31、cedamages n.法律法律损害赔偿金损害赔偿金辨析辨析 destroy/damage/ruindestroydestroy指彻底破坏指彻底破坏,毁灭毁灭,以致不能修复或无法修复以致不能修复或无法修复,强调强调破坏方式有力和粗暴破坏方式有力和粗暴.也可表示对希望、计划的破灭。也可表示对希望、计划的破灭。damagedamage指价值、效率、功能降低或外表损坏，不一定全部指价值、效率、功能降低或外表损坏，不一定全部破坏，还可以修复破坏，还可以修复.ruinruin只是强调彻底毁灭或毁坏，但方式不一定有多大力量，只是强调彻底毁灭或毁坏，但方式不一定有多大力量，也许是一次性的行动。破坏的原因通常

32、是：自然现象，年也许是一次性的行动。破坏的原因通常是：自然现象，年龄，疏忽等。龄，疏忽等。多用于借喻中多用于借喻中,侧重侧重破坏事物的内在价值。破坏事物的内在价值。（not as good/perfect as before；spoil）那个城镇在一场大火中被烧毁了。那个城镇在一场大火中被烧毁了。公共汽车撞到墙上，受到严重破坏。公共汽车撞到墙上，受到严重破坏。突如其来的大雨毁了我们的计划。突如其来的大雨毁了我们的计划。The town was destroyed in a big fire.The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall.It ra

33、ined suddenly,which ruined our plan.M3 U1 Nature in the balanceWords and expressions 228.climate n1)c/uthe regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place气候 a mild/warm climate global climate change 2)ca general feeling or situation which exists in a particular place at a particular time

34、倾向/思潮/风气/环境氛围 the present political/economic/social climatethe current climate of opinion 目前的舆论倾向climatic adj.与气候有关的 conditions29.build up (使）逐渐增加，（使）扩大使）逐渐增加，（使）扩大The museum has built up a fine art collection.这家博物馆已经积累了一批艺术藏品。这家博物馆已经积累了一批艺术藏品。All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks

35、with stress.各方面压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星各方面压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班。期没上班。增强对增强对.的信心的信心 build up ones confidence in sth强身健体强身健体 build oneself up/build up ones strength30.global1)covering or affecting 全球全球的的,地球的地球的 global warming/issues global village 2)considering or including all parts of sth 整体的，全整体的，全面的面的W

36、e need to take a global view of the issue.从从全局来全局来考虑考虑globally adv.全球地，全面地全球地，全面地globalize v.使全球化使全球化globalization n.全球化全球化Revision31.call for1)need sth 需要需要The situation calls for prompt action.2)to publicly ask for sth to happen（公开）要求（公开）要求They called for the immediate release of the hostages.3)（去

37、）接（去）接Ill call for you at the school entrance at 9 pm.call for sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事要求某人做某事call off 取消，停止进行取消，停止进行 a deal/engagementcall on/upon 呼吁，号召呼吁，号召(sb.to do sth.)；短暂；短暂访问访问(sb.)call up 打电话（给）；使想起，使回忆起打电话（给）；使想起，使回忆起 memories of my childhood;征调（用动员），征召（入伍）征调（用动员），征召（入伍）call back 回电话回电话call in

38、召回，要求退回召回，要求退回;叫叫来，召来来，召来 a doctorRevision 32.application n.1)应用，运用应用，运用 UC(+of/to)the wide application of virtual reality technology to city planning 2)申请，申请表申请，申请表 an application form a letter of application make an application to sb.for sth 向某人申请向某人申请fill in/out an application submit an applicati

39、on3)涂抹，外敷涂抹，外敷UC application of sth to sth three applications per dayapply v.申请；应用申请；应用 apply to for sth.向向申请（获得）申请（获得）.apply to the university for a scholarship apply oneself to(doing)专心于专心于 apply to.把把应用于应用于 apply theory to practice apply to对对.适用、有效适用、有效 Do the same rules apply to part-time worker

40、s?applicant cn.申请人申请人applied adj.应用的应用的 mathematics33.absoluteadj.total and complete 完全的；全部的；绝对的完全的；全部的；绝对的a class for absolute beginners 零起点班零起点班absolute confidence/trust/truth/silence 万籁俱寂万籁俱寂 Youre wrong,she said with absolute certainty.斩钉截铁斩钉截铁地说地说absolute power/authority 无上无上权力；绝对权威权力；绝对权威34.be

