新人教版七年级历史下册第二单元全套课件辽宋夏金元时期：民族关系发展和社会变化.pptx

1、,人教版 七年级下册历史优质课件（RJ）,用心整理 精心汇编,辽宋夏金元时期：民族关系发展和社会变化,第二单元,第6课 北宋的政治,陈桥兵变,黄袍加身,新课导入,杯酒释兵权,后周大将赵匡胤，陈桥兵变当皇帝。 杯酒辞去石守信，牢牢控制了军队。 中央相权要分割，分化事权削相权； 地方文臣任知州，三年一换频调动。 节度使税权取消，转运使把财赋收。 重文轻武政策好，政权稳定社会安； 文教事业得发展，文治局面大兴盛。,一、宋太祖强化中央集权,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

2、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

3、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,结束分裂割据局面,1.北宋建立的时间：,公元

4、960年,2.开国皇帝：,3.都城：,赵匡胤宋太祖,开封,强化中央集权的措施,1.解除禁军将领的兵权，牢牢地控制了军队。,2.在中央，采取分化事权的办法，削弱相权。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

5、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

6、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.在地方，派文臣担任州县长官，知州三年一换，设通判分化知州权力；取消节度使收税的权力，后设置转运使把地方财赋收归中央。,影响：,通过上述措施，宋朝把中央集权强化到前所未有的程度，皇权大大加强。,思考探究：汉武帝和宋太祖加强中央集权采取的措施有何异同？,*相同点： 在中央，分割宰相的权力，加强皇权； 在地方，削弱

7、地方机构的权力。,*不同点： 1.在中央，汉武帝通过设立中朝决策机构来削弱宰相的权力；宋太祖则通过分割宰相的军权、财权，乃至行政权来削弱宰相权力。 2.在地方上，汉武帝主要是削弱王国势力和建立对地方官的监察机制；宋太祖则将地方精兵、财权、行政权收归中央。,二、重文轻武的政策,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

8、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

9、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.目的,为防止唐末以来武将专横跋扈的弊端重现。,2.措施,宋太祖重用文臣掌握军政大权，宋太宗继续采取抑制武将、提升文官地位的政策，使文臣统兵的格局逐渐形成。 宋朝注重发展文教事业，改革和发展了科举制，造

10、就了宋朝科技发达、文化昌盛、人才辈出的文治局面。,3.影响：,宋朝的重文轻武政策，扭转了五代十国时期尚武轻文的风气，杜绝了武将跋扈和兵变政移的情况发生，有利于政权的稳固和社会的安定。,北宋的盛世景象：,东南形胜，三吴都会，钱塘自古繁华。烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家。云树绕堤沙。怒涛卷霜雪，天堑无涯。市列珠玑，户盈罗绮，竞豪奢。 重湖叠巘清嘉。有三秋桂子，十里荷花。羌管弄晴，菱歌泛夜，嬉嬉钓叟莲娃。千骑拥高牙。乘醉听萧鼓，吟赏烟霞。异日图将好景，归去凤池夸。 柳永望海潮,北宋政治,强化中央集权,重文轻武,解除禁军将领兵权,中央：分化事权，削弱相权,地方：文臣任州县长官，知州三年一换；设置转运

11、使，把地方赋收归中央,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

12、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

13、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,重文轻武的弊端,宋朝实行重文轻武政策，对政权的稳固有积极的作用，但也造成了负面的影响。文臣掌兵，不熟悉军务，而将不专兵，兵无常帅，导致军队的战斗力减弱。文官得到重用，逐渐形成以士大夫为主体的官僚集团，但由于政治机构重叠，相互牵制，官吏冗余，人浮于事，既导致办事效率下降，又增加了朝廷的财政支出。,课后拓展,宋代职官大辞典之地方行政管理机构称：“乾德三年（965）三月，朝廷遣官吏转运使，总一道之财赋，此为道一级之设官。”这一举措在政治方面产生的主要影响是（

