新人教版英语九年级(全一册)-定语从句讲解-练习-课件2.pptx

1、句定语 从从习讲 解练认识定语认识定语从句从句01何为“定语”？“定语”的作用？一、定语二、定语位置固定名词的词，对名词起修饰/限定作用前置后置1)单个 adj.2)多个 adj.排序an(unly old)ladya(small blue)casean(old)lady3)数-单 n.a(50-year-old)lady1)单个 adv.the lady(there)2)介词短语an old lady(with a big nose)3)分词an old lady(wearing a pair of glasses)an old lady(called Mary)4)定从an old lad

2、y(who wears a pair of glasses)There is an old lady.she swallowed a fly.There is an old lady.she swallowed a spider.There is an old lady.she swallowed a bird.There is an old lady.she swallowed a cat.There is an old lady.she swallowed a dog.There is an old lady.she swallowed a cow.There is an old lady

3、.she swallowed a horse.简 单 句，简 简 单 单 的 说 话！如何升华？变成从句？-定语从句同一人that又作成分又作成分又有词义又有词义当当名名词词用用当当副副词词用用whenwhichwherewhowhywhomwhose避免重复，需要找一个词，代替 she,两个作用指代an old lady(人）代替she 的成分（主）Step1:There is an old lady.She swallowed a cat.Step2:There is an old lady she swallowed a cat.There is an old lady _ swallo

4、wed a cat.重复避免重复，需要找一个词，代替 she,两个作用指代an old lady(人）代替she 的成分（主）(人人)缺少主语缺少主语whoThere is an old lady who swallowed a fly.There is an old lady who swallowed a spider.There is an old lady who swallowed a bird.There is an old lady who swallowed a cat.There is an old lady who swallowed a dog.There is an o

5、ld lady who swallowed a cow.There is an old lady who swallowed a horse.从 句 成 分 被从句修饰的部分避免重复，需要找一个词，代替 she,两个作用指代an old lady(人）代替she 的成分（主）两 要 素 定 关 系 词先行词=定语从句的概念在复合句复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词关系词。定从的基本概念(一)定从用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句(二)必备2要素先行词从句所修饰的名词/代词，置于从句前从句部分u

6、 作主语u 作宾语u 做定语u 作状语(三)定从考点考关系词：瞻前 关系词 顾后先行词从句成分 n.代词+从句(定从)定语从句结构定语从句结构先行词先行词+关系词关系词+句子句子关系词关系词：引导定语从句：引导定语从句。The man who/that is speaking is zhong nanshan.先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系代词：关系代词：关系副词关系副词：人：that,who,whom物：物：whose,whichwhere,when,why定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词关系代词（在定语从句中作主语，（在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语

7、，定语）宾语，表语，定语）和关系副词关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）（在定语从句中作状语），常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。四、定从的关系词先行词关系词定从成分whowhomwhichthatThe designers who helped us build the library are from the UK.The students who/whom I met in a football game are my

8、good friends now.先行词(人)定从(主语)先行词(人)定从(宾语)人主/宾人宾四、定从的关系词先行词关系词定从成分人who主/宾人whom宾whichthatwhoseDiana likes the movies which can make her relaxed.Im looking for the book which you lent me yesterday.先行词(物)定从(主语)先行词(物)定从(宾语)物主/宾四、定从的关系词先行词关系词定从成分人who主/宾人whom宾物which主/宾thatwhosewherewhen人/物主/宾Have you seen

9、a dictionary whose cover is blue?A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.先行词(物)定从(定语)先行词(人)定从(定语)人/物定四、定从的关系词先行词关系词定从成分人who主/宾人whom宾物which主/宾人/物that主/宾人/物whose定地点where状whenIll never forget the day when we met each other last week.先行词(时间n.)定从(状语)时间状四、定从的关系词先行词关系词定从成分人who主/宾人whom宾物which主/宾人

10、/物that主/宾人/物whose定地点where状时间when状whyThis is the reason why I came here.先行词(原因n.)定从(状语)原因状词 形先行词在句中作用关系代词that人或物主,宾语which物主,宾语who人主,宾语whom人宾语whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定语词 形先行词在句中作用关系副词when(=介词+which)时间状语where(=介词+which)地点状语why(=for which)原因状语定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，

11、主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。关系代词关系代词例句讲练例句讲练02关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可

12、省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that。that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this

