通过探究学习化学实验教师培训课件.ppt

1、 这是一种费时的教学，但如果这是一种费时的教学，但如果我们的目标是培养学生能创造性地我们的目标是培养学生能创造性地解决问题和发现理论，那么这是我解决问题和发现理论，那么这是我们所拥有的唯一方法们所拥有的唯一方法。美美 艾伦艾伦柯林斯柯林斯探究特征强探究特征强学生的主体参与程度高学生的主体参与程度高 启发讲授启发讲授引导探索引导探索问题解决教学问题解决教学探究式教学探究式教学发现学习发现学习研究性学习研究性学习预测观察解释一个真实的故事一个真实的故事 课下想了很久，课本实验可能有如课下想了很久，课本实验可能有如下的缺点：下的缺点：空间不大的烧杯里燃有两支蜡烛，空间不大的烧杯里燃有两支蜡烛，使得大

2、量的热气流在烧杯里上升；使得大量的热气流在烧杯里上升；倾倒二氧化碳时，烧杯里上升的热倾倒二氧化碳时，烧杯里上升的热气流会阻碍二氧化碳的下沉，甚至冲气流会阻碍二氧化碳的下沉，甚至冲散二氧化碳。散二氧化碳。为什么？为什么？能不能用一个隔板，把烧杯内部能不能用一个隔板，把烧杯内部一分为二，一边是燃烧的蜡烛，另一分为二，一边是燃烧的蜡烛，另一边就没有热气流上升。一边就没有热气流上升。倒下来的二氧化碳如何进入蜡烛倒下来的二氧化碳如何进入蜡烛那一边呢？那一边呢？能否在隔板下面挖个缺口能否在隔板下面挖个缺口怎样改掉这些缺点呢？怎样改掉这些缺点呢？细沙是在改进的细沙是在改进的过程中加上去的过程中加上去的,因为

3、在白铁皮上因为在白铁皮上粘蜡烛很麻烦。粘蜡烛很麻烦。这样解释满意吗？这样解释满意吗？二氧化碳是从高于蜡烛的位置倾倒二氧化碳是从高于蜡烛的位置倾倒下来的，而且烛火很快熄灭，这说下来的，而且烛火很快熄灭，这说明二氧化碳被倾倒后能很快的大量明二氧化碳被倾倒后能很快的大量下沉；既然二氧化碳在空气中能很下沉；既然二氧化碳在空气中能很快的大量下沉，不就说明二氧化碳快的大量下沉，不就说明二氧化碳密度比空气大吗？密度比空气大吗？84858687103感谢您的下载，特赠送精品文章感谢您的下载，特赠送精品文章体能体能训练技巧训练技巧-TRX-TRX悬挂训练系统悬挂训练系统工作之工作之余锻炼身体，若不需要请删除后使

4、用，余锻炼身体，若不需要请删除后使用，谢谢您的理解，祝您生意兴隆，事业高谢谢您的理解，祝您生意兴隆，事业高攀。攀。RX 训练带是源于美国海军陆战队，刚开始的雏形是以高密度毛巾制成的训练道具，后来，有一名叫兰迪的美国海豹突击队的指挥官，在退役后重新设计了该套装备和训练计划，变成民用的健身课程-“TRX 悬挂训练系统”，整套装备的主要部分是宽 1.5 英寸，额定张力为 1250 磅的尼龙绳子，长度范围从 6 英尺调整至 12 英尺，橡胶把手更适应双手抓缚或是双脚悬挂等地面训练动作，扣锁由曾用于卡宾枪的材料制成，且易于调整，其自用不到 2 磅，1 分钟就能悬挂妥当，装在袋子里便于携带到任何地方，可固

5、定在单杠上或卡在门缝里，或系在树枝上，适合绝大多数的训练环境，如果加上哑铃或健身球一起锻炼，可增加更高阶的难度。悬挂训练：用练习者自身体重做负重，能够允许肌肉在多个平面上做运动，同时保证更多的肌肉和关节参与，能够打造更加结实的肌肉，稳定灵活的关节，坚固的核心力量和正确的体态，帮助在任何运动项目上获得更佳的运动表现，TRX 还是运动康复的重要手段之一TRX 动作解读：增加阻力：1.身体角度越大，阻力越大 2.抬起一边大腿，有助于锻炼更多平衡力3.离支点越远，越吃力，对稳定性要求越高减低难度：一腿向前踮地，有助于身体减重1.chest press/fly combo(1.chest press/f