14、） A.实现了中央集权 B.剥夺了节度使的权力 C.结束了藩镇割据局面 D.消除了地方割据势力的物质基础,D,课堂练习,北宋时，“状元登第，虽将兵数十万，恢复幽蓟，凯歌而还，献捷太庙，其荣亦不能及矣。”这反映了当时政府（ ） A.渴望收回幽云地区 B.崇武抑文 C.委派文官主持军务 D.重文轻武,D,第7课 辽、西夏与北宋的并立,陈桥,复习回顾,1.民族： 2.建立者： 3.建立时间： 4.都城：,一、契丹族与党项族,契丹族,耶律阿保机,10世纪初,上京临潢府（今内蒙古巴林左旗南）,（一）契丹族,契丹是我国北方的古老民族之一。契丹正式见于历史文献记载的年代是389年。契丹人过着逐水草而居的游牧

15、生活。“行营到处即为家，一卓穹庐数乘车。千里山川无土著，四时畋猎是生涯。”经过约500年的发展，到唐朝时，契丹已逐渐强大起来。,相关链接,契丹文字,契丹货币,契丹人引马图,1.民族： 2.建立者： 3.建立时间： 4.都城：,党项族,元昊,11世纪前期,兴庆府（今宁夏银川）,（二）党项族,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

16、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

17、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,元昊仿效唐宋制度，订立官制、军制和法律，并发展农牧经济，还创制了西夏文字。,西夏货币,西夏铜牌,北宋、辽、西夏的建立简表,想一想辽和西夏对我国历史发展有哪些贡献？,分别完成了契丹族和党项族的

18、封建化，促进了边疆的开发，有利于民族融合，边疆的局部统一为中华民族大一统的重建和巩固奠定了基础。,二、辽与北宋的和战,澶渊之盟,宋太宗即位之后，对辽采取防御政策。宋真宗时，辽军大举攻宋，逼近黄河岸边的澶州城下，威胁都城开封，宋真宗勉强亲征，宋军士气大振，击退辽军。,背景：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

19、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

20、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第二年（1005年），宋辽在澶州订立和议： 辽军撤回； 北宋给辽“岁币”。 历史上称为“澶渊之盟”。此后很长时间，辽宋之间保持着和平局面。,内容：,如何评价澶渊之盟？,对于北宋来说，有政治屈辱、经济掠夺之弊

21、，加重了人民的负担，但也赢得了政治安定。 辽则大获其利，军事上撤退，政治上赢得主动，经济上得到实惠。 对整个中华民族来说，则有利于民族和平共处，相互交流，促进了双方的发展和民族融合。,辽宋关系,战争,议和澶渊之盟,燕云十六州 燕云十六州，也叫“幽云十六州”“幽蓟十六州”，是五代后唐将领石敬瑭割让给契丹的十六州的总称，大致相当于今北京、天津及河北、山西北部一带。燕指幽州，云指云州。石敬瑭以割地为条件，借助契丹兵力，当上后晋皇帝，将燕云十六州割给契丹。,宋朝：被动挨打，节节败退,西夏：屡屡获胜，民不聊生,内容：西夏对宋称臣 宋给西夏岁币，重开边境贸易,三、西夏与北宋的关系,状元成才路,状元成才路,

22、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

23、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

24、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,战,和,战,多元汇聚,文字,辽,西夏,印章,辽,西夏,器物,辽,西夏,辽,西夏,钱币,辽,西夏,探史明理,1.北宋与辽、西夏之间的战争性质就交战双方来说有何不同？,北宋与辽、西夏战争，只是中华民族大家庭内部之争，不是侵略和反侵略的战争。 就其正义性而言，当时的辽、西夏政权是以劫掠和扩大势力为目的而发动战争，是非正义的； 北宋军民的抗辽、西夏斗争维护了中原和南方社会的相对稳定和生产发展，是正义的。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