13、 the library from which you borrow books?from thatapplethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small.The apple which is green is big.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.Th

14、is recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?（1）who作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.（2）whom作宾语(介词提前时不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is M

15、r Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.（3）当先行词是those,she,he,they等代詞時，关系代词用who Those who were late for class raise your hands.3.指人的时候用Who,whom。the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong i

16、s Tom.The boy who is clever is Tom.The boy who is naughty is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.The boy is i

17、n the lab.You want to talk to him.The boy(whom)you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.This is the boy.I sit behind him.This is the boy(whom)I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.This is the best film

18、.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.注意注意1.当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you bor

19、rowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。2.含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。3.that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句

20、和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.The man who came here yesterday has come again.whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。This is the book whose co

21、ver is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.关系副词关系副词例句讲练例句讲练03定语从句中的关系副词：定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,whywhen在定语从句中作时间状语，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词表示时间，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词表示地点，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which

22、）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是原因，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late?It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.定语从句定语从句特殊情况特殊情况04下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that1.1.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。时。eg.Tom is the cleverest b

23、oy that I have ever known.2.当先行词是指物的不定代词时。如：当先行词是指物的不定代词时。如：all,anything,something,nothing,none,the one,everything,little,few,much,any。eg.Here is something(that)I will tell you.3先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last等修饰时。等修饰时。下列情况只能用下列情况只能用thateg.This is the only novel that you want to borrow 4先行词是或被先行词

24、是或被all，no，some，any，little，much等修饰时。等修饰时。eg.Ive written down all the things that the teacher doesnt allow us to do 5 5先行词是人和物的名词时先行词是人和物的名词时,用用that,that,既既不用不用which,which,也不用也不用whowho。eg.He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that6.主句的主语是疑问词主句的主语是疑问词who/wh

25、ich时时,为为了避免重复。了避免重复。eg.Who is the girl that is crying？eg.Which is the bike that you lost?下列情况只能用下列情况只能用which1.1.介词前置时，不用介词前置时，不用thatthat。即介词提在定。即介词提在定语从句前。语从句前。eg.This is the room in which he lives.2 2.先行词为先行词为thatthat时时,避免重复，用避免重复，用which.which.eg.Whats that which is under the desk?关系代词只用that，不用whic

26、h的定语从句1当先行词为不定代词all，everthing，nothing，little。much，或被不定代词修饰时,关系代词只用that。2当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that。3当先行词被序数词the first ，the second，the last修饰时，只用that。4当先行词被the only，the very，some，few，no修饰时。5当先行词既指物又指人时。6当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。7当先行词在句中作表语。关系代词只用which，不用that的定语从句 1关系代词前有介词时.2先行词本身是that。3 非限定性定语从

27、句只能用which.请用that，which填空。（一）1.This is the house in I live.2.The book is that I read.3.Which the hotel you stayed at last month.4The characters and the animals are in the picture are very native.5.This is the book I am looking for.that which which that that that 请用that，which填空.(二)6.The only student m

28、ay be elected(被选中)is in our class.7.this is the last class we will have this term.8.The Titanic is the most dangerous film Ive ever seen.9.All can be done has been done.10.here is everything makes us happy.that that that that that 定语从句定语从句易错题易错题05一、介词的出现1.介词选择方法(一):介词根据从句中谓语v.的搭配习惯而确定。This is the bo

29、ok_ which I spent 5 yuan._ which I paid 5 yuan._ which I learnt a lot._ which Tom often talks.onspend.on the bookforpay.for the bookfromlearn.from the bookabouttalk.about the book方法(二):从句中谓v.(宾)+先行词I rememberthe day _ which I joined the Party.I joined the Party _ the day.the days _ which I lived her

30、e.I lived here _ the days.the month _ which I stayed there.I stayed there _ the month.ononduringduringinin一、介词的出现2.介词位置1)放在关系词前面This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan.2)放在从句谓v.后This is the book which I spent 5 yuan on.3.介词对关系词的影响先行词(人)介 whom先行词(物)介 whichThe athlete to whom you talked is a famous r

31、unner.This is the book for which you asked.二、从句成分判定对关系词的影响This is the factory _ he used to work.This is the factory _ I visited last year.where先行词(物)从句缺状先行词(物)that/which从句缺宾判断方法1.看从句的谓v.vt.缺宾vi.缺状2.用从句中的谓v.+先行词成立:缺宾不成立：缺状work the factory ()visit the factory()Is this the museum _ you visited a few da