6、ly combo(推胸飞鸟组合推胸飞鸟组合)：人背向绳子，手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向前，用胸肌发力慢慢打开双手并让它弯曲到 90 度停下，再慢慢还原，然后双手打开做飞鸟，同时一脚往前踮地，再还原，交替练习。2.chest press(2.chest press(推胸推胸)：人背向绳子，手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向前，用胸肌发力慢慢打开双手并让它弯曲到 90 度停下，再慢慢还原(难度增加：双腿合并或单腿抬起，或把身体斜度增加)3.lunge fly(3.lunge fly(弓步飞

7、鸟弓步飞鸟)：1.手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，挺胸收腹，身体重心微向前倾，双手打开做飞鸟，同时一脚往前踮地。用胸部发力，再还原4.chest press-single leg extended(4.chest press-single leg extended(推胸推胸-单腿伸展单腿伸展)：人背向绳子，手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，一脚撑地，一脚向前抬起，身体重心微微向前，用胸肌发力慢慢打开双手并让它弯曲到 90 度停下，再慢慢还原.5.Suspended incline press-leg up(5.Suspended incline press-leg

8、 up(悬浮上斜推悬浮上斜推-抬脚抬脚)：双手撑住地面，一脚勾住绳子，稳定腹部，另一腿向上抬靠紧固定腿，然后做俯卧撑。6.Atomic push up(6.Atomic push up(俯卧撑收腹俯卧撑收腹)：双手撑住地面，双脚勾住绳子，稳定腹部，一下俯卧撑，还原后，双脚以腹部力量靠向胸部，再慢慢伸直还原，交替练习。7.back row(7.back row(背部划船背部划船)：手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向后，以背部发力，手臂夹紧身体两侧往后收，肩胛骨向后夹，把绳子拉到小腹，保持住再慢慢还原(难度增加：双腿合并或单腿抬起，或把身体斜度增

9、加)8.elevated back row(8.elevated back row(高位划船高位划船)：手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，加大身体斜度，以背部发力，手臂夹紧身体两侧往后收，肩胛骨向后夹，把绳子拉到小腹，保持住再慢慢还原9.power pull-single arm(9.power pull-single arm(力量拉伸力量拉伸-单臂单臂)：双腿分开与肩同宽，单手抓住绳子，张开身体，另一边手臂绕身体旋转 180 度触摸绳子，完后慢慢还原。10.low deltoid fly(10.low deltoid fly(低位三角肌飞鸟低位三角肌飞鸟

10、)：手臂握住绳子，掌心向上，双手伸直向前，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向后，直手向下向后滑，慢慢还原。11.T deltoid fly(t11.T deltoid fly(t型三角肌飞鸟型三角肌飞鸟)：手臂握住绳子，掌心向上，双手伸直向前，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向后，张开双手与身体呈T型，再慢慢还原(难度增加：把身体斜度增加)12.Y deltoid fly(Y12.Y deltoid fly(Y型三角肌飞鸟型三角肌飞鸟)：手臂握住绳子，掌心向上，双手伸直向前，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向后

11、，张开双手与身体呈Y型，再慢慢还原(难度增加：把身体斜度增加)13.W deltoid fly(W13.W deltoid fly(W型三角肌飞鸟型三角肌飞鸟)：手臂握住绳子，掌心向上，双手伸直向前，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向后，张开双手与身体呈W型，再慢慢还原(难度增加：把身体斜度增加)14.High triceps press(14.High triceps press(高位肱三头肌弯曲高位肱三头肌弯曲)：人背向绳子，手臂向前握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向前，然后把肘部弯曲，肱三头肌发力，再慢慢还原(难

