Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Grammar 定语从句（ppt课件）-2022新北师大版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、By AliceBy Alice 定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clauses She is a girl.she is a girl with glasses on.She is a beautiful girl.She is a six-year old girl.什么是定语？什么是定语？定语定语-是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或短语。可以由形容词、是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或短语。可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任。等来担任。(以以介词短语介词短语、分词分词为例）为例）例：例：The g

2、irl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.定语从句定语从句 修饰修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语从句。叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.对等对等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me.先行词先行词关系词关系词 bike定语从句定语从句the bike先行词先行词which关系词关系词

3、先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q关系词的作用关系词的作用：指代指代先行词，先行词，引导引导定语从句，定语从句，在定语从句中在定语从句中充当成分充当成分。关系代词：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose等；等；关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why等。等。关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词注意事项注意事项:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.连接词连接词：先行词先行词(n./pron.)之后之后“.的的”关系词关

4、系词判断定语从句判断定语从句The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 从句从句 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 1.确定定语从句，找出先行词。确定定语从句，找出先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系词可能用关系词可能用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系词可能用关系词可能用which或或that,whose.v2.把先行词放到定语从句中去，确定关系词在从句中把先行词放到定语从句中去，确定关系词在从句中 的成分，选择相对应的关系词。熟记下表：

5、的成分，选择相对应的关系词。熟记下表：先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,that which,thatwhose,of which关系代词的使用方法：关系代词的使用方法：that、which、who(m)、whose等等 1.that可指可指人人或或物物，在从句中作主语或宾语。，在从句中作主语或宾语。(that/which作宾语时可省作宾语时可省)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.Have you found the bike(that/which)you los

6、t 2.which 指指物物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省;作宾语可省。作宾语可省。(which与与that 指物时可以互相代替指物时可以互相代替)His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.The film(that/which)we saw last night was very wonderful.3.who/whom 指指人人(它的先行词必须是人它的先行词必须是人)，who在从句中在从句中作主作主语或宾语语或宾语。但。但whom是宾格，只能作宾语。是宾格，只能作宾语。(that指人

7、时，可代指人时，可代替替who,whom,可作主语或宾语可作主语或宾语)The girls who/that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.He knew the teacher(who/whom/that)we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物它既可以代人也可以代物。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book whose cover is red.This is the he

8、ro(whom/that)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语介词宾语只能用只能用which指代物，指代物，和和whom指代人指代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)1.who指指_,作作_（成分）（成分）2.whom指指_,作作_（成分）（成分）3.which 指指_，作作_（成分）（成分）4.that 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分）5.whose作作_(成分成分),表表_关系关系,译为译为_，用，用来代

9、替来代替 _.whose指人也指物，指人也指物，指物指物=_ 指人指人=_人人主、宾主、宾人人宾宾主、宾主、宾主、宾主、宾物物人、物人、物定语定语所属所属“他的他的/她的她的/它的它的”his/her/their/itsof whichof whom口诀口诀:前看前看先行词先行词,辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看后看从句里从句里,有无主宾语有无主宾语 1.关系代词的人称和数关系代词的人称和数The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句)The woman is my mother(从句)The woman is spea

10、king at the meeting.The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.(主句)The women are famous scientists.(从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.v 定语从句中谓语动词的人称、数必须和先行词一致。定语从句中谓语动词的人称、数必须和先行词一致。v注意：注意：2.定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yester

11、day is my mother.(主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间)即学活用：即学活用：1.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park _ was built about 300 years ago.3.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its po

12、cket?4.He is one of the students who _(be)praised.which/thatwhowhosehave been 1.where 的用法：的用法：在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代指代地点地点。The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which/that)we stayed at wasnt clean at the hotel.We sta

13、yedthere.先行词先行词关系词关系词关系副词的使用方法关系副词的使用方法2.when的用法：在从句中作的用法：在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代指代时间时间 Ill never forget the day.+I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.从从句句3.why的用法：的用法：在从句中作在从句中作原因原因状语状语,指代指代原因原因The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.注意有些情况下只用

14、关系词注意有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.先行词前被先行词前被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句.This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in the morning.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothing,anything等等不定代词不定代词时时,只用只用that.Here is something

15、(that)I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one或用或用all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,just,right修饰，只用修饰，只用that Is it the one that you want?We havent go