32、ys ago?Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?缺状用where缺宾用whichthatwhere 1.Ill never forget the day _ is June 12th.2.Ill never forget the day _ is my mothers birthday.3.Ill never forget the day _ I entered No.1 Middle.step1:瞻前顾后先物(时间)从句缺何成分？缺 主which缺 主whichstep2:I entered No.1 Middle school the

33、 day缺 状先行词是时间，从句缺状用whenwhen where;which;/1.Have you ever visited the tower _ is called the.2.Have you ever visited the tower _ Tom took photos.3.Have you ever visited the tower _ Tom took photos at.4.Have you ever visited the tower _ _ Tom took photos.step1:瞻前顾后先物(时间)从句缺何成分？缺 主which先行词是物，从句缺主用whichs

34、tep2:Tom took photos the tower 缺 状where先行词是地点，从句缺主用wherestep2:Tom took photos at the tower 缺 宾which先行词是物，从句缺宾用whichstep2:Tom took photos the tower缺 状先行词是物，从句缺宾用wherewherestep3:如何调整正确？Tom took photos at(介)the tower=at which 1.The hotel _ we stayed at during the holiday.2.The hotel _ we stayed _ durin

35、g the holiday.3.The hotel _ we stayed during the holiday.4.The hotel _ we stayed during the holiday.step1:瞻前顾后先物(地点)从句缺何成分？缺 宾which缺 状at whichwherestep2:we stayed at the hotelstep2:we stayed _ the hotelatat从句缺宾语，关系词可以省略从句缺宾语，关系词可以省略介词位置的灵活性：也可放于关系词前介词位置的灵活性：也可放于关系词前 step2:we stayed the hotel缺 状 1.Th

36、e factory _ used to be in the center of the city is.2.The factory _ his father used to work _ was.3.The factory _ _ his father used to work was.4.The factory _ his father used to work was.主 句从 句主 句从 句主 句从 句主 句从 句 1.We will never forget August 8th,2008 _ is a great day to the Chinese.先物（时间）step1:瞻前顾后

37、从句缺何成分？缺 主先行词是物，从句缺主用which/thatwhichstep3:如何调整正确？2.We will never forget August 8th,2008 _ the Olympic Games was held _.先物（时间）onstep:瞻前顾后瞻前顾后the Olympic Games was held _ August 8th,2008whichstep step:从句从句+先行词先行词on 3.We will never forget August 8th,2008 _ _ the Olympic Games was held.先物（时间）介词位置的灵活性：也可

38、放于关系词前介词位置的灵活性：也可放于关系词前 on which 4.We will never forget August 8th,2008 _ the Olympic Games was held.step:瞻前顾后瞻前顾后the Olympic Games was held August 8th,2008step step:从句从句+先行词先行词先物（时间）缺 状when 1.I dont know the reason _ he is absent today.2.The reason _ he has explained is.step1:瞻前顾后先(原因)从句缺何成分？step2:

39、he has explained the reason 缺 宾先行词是物，从句缺宾whichwhichstep2:he is absent the reason缺 状先行词是原因，从句缺状用whywhy 3.This is the reason _ I asked for help.4.The reason _ he is trying to explain is.step1:瞻前顾后先(原因)step2:he is trying to explain the reason.缺 宾先行词是物，从句缺宾用whichwhich缺 状先行词是原因，从句缺状用whywhystep2:I asked f

40、or the help the reason.课堂练习课堂练习06who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John talked is my brother.which/thatwhom6.Kevin is

41、reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?Yes,hes our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom2.Is th

42、is the river _ I can swim？A.which B.in which C.that D.the one3.This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A.where B.which C.that D.itBBC一、单项选择4.Can you lend me the dictionary _ the other day？A.that you bought B.you bought itC.that you bought it D.which you bought it5.Anyone _ with what I said may pu

43、t up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agreeC.who agrees D.which agreeAC6.My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A.that B.it C.which D.who7.The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate.A.whos B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.which;is B.whom;was C.who;is

44、D.who;wasABC二、用适当的关系代词或副词填空。1.The first thing _ you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _ is called April Fools Day in the west.3.Do you know the reason _ she was late.4.The house _ we live in is very old.5.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.thatthat/whichwhythat/whichwhere THANK YOU