12、度增加：把身体斜度增加)15.Dips(15.Dips(臂屈伸臂屈伸)：手臂在身体两侧，双手握住绳子，双腿呈箭步姿势，然后肱三头肌和胸肌发力，双臂弯曲成 90 度再慢慢还原(难度增加：把一只腿往后抬或两腿前放或抬高)16.High bicep curl(16.High bicep curl(高位肱二头肌弯曲高位肱二头肌弯曲)：手臂握住绳子，双手伸直，肘保持一点弯曲，膝盖一点点弯曲，两腿跟肩一样宽，身体重心微微向后，以肱二头肌发力，弯曲手臂，再慢慢还原(难度增加：把身体斜度增加)There are moments in life when you miss someone so much tha

13、t you just want to pick themfrom your dreams and hug them for real!Dream what you want to dream;go where you wantto go;be wh you want to be,because you have only one life and one chance to do all thethings you want to do.May you have enough happiness to make you sweet,enough trialsto make you strong

14、,enough sorrow to keep you human,enough hope to make you happy?Always put yourself in othersshoes.If you feel that it hurts you,it probably hurts the otherperson,too.The happiest of people dont necessarily have the best of everything;they justmake the most of everything that comes along their way.Ha

15、ppiness lies for those whocry,those who hurt,those who have searched,and those who have tried,for only they canappreciate the importance of peoplewho have touched their lives.Love begins with asmile,grows with a kiss and ends with a tear.The brightest future will always be based on aforgotten past,y

16、ou cant go on well in lifeuntil you let go of your past failures and heartaches.When you were born,you were crying and everyone around you was smiling.Live your life sothat when you die,youre the one who is smiling and everyone around you is cryig.Please sendthis message to those people who mean som

17、ething to you,to those who have touched yourlife in one way or another,to those who make you smile when you really need it,to those thatmake you see the brighter side of things when you are really down,to those who you want tolet them know that you appreciate their friendship.And if you dont,dont wo

18、rry,nothing badwill happen to you,you will just miss out on the opportunity to brighten someones day withthis message.Since we went to school,we have access to English all the time,because it isone of the necessary subjects.Before we attend college,we keep our attention on thegrammar,but now college

19、 means the new stage and we should pay attention to practicalEnglish.Here are some suggestions.First,it is important to speak out loudly.The purpose oflearning English is to communicate with foreigners,so as to get to know more about theworld.Grammar is not the only thing we care about.What we shoul

20、d do is to open ourmouths and improve our ability to use spoken English.It begins with reading textbooks.Whenwe listen to the tapes and repeat many times,then our d.President Trump,as he often does,had a few things to sayAfter admitting that he had been lonely over the holidays,Trump tookadvantage o

21、f his first public appearance of the new year Wednesday to air lingeringgrievances,make multiple false claims and reinforce recent decisions that have rattledfinancial markets and his partys leaders.As he held forth for more than 90 minutes before asmall pool of本文为 Word 版资料，可以任意修改编辑。如果你看到我上传的资料这个后缀，

22、请删除后使用。高效学习方法和技巧高效学习方法和技巧学习需要方法，找到适合自己的方法，学习才能事半功倍。接下来，我结合我自己的学习情况，给大家总结的高效学习五部曲一、预习是学习的重要环节上课前充分预习，考试前充分地复习，与“打有准备之仗”有同曲之道。预习效果好，听课才能有针对性；听课有针对性，复习才能顺利进行；复习深刻，作业、考试才能得心应手。所以说预习是学生学习过程中一个必不可少的环节。二、掌握好高效的听课方法课上集中精力听课，是掌握知识的捷径。听讲时，思想上必须与老师讲解的思路保持一致，听老师对事物是怎样分析、推理；听老师解决问题是用什么方法、技巧；听老师对问题有哪些提问和解释。这样才能把握

23、住听课的重点。听讲中，要把自己在预习中的理解，和老师讲解的相比较，看自己和老师有哪些相同点和区别点。三、合理安排复习时间很多科学家通过研究发现，有几个时间段有利于巩固记忆：一是学习后最初几分钟内，电生理活动引起蛋白质的合成；二是学习后在 48 小时内复习；三是一周之后脑突触发生永久性变化。根据人在学习过程中这一生理变化，采用复习加强记忆就显得特别重要了。如果我们能够在学习的内容即将忘记时进行复习，那么复习的效果最好，效率也最高。著名的心理学家艾宾浩斯通过实验发现了人的记忆与遗忘规律。实验证明：在学习仅过了 20 分钟后，就忘记记忆内容的 42%，1 天后忘却量已经达到了 66%，到了第 31

