高考英语语法填空题解题策略解析课件.ppt

1、高考英语语法填空题高考英语语法填空题解题策略解题策略 1、语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容、语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容?2、语法填空命题特点是什么、语法填空命题特点是什么?语法和词汇（考试重点）上下文连贯性（语境）101.51510150151？共共10个小题个小题每题每题1.5分分满分满分15分分须在须在10分钟内完成分钟内完成短文长度短文长度150词左右词左右设空间距设空间距15词左右词左右每格不一定每格不一定1个词个词（特别是谓语或非谓语动词形式特别是谓语或非谓语动词形式）侧重语境加语法侧重语境加语法语语 法法 占占 关关 键键语法填空考哪些语法项目？语法填空考哪些语法项目？1、名词、名词

2、；2、代词、代词；3、数词、数词；4、介词和介词短语、介词和介词短语；5、连词、连词；6、形容词、形容词；7、副词；、副词；8、冠词、冠词；9、动词、动词；10、时态、时态；11、被动语态、被动语态；12、非谓语动词、非谓语动词；13、构词法、构词法；14、句子种类、句子种类；15、句子成分、句子成分；16、简单句基本句型、简单句基本句型；17、主谓一致、主谓一致；18、并列复合句；、并列复合句；19、主从复合句、主从复合句；20、间接引语、间接引语；21、省略；、省略；22、倒装、倒装；23、强调、强调；24、虚拟语气、虚拟语气。1 1、阅读、阅读/理解理解语篇语篇的能力的能力;2 2、分析

3、句子结构的能力、分析句子结构的能力;3 3、熟练运用语法的能力。、熟练运用语法的能力。语法填空题语法填空题能力要求能力要求 重在基础语法和句子结构分析：重在基础语法和句子结构分析：1.1.从语法角度去考虑，填的是从语法角度去考虑，填的是语法词语法词，包括包括功能词功能词和和词形变换词形变换两个方面。不两个方面。不限定一个词。限定一个词。2.2.句子方面，要学会正确分析句子的结句子方面，要学会正确分析句子的结构，如构，如主谓宾主谓宾等；还要会区分等；还要会区分主从句主从句的层次。的层次。3.3.特别是特别是动词动词的成分，是否谓语动词。的成分，是否谓语动词。语法填空题语法填空题解题方向解题方向1

4、.章法章法 4.惯用法惯用法2.句法句法3.词法词法语语 法法语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧（“由大到小由大到小”）1、通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。2、巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。1.根据语法知识进行填充根据语法知识进行填充2.根据逻

5、辑关系进行填充根据逻辑关系进行填充3.根据语篇标志进行填充根据语篇标志进行填充 语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示逻辑关系的有等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有的有however,but,by the way等。等。“语篇语篇标志词标志词”

6、对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。文关系很有帮助。4.根据固定词组进行填充根据固定词组进行填充熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如as a matter of,be proud of,by the way,come from,congratulateon,devoteto,earn ones living,keep ones word,make up ones mind等，对解题很有帮助。等，对解题很有帮助。5.根据句型搭配进行填根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如型搭配，如so/suchthat,it

7、 is(for sb.)to do sth.,There is no doubt that,there is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。等来解题。6.根据词汇知识进行填充根据词汇知识进行填充 指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的词的-ing形式作宾语的动词，只能接形式作宾语的动词，只能接to do作宾语的动词，接作宾语的动词，接to do作补语的动词，接作补语的动词，接do作补语的动词，接作补语的动词，接doing或或done作补语作补语的动词，对句式搭配

8、要求较为特别的词语，的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。等等。7.根据生活常识进行填充根据生活常识进行填充实践与提高Practice makes perfect!Will _1_ matter if you dont take your breakfast?Recently a test _2_ (give)in the United Sates.Those tests included people of different _3_ from 12 to 83.During the experiment,these people were given all kinds of bre

9、akfasts,and sometimes they got _4_ breakfast at all.Special tests were set up to see _5_ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten_6_certain kind of breakfast.The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast,he or she will work with better effect _7_ if he or she has no breakfast.Thi

10、s fact appears to be _8_(especial)true if a person works _9_ his brains.For example,if a student eats fruit,eggs,bread and milk before going to school,he will learn more quickly and listen with_10_(much)attention in class.itwere givenagesnohowathanespeciallywithmore备考策略备考策略1不断记忆，积累词汇。不断记忆，积累词汇。语法填空题

11、对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时要求的单词。这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇词，不断地积累词汇，千方百计地把我们的词，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配。词，填出固定搭配。2夯实基础，学好语法夯实基础，学好语法。英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听

12、，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。的基础。3大声朗读，培养语感。大声朗读，培养语感。语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学感的形成

13、不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。4坚持不懈，多做练习。坚持不懈，多做练习。语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的。但是高考