16、t much that we can offer you.5.当主句已有疑问词当主句已有疑问词 who或或which时时，关系词用只关系词用只that Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?运用运用1)Which animal is your favorite?The one _has a long neck.2)Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _ ran after each other on the road.thatth

17、atHe is such a good teacher _ every student respects him.He is such a good teacher _ every student respects.that as特殊句式特殊句式:suchas/that;the way“方式方式”作先行词，关系词的选择作先行词，关系词的选择1.作状语作状语 I dont like the way he talks.2.作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 The way he thought of to solve the problem might be helpful.(that/in which)(

18、that/which)【即学活用】【即学活用】1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2.Its the most interesting film _I have ever seen.3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4.Fuyun is a city_ is rich in mineral6.I can remember well the persons and some pictures _I see.that/who thatw

19、hose that/which that7.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.8.He _ doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.9.The little apple is a popular song _ singers are chopsticks brothers(筷子兄弟筷子兄弟).10.I still remember the day _ I first met him.11.Can you tell me the reason _ you lied to

20、me?aswhowhose whenwhy限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式上上 不用逗号不用逗号“，”与主与主句隔开句隔开用逗号用逗号“，”与主句隔开与主句隔开 意意义义上上 是先行词不可缺少的是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表则失去意义或意思表达不完整达不完整 只是对先行词的补充说明，只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

21、的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 译法译法上上 译成先行词的定语：译成先行词的定语：“的的”通常译成主句的并通常译成主句的并列句列句 关系关系词的词的使用使用上上 1.作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略1.不可省略不可省略 2.可用可用that 2.不用不用that 3.可用可用who代替代替 whom 3.不可用不可用who 代替代替whom Do you remember the girl who taught us English？你还你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？(如果把从句部分去掉如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了。整

22、个句子的含义就变了。)Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。(去掉从句去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整主句的意义仍然完整:张先生是我的一位张先生是我的一位朋友。朋友。)注意：注意：1.引导非限制性定语从句的引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。That Peter will marry Alice,which has not been announced

23、yet,has spread around.皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣布，却已传得沸沸扬扬。句中的句中的which指代指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。这件事。2.除除which 外，还可用外，还可用when,where,who,whom等等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。After graduation,I decided to stay in Chongqing,where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.Albert Einstein left Germany fo

24、r the United States during the World War II,when Jews were badly treated in Germany.3.非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。引导。关系代词关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。译为以放主句前，也可以放主句后。译为“正如正如”As I expected,he didnt believe me.正如我所预料的，他不相信我。She heard a terrible noise,which brou

25、ght her heart into her mouth.她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.This is the reason _ he was late.4.This is the reason _ he gave.5.Shanghai is the city _ he was born.6.Shanghai is the city _ we visited last summer.

26、when(that/which)why/for which(that/which)练习：几种易混的情况练习：几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词where/in whichthat/which 及物动词及物动词7.He has two sons,both of _ are college students.He has two sons,and both of _ are college students.8.He still lives in the house _ window faces to the east.He still lives in the h

27、ouse,the window of _ faces to the east.He still lives in the house _ is in the north of the city.He still lives in the house _ there is a beautiful garden.whomthemwhose which which/that where 3.众所周知，中国自然资源丰富。众所周知，中国自然资源丰富。_ we all know,China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known that China is

28、 rich in natural resources._ is well-known,China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known to us is that China is rich in natural resources.AsItAsWhat1 _ is known to all,the earth moves around the sun.2 Tom has made great progress,_made us happy.对比练习对比练习Aswhich6.I will never forget the day _ I fi

29、rst went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing 7.This is the only way _ you can find.I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother 8.Galileo collected the facts _ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Galileo discovered the fact _ the earth and all the o

30、ther planets move around the sun.9.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.Is this the museum _ they visited last month?whenwhich/thatthat/whichthat/in whichthat/whichthatwherewhich/that高考链接高考链接【精选精选】1.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.2.She heard a terrible noise,_ bro

31、ught her heart into her mouth.3.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.4.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.whosewhichwhichwhere5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as

32、 a child.6Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the others unhappy.7.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city.8.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,_is named after his grandfather.wher

33、ewhichwhomwhich9.After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling,_turned out to be a wise decision.10.The newly-built cafe,the walls of _are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work.11.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.12.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of _ had taken more than three years.whichwhichwherewhich Homework Finish the related exercises.