24、天，忘却量高达79%。他根据实验结果，画成了著名的遗忘曲线。并表明遗忘的规律是“先快后慢”。这条规律提示我们，定要尽早、及时地对所学知识进行复习，以便在知识还在大脑内时就加深印记，否则大脑中已经没有痕迹了，只能再费精力重学。合理安排复习时间特别重要并且必要，制定复习计划，严格按精英特计划执行，并力求形成习惯，是我们每一位学生都应该力求努力做到。我们为什么要复习呢？因为我们记忆效果没有那么好，不可能过目不忘，所以需要重复、增强记忆。同时，复习的进展也有利于学习效率的提高。四、做作业的科学方法这里有七种做作业的技巧：1、先复习后做作业。复习是做好作业的关键，只有复习得好，作业才能做得好。做作业前先

25、把老师这一节课所讲的内容认真地看一看，弄清楚基本原理和概念后再去做作业，作业才能做得既快又好。2、认真审题。做作业最关键的步就是审题，连题都判断错了，作业内容就全错了。首先第步要弄清楚题目的内容，所给的条件，什么要求，需要联系哪些知识等等；其次是考虑好解题思路、方法、步骤，要善于把道题分成几部分，化大为小、化难为易、分清其中的已知和未知，弄清各部分的联系，设计好整个解题步骤，定要让自己做到不明白题意不做题，不清楚方法步骤不下笔。3、细心的做题。做题是表达思路的全过程，这个过程要求既动脑、又动手。做题的关键是要保证“规范”、“准确”。要做到这两点就要求学生认真的抄好题，书写格式必须正确、规范，严

26、格按照各类题的解题要求，仔细演算解题的每步，得出正确的结果。只有平时做题认真细致，步骤完整，思路正确，表达严密，准确无误，考试时才能按照这种良好的习惯进行五、重视错题积累在学习的过程中，同学们可能遇到过一错再错的现象究其原因，多数是由于在学习中不求甚解，不注意总结积累所致。那么，该怎么办呢？实践证明，自编一本“易错题集”是避免做题一错再错的最好办法。错题本的复习方法：1、每周把该周错题本中记录的题目快速浏览一遍；2、每月把该月错题本中记录的题目再快速浏览一遍；3、每个季度把错题本中三个月记录的题目再快速浏览一遍；4、大考前把该错题本中的所有题目认真复习一遍，确保题不二错￥精编资料精编资料 欢迎

27、下载欢迎下载There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real!Dream what you want to dream;go where you want to go;bewhat you want to be,because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.May you ha

28、ve enough happiness to make you sweet,enough trials to make youstrong,enough sorrow to keep you human,enough hope to make you happy?Always put yourself in othersshoes.If you feel that it hurts you,it probably hurts the other person,too.The happiestof people dont necessarily have the best of everythi

29、ng;they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.Happiness lies for those who cry,those who hurt,those who havesearched,and those who have tried,for only they can appreciate the importance of peoplewho have touched their lives.Love begins with a smile,grows with a kiss and ends wi

30、th a tear.The brightestfuture will always be based on a forgotten past,you cant go on well in lifeuntil you let go of your past failures and heartaches.When you were born,you were crying and everyone around youwas smiling.Live your life so that when you die,youre the one who is smiling and everyone

31、around you is cryig.Please send this message to those people who mean something to you,to those whohave touched your life in one way or another,to those who make you smile when you really need it,to those that make you see the brighter side of things when you are really down,to those whoyou want to

32、let them know that you appreciate their friendship.And if you dont,dont worry,nothing bad will happen to you,you will just miss out on the opportunity to brighten someones daywith this message.Since we went to school,we have access to English all the time,because it is one of the necessary subjects.