14、中又占了总分的十分之曾练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。应对。练习与思考根据语法知识进行填空根据逻辑关系进行填空根据语篇标志进行填空根据固定词组进行填空根据句型搭配进行填空根据词汇知识进行填空根据生活常识进行填空根据文化背景进行填空 A proverb says,“Time is money”.But in my opinion,time is even 1 _

15、 precious than money.Why?2 _ when money is spent,we can earn it back.However,when time is 3 _,it will never return.4 _ is known to all that the time we can use is limited.Therefore we should make 5 _ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in 6 _ future.But it is a pity that there a

16、re a lot of people 7 _ do not realize the value of time.They 8 _ their precious time smoking,drinking and playing.In a word,we should form the good habit of 9 _(save)time.Do not put off what can be done today 10 _ tomorrow.moreBecausegoneItgood/fullthewhospend/wastesavingtill/until1.由than可知,precious

17、要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级前加more，故此题答案为more2.因前句用Why提问，应当用because来回答，故此题答案是because3.由表示转折however的可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是gone。4.填it，形式主语，真正主语是后面由that引导的主语从句5.有表示结果的Therefore可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词full或good来修饰名词。6.表示“在将来”，固定短语in the future7.因there are是个句子，do not 应是一个定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是人，应填入 who.8.由time smoking可想到是spend/wast

18、e time(in)doing句型，这是由spend/waste的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填spend/waste9.因of是介词，介词后的动词通常用-ing形式，故填saving10.结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事情推迟到明天做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till.语法填空题的解题技巧语法填空题的解题技巧一、无提示型的解题技巧一、无提示型的解题技巧 介词，代词，冠词，介词，代词，冠词，助动词助动词/情态动词，疑问副词情态动词，疑问副词 并列句，复合句并列句，复合句规律规律1 空格空格+谓语动词谓语动词1.I can send a messag

19、e to Kenya whenever I want to,and _ gets there almost in a second.2.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.3.Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes _walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed4.She remembered

20、 how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.代词或名代词或名词词(多考多考代词代词)ititheit5.It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly.6.In the beginning,there was only_very small amount of unfairness in the world

21、,but everyone added a little,always thinking that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.”7.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had_amazing conversation.hisaan8.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.9.But she qui

22、ckly realized that it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.10.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.规律规律2 2 空格空格+名词名词限定限定词词thethea11 who should have the honour of receiving me _ a

23、guest in their house.12.When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next _ the window13.my credit card had already been charged _ the reservation.14.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked ve

24、ry hard to produce it.”15.The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and all the other students wondered规律规律3 3 空格空格+名词名词/代词代词介词介词astoforforfor16.two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso _ Candido Portinari,which are worth millions of dollars.17.all I saw was this beautiful girl,whose smile jus

25、t melted me _ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.18.I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou.19.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_ he felt very happy20.Maybe you leave a habit _ is driving

26、your family crazy.andandbeforebutthat21.The next day,my brother and I went to the beach _ we watched some people play volleyball.22.Nicks guests,_ had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.23.Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to l

27、ook at Mary,_ made her feel like a star.24.Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk25.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.规律规律4 词和词之间没连词，句和句词和词之间没连词，句和句之间没连词（注意标点）之间没连词（注意标点）连词连词wherewhowhichwhomthat26.What is acceptable in one country_ be

28、considered extremely rude in another.27.He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,but he _ bring home a regular salary.规律规律5 5 结构完整，给原形，结构完整，给原形，上下文其他时态不一致上下文其他时态不一致情态动词情态动词或助动词或助动词maydid28.and _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldntt eat MS

29、G(味精味精)!29._with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.30.as_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists31.Dating sites also make_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.32.This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against(谋划对付谋划对付)the donkey

30、.33.Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares_ how much he pays.itOnlyititthatthan规律规律6 特殊句式特殊句式(1)由由it isthat强调结构形式，判断填强调结构形式，判断填it还是还是that。如：(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还是填等，还是填do,does,did等。等。如：

31、(3)由由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填是否填it。如：(4)so/suchthat句型。句型。如：(5)morethan(与其说与其说不如说不如说，比，比更更)句型。句型。如：分析句子结构分析句子结构上下文语境上下文语境谓语动词（时态和语态）谓语动词（时态和语态）非谓语动词非谓语动词名词，形容词，副词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形容词或副词的比较级或最高级有有提提示示词词（一）动词类（一）动词类 1.A boy on a bike _(catch)my attention.He was riding beside

32、the bus and waving his arms.2.We _（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week3.Suddenly,he_(find)that he had run out of salt.4.In Logan,three people _(take)to a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.规律规律1 句中没有别的谓语动词句中没有别的谓语动词 所给动词所给动词就是谓语就是谓语动词动词,则则考虑时态考虑时态语态语态 5.That was d

33、efinitely not an attractimve idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and walked away.closed 虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系并列关系所给动词就是谓语动词所给动词就是谓语动词,则考虑时态语态则考虑时态语态 规律规律2 2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，形式，don