25、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

26、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

27、路,状元成才路,2.北宋与辽、西夏之间的战争给双方带来什么影响？,加重了双方百姓的负担； 使人民蒙受了屠杀和焚掠等空前的战争灾难； 造成国库空虚，严重影响互市贸易和经济文化交流； 激化了民族矛盾和社会阶级矛盾。,3.北宋与辽、西夏由战争走向议和的原因是什么？,双方都不具备彻底战胜对方的实力； 战争耗费了大量的人力财力，破坏了双方的正常 贸易，严重影响人民日常生活； 人民反对战争； 北宋统治者软弱无能。,4.怎样评价北宋与辽、西夏之间的议和？,议和是双方实力均衡的产物； 加重了北宋人民负担； 使南北贯通，互市不绝，有利于经济贸易往来； 促进了民族融合。,5.完成表格。,916年,契丹族,耶律阿保

28、机,上京,澶渊之盟,960年,汉族,赵匡胤,汴京,庆历和议,1038年,党项族,元昊,兴庆,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

29、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

30、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,寻踪辽夏： 在我国现在的五十六个民族中，没有契丹族、党项族，他们是怎样神秘“消失”的呢？请查阅有关资料，了解契丹族和党项族随辽夏政权的兴衰在历史上发展和变迁情况。,拓展延伸,宋与辽、宋与西夏订立和议后，对双方产生的主要影响是（ ） A.双方基本上维持了和平局面 B.加速了辽、西夏封建化的进程 C.加强了民族融合 D.加深了北宋的经济负担,课后习题,澶渊之盟前，北宋对辽采取的主要政策是（

31、 ） A.防御 B.进攻 C.和亲 D.投降,3.下列对澶渊之盟的分析和认识，正确的是（ ） 宋辽关系史上由战到和的转折点 北宋政府牺 牲人民利益换取苟安局面的产物 客观上维持了 长久和平 暴露了北宋统治的腐败 A. B. C. D.,第8课 金与南宋的对峙,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

32、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

33、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,岳飞是中国历史上有名的抗金将领，其精忠报国的精神深受中国各族人民的敬佩。 金是由哪个民族建立的？又是如何灭掉了北宋？南宋与金之间的关系是怎样的呢？,一、女真族的崛起,女真人的生活,女真的统一,阿骨打称帝建金,11世纪,1

34、115年,阿骨打,完颜部,金的兴起,金,女真,1115年,阿骨打,会宁,阿骨打（公元10681123年）是金国的建国者，出身于生女真的完颜部中。公元1113年，阿骨打继任都勃极烈（即大酋长），统一邻近各部，发动了反辽战争。公元1115年，阿骨打正式建国称帝，国号大金。金建国后，阿骨打命完颜希尹制作女真文，复与宋订约共同攻辽，不幸于辽灭亡前夕病死。,金太祖模仿中原王朝制度，改革女真部落军政体制，颁行女真文字，发展生产，女真势力迅速壮大。,女真族的崛起：,二、金灭辽及北宋,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

35、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

36、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“月儿

37、弯弯照九州，几家欢乐几家愁，几家夫妇同罗帐，几家飘散在他州。” 这是1127年开封城破，北宋灭亡时流传的一首歌谣。你知道它反映了当时怎样的社会现实吗？,靖康之变,1125年，金灭辽,北宋政治腐败 军队战斗力弱 内部守备空虚,宋徽宗 赵佶（10821135）北宋皇帝、画家、书法家。宋神宗十一子，宋朝第八位皇帝（11001125年在位），在位26年，国亡被俘受折磨而死，终年54岁。,钦宗赵桓，北宋末代皇帝。宣和七年（1125年）十二月，在金兵大举入侵之际，徽宗禅让帝位，赵桓即位，是为钦宗，改次年为靖康元年。钦宗优柔寡断，反复无常。听信奸臣谗言，罢免了抗战派将领李纲。面对进军强大的攻势，宋徽宗、宋钦

38、宗无力抵抗，只想着妥协求和。1127年，进军攻破开封，北宋灭亡。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