33、Before we attend college,we keep our attention on the grammar,butnow college means the new stage and we should pay attention to practical English.Here are some suggestions.First,it is important to speak out loudly.The purpose of learning English is tocommunicate with foreigners,so as to get to know

34、more about the world.Grammar is not the only thing we care about.What we should do is to open our mouths and improve our ability to usespoken English.It begins with reading textbooks.When we listen to the tapes and repeat many times,then our d.President Trump,as he often does,had a few things to say

35、After admitting that hehad been lonely over the holidays,Trump took advantage of his first public appearance of the new year Wednesday to air lingering grievances,make multiple false claims and reinforce recentdecisions that have rattled financial markets and his partys leaders.As he held forth for

36、more than 90 minutes before a small pool of reporters and photographers,members of his Cabinet,ostensibly called to the White House for a meeting,sat quietly around a long conference table.Trump defended his decision last month to withdraw U.S.troops from Syria and sharply cut thedeployment to Afgha

37、nistan,moves that disturbed Republican allies in Congress and prompted the resignation of Defense Secretary James N.Mattis.In doing so,he contradicted his own recentclaim that the U.S.had achieved its objectives of total victory over Islamic State militants in Syria.“Look,we dont want Syria,”he cont

38、inued.“Were talking about sand and death.Thats what weretalking about.Were not talking about vast wealth.Were talking about sand and death,”he said,seemingly contrasting the war-wracked country with Iraq and its vast oil reserves.Iran“can dowhat they want there,frankly,”he added,a comment likely to

39、unnerve officials in Israel,who have worried that a U.S.withdrawal from its positions in eastern Syria would allow Iran to expand itsinfluence there.“Its not my fault,”he said.“I didnt put us there.”Trump offered little further clarity on the U.S.withdrawal from Syria,which he initially said would t

40、ake place in 30 days,saying nowthat the pullout will“take place over a period of time.”Later,in a long riff about Afghanistan,Trump seemed to endorse Moscows 1979 invasion of the country an act that the U.S.viewed as anattempt to spread communism and waged a long,covert operation to combat during th

41、e Carter and Reagan administrations.“The reason Russia was in Afghanistan was because terrorists weregoing into Russia,”Trump said,making a case to leave the policing of hot spots in the Mideast and Central Asia to countries in the region.“They were right to be there.The problem is it was atough fig

42、ht.”The Soviet Union eventually was bankrupted by its Afghan war,Trump added.“Russia used to be the Soviet Union.Afghanistan made it Russia,because they went bankrupt fightingin Afghanistan.”Historians generally agree that the Russian invasion and subsequent occupation of much of Afghanistan was one

43、 of several factors that contributed to the collapse of the SovietUnion,although the country never went bankrupt.For years,Republicans have credited President Reagan with bringing an end to the Soviet Union by his aggressive increase in U.S.militaryspending.Trumps comments stood in stark contrast to

44、 the view Mattis espoused in the resignation letter he presented last month after failing to convince the president to hold off on withdrawingfrom Syria.“We must do everything possible to advance an international order that is most conducive to our security,prosperity and values,and we are strengthe

45、ned in this effort by the solidarityof our alliances,”Mattis wrote.Mattis comments clearly stung Trump,who responded last month with criticism of his former Pentagon chief.On Wednesday,he stepped that up,claiming that hefired Mattis.“Whats he done for me?How had he done in Afghanistan?Not too good,”

46、Trump said.“As you know,President Obama fired him,and essentially so did I.”Obama did not fire Mattis,although the general did retire several months early in 2013 from his position as the head of the militarys Central Command after dissenting from Obama administration policy decisions.Tuesdaywas Mat

47、tis final day at the Pentagon.Trump,in a fit of pique after the resignation letter became public,had moved up Mattis termination dateIn addition to his foreign policy comments,Trumpalso downplayed Decembers stock market losses,which erased all positive gains for the year,as“a little glitch”and asser

48、ted wrongly that there are“probably 30-35 million”immigrants inthe U.S.illegally.The nonpartisan Pew Research Center estimates that as of 2016,there were 10.7 million unauthorized immigrants living in the country,a number that has declined in recentyears.Trump repeated his call for Democrats to agre

49、e to$5.6 billion in funding for a border wall,and expressed surprise not to have received overtures from them over the holidays to negotiatean end to the government shutdown.“I was in the White House all by myself for six or seven days,”he said.“It was very lonely.My family was down in Florida.I sai

50、d,Stay there and enjoy yourself.I felt I should be here just in case people wanted to come and negotiate the border security.”Trump,who met later in the day with congressional leaders away from TV cameras,has alreadydismissed a funding proposal from House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi that includes