41、lt n.腰带；地区，地带；传送带腰带；地区，地带；传送带fasten/tighten a belt系紧腰带系紧腰带corn/industrial belt 产粮产粮/工业区工业区have sth under your belt 已经获得某物已经获得某物34.spring/come to ones mind 突然记起突然记起/想到想到在在我们我们讨论有讨论有影响力的艺术家时，三个名字立刻影响力的艺术家时，三个名字立刻出现在我的脑海中。出现在我的脑海中。（独立（独立主格）主格）When we discussing influential artists,three names immediate

42、ly sprang to my mind.同义短语和句式：同义短语和句式：sth.occur to sb;sth stike/hit sb;cross ones mind;flash through ones mind It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that.sb hit on/upon sth.v.spring sprang/sprung；sprung；springing(1)跳跳,跃跃 Tom sprung out of bed and run downstairs.(2)弹起弹起,弹开弹开,反弹反弹 spring back 弹开弹开 The lid spran

43、g open.盖子啪地一声弹开盖子啪地一声弹开(3)to appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly 突然出现突然出现,涌现涌现(+up)(+to)Tears sprang to her eyes.Fast-food restaurants are springing up all over the town.(4)to be caused by sth;to start from 源源(于于),来来(自自)A cry of anger sprang from the crowd.behavior which springs from prejudice

44、s源于，来自；源于，来自；由由引起引起 n.1)春季春季,春天春天U/C breeze 2)跳跃跳跃C He rose with a spring and dashed out the door.他一跃而起他一跃而起,奔出门去。奔出门去。3)弹簧弹簧C 4)弹力弹力,弹性弹性;活力，朝气活力，朝气 Theres little spring in this sofa.She walked along with a spring in her step.她迈着轻快的步伐向前走去。她迈着轻快的步伐向前走去。5)泉泉,泉水泉水 water35.habitat n.c/uthe place where

45、a particular type of animal or plant is normally found（动植物）栖息地（动植物）栖息地/生活生活环境环境The pandas natural habitat is the bamboo forest.the destruction of wildlife habitatinhabit vt.居住于，栖居于居住于，栖居于inhabitant cn.居民居民,栖息动物栖息动物inhabited adj.有人居住的，有动物栖居的有人居住的，有动物栖居的36.rid (rid,rid,ridding)be free of sb/sth that h

46、as been annoying you or that sth you dont want摆脱摆脱1)rid oneself of sth.:take action so as not to be affected 使（自己）摆脱使（自己）摆脱,从从中解脱中解脱Why couldnt he ever rid himself of those thoughts and those worries?2)rid sb.of sth.:remove sth.from 去除去除,清除清除Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime

47、.3)摆脱摆脱/丢弃丢弃 be rid of(状态状态)=get rid of(动作动作)He wanted to be rid of her parents.摆脱摆脱I got rid of all the old furniture.丢弃丢弃 37.protestn./prtst/the expression of strong disagreement 抗议，抗议书抗议，抗议书(行动行动);反对反对The director resigned in protest at the decision.主任主任辞职辞职以示以示对对这项这项决定决定的的抗议抗议。a protest march 抗议

48、游行抗议游行She accepted the charge without protest.心甘情愿心甘情愿 under protest 不情愿地，无奈地不情愿地，无奈地v./prtst/protest that.反对，抗议反对，抗议.protest against sth protester cn.抗议者抗议者；反对者反对者；持异议者持异议者38.profit n.the money that you make in business especially after paying the costs involved.利润；收益；利润；收益；赢利赢利made a healthy/huge

49、profit on在在上获得丰厚的利润上获得丰厚的利润net/gross profit 净净/毛利润毛利润 v.profit sb./sth.对对有利有利/益益 profit by/from sth 从获利获利/得到好处得到好处Farmers are profiting from the new legislation.Many local people believe the development will profit them.profitable adj.有利可图有利可图的的，有益的，有益的 profitlessnon-profit adj.非盈利的，不以盈利为目的的非盈利的，不以盈

50、利为目的的39.defence un.防御，保护；辩护防御，保护；辩护 defense Ministry/Minister of Defencein defence of 保卫，为保卫，为辩护辩护The girl spoke up in defence of her boyfriend.defend vt.捍卫，保卫，为捍卫，保卫，为辩护辩护defend sb./sth from/against 保护保护免免受受defend sb./oneself 为为某人辩解某人辩解Whatever the cost might be,we will defend our motherland from a