34、e形式，还是形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。的关系。先来看看历年高考语法填空题非谓语先来看看历年高考语法填空题非谓语动词都考了什么？动词都考了什么？1.but he refused _(stop)until we reached the next stop.2.Still,the boy kept _(ride).3.We got a little _（sunburn），），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.4.Mary felt

35、_(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.5.some of them looked very anxious and _(disappoint).6.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.7.While she was getting me _(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tyin

36、g up his horse to my car8.She wished that he was as easy _(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.9.For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop _(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.10.He spit it out,_ (say)it was awful.11.In the beginning,there was only a very small am

37、ount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always _(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.”历年高考语法填空题考过的非谓语历年高考语法填空题考过的非谓语动词结构动词结构1 动词动词+不定式不定式2 动词动词+动名词动名词3 系动词系动词+非谓语动词非谓语动词4 动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式/现在分词现在分词/+过去分过去分词词5 Be+形容词形容词+to do6 不

38、定式做目的状语不定式做目的状语7 现在分词做伴随状语现在分词做伴随状语非谓语动词类试题的几个非谓语动词类试题的几个其他注意点其他注意点1.but it is not enough only _(memorize)rules from a grammar book.to memorize 2._(speak)out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed,on the contrarySpeaking 注意注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用作主语或宾语时，通常用doing/being done形式表示习惯或一般情况；形式表示习惯或一般情况；用用to

39、 do/to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；形式表示具体情况或将来；用用having done/having been done表示已表示已发生。发生。3._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.To complete 5.Some people say that oldest children,who are smart and strong-willed,are very likely _(succeed.)to succeed 1.目的状语目的状语,(tooto,enough

40、 to,only to do)2.be+形容词形容词+to do4.The young student did all that he could _(pass)the examinations.to passThe cake is easy to make.6.He saw the stone,_(say)to himself:“The night will be very dark.”saying 分词作状语，查逻辑主语，确定形式。分词作状语，查逻辑主语，确定形式。7.The headmaster went into the lab,_(follow)by the foreign gues

41、ts.followed8.There will be a meeting,_(start)later this year to review the film.learned 分词后置定语，查与被修饰词，确定形式。分词后置定语，查与被修饰词，确定形式。starting 9.Lessons_(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.10.Antonio Gaudio,a Spanish architect,was the first _ (understand)that.the first/second/last/

42、next/only.(+名词名词/代词代词)+to do sth.to understand 其他词类的解题规律其他词类的解题规律熟悉各种词性充当何种句子成分是基础熟悉各种词性充当何种句子成分是基础 判断出该词在句子所作何种句子成分是关键判断出该词在句子所作何种句子成分是关键熟悉各种词形变化是保障熟悉各种词形变化是保障1.The youngster immediately fell _(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.2.That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in a big ci

43、ty,but it could destroy a small village like ours,”Nick said.3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.4.Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _(interest)in the subject规律规律1：作表语、定语或补语，：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。通常用形容词形式。答案：答案：silent，reasonable，natural，

44、interested规律规律2：作主语或在及物动词或介词：作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词后作宾语，用名词 5.When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _(achieve)are mentioned,the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.6.These people have made great _(contribute)to China with their work.7.instructors expect students to be f

45、amiliar with _(inform)in the reading achievements contributions information 规律规律3 限定词限定词+空格空格+of+名词名词空格用名词空格用名词8.But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.9.With the large numbers of students,the _(operate)of the system does involve a certain amount

46、of activity.choice，operation规律规律4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词或整个句子，作状语，用副词 10.the crowd of strangers _(sudden)became friendly to one another.11.She was _（surprise）helpful.12.But such a small thing couldnt _(possible)destroy a village.13.Singles are flocking(涌向涌向)to the Internet _(main)bec

47、ause their busy lifestyles leave them little timesuddenly,surprisedly,possibly,mainly规律规律5 有可能是要求词义转换，词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变类不一定要变 13.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is _(use).14.Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessary

48、)work in the office.useless,unnecessary规律规律6：并非所有所给动词都考时态：并非所有所给动词都考时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能词类转换语态或非谓语动词，有可能词类转换16.there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _(attract)重现重现8.But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.9.With the large numb

49、ers of students,the _(operate)of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.attraction,choice,operation17.It might have made it a little _(hard)for everybody.18.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be _(sweet).”19.The other frog went on jumping a

50、s hard as he couldHe jumped even _(hard)and finally made himself out.规律规律7 给出形容词或副词，有可能是考给出形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较和最高等级查其比较和最高等级 harder,sweeter,harder对教师的建议对教师的建议1.1.降低语法复习难度，侧重基础和熟练掌握，根据降低语法复习难度，侧重基础和熟练掌握，根据题型要求，进行语法专项训练题型要求，进行语法专项训练2.2.降低词汇教学要求，让学生准确把握词性降低词汇教学要求，让学生准确把握词性3.3.语法、词汇练习设计要语境化、语篇化语法、词汇练习设计要语境