39、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

40、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,问题探究：北宋为什么会灭亡？,主观,经济 政治 军事,客观,连年征战、岁币，造成内部空虚； 统治腐朽、无能，破坏军民的抗金斗争； 长期实行重文臣，轻武将，守内虚外的政策。,金统治者励精图治；女真族骁勇善战；灭辽后实力大增。,三、南宋的偏安,南宋的建立,开封,临安,北宋灭亡后，宋钦宗的弟弟赵构登上皇位，赵构就是宋高宗，后来定都临安，史称南宋。,岳飞抗金,南宋初年，金军几次大举南下，南宋军民奋起抵抗。岳飞等抗金将领

41、率军北伐，从金军手中收复许多失地。岳飞统率的“岳家军”在郾城大败金军主力，并乘胜追击，迫使金军后撤。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

42、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

43、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,岳飞抗金为什么能取得辉煌战绩？,岳飞：家庭教育，名师培养，国家危难以及军旅生活的磨炼，决心精忠报国。,岳家军：作战勇敢，纪律严明。,战争性质（根本原因）：正义战争，维护了人民的利益。,内容：,宋金议和,1.南宋对金称臣； 2.每年给金送纳岁币； 3.双方以淮水至大散关一线划定分界线。,影响：,确立了南宋与金的对峙局面； 给南宋人民带来了沉重负担； 客观上获得较长的和平局面，有

44、利于南北经济恢复发展和各族人民友好交往。,问题探究： 为什么金军轻易灭掉北宋但未能灭掉南宋？,金军战线过长，很难灭掉南宋； 北方人民坚持抗金，对金军南下起了牵制作用； 岳飞等抗金将领坚持抗战； 宋高宗被逼无路可退，只得抗金。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

45、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

46、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,女真族,金,南宋：宋高宗赵构建立,1125年灭辽,1127年灭宋,阿骨打,1115年建立政权,岳飞抗金,宋金和议,“山外青山楼外楼，西湖歌舞几时休，暖风吹得游人醉，直把杭州当汴州。”该诗从根本上反映了（ ） A.南宋都城杭州的繁华 B.西湖景色秀丽迷人

47、C.统治者的腐败甘愿据守江南一隅 D.人民收复失地的强烈愿望,C,课堂练习,北宋与南宋的关系，类似于（ ） A.西汉与东汉 B.西晋与东晋 C.东魏与西魏 D.唐朝与后唐,B,岳飞诗云“靖康耻，犹未雪，臣子恨，何时灭”中的“靖康耻”是指（ ） A.宋辽订立澶渊之盟 B.西夏和金订立盟约 C.金军掳走宋徽宗和宋钦宗 D.宋金和议,C,第9课 宋代经济的发展,新课导入,在许多方面，宋朝在中国都是个最令人激动的时代算得上一个政治清明、繁荣和创新的黄金时代。 罗兹墨菲：亚洲史,清明上河图（局部）,一、农业的发展,原因：,（1）从唐朝中晚期至两宋时期，北方人口大批南迁，带去了先进生产技术。,（2）两宋时

48、期，人口增加，垦田面积扩大，耕作技术提高。,表现：,（1）粮食作物,由越南传入的占城稻，成熟早，抗旱力强，北宋时推广到东南地区。 南方农民还培育出许多优良品种，从而大大提高了水稻的产量。由于宋朝朝廷的大力提倡，南方的水稻在北方也得到较大推广。 宋朝时，水稻产量跃居粮食作物首位。 长江下游和太湖流域一带成为丰饶的粮仓，出现了“苏湖熟，天下足”或“苏常熟，天下足”的谚语。,（2）经济作物,南方各地普遍种植茶树；南宋后期，棉花种植区向北推进到江淮和川蜀一带。,结果：,南方农业发展速度加快，逐渐超过北方。,二、手工业的兴盛,（1）丝织业 北宋时，南方的丝织业胜过北方，四川、江浙的丝织生产发达。,（2）

49、棉纺织业 南宋后期，棉纺织业兴起，海南岛已有比较先进的棉纺织工具，棉纺织品种类较多。,纺织业：,制瓷业：,北宋兴起的江西景德镇，后来发展成为著名的瓷都。南宋时，江南地区已成为我国制瓷业中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状