定语从句专题讲解课件精编版.ppt

1、The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句I like quiet music.I like music that is quiet.定语从句定语从句1.什么是定语从句？什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？Learn to discoverI know a girl who likes red.两个句子两个句子定语从句定语从句两个词两个词主主 句句从句从句？在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子

2、叫定语从句。子叫定语从句。主句主句 从句从句1.I know a girl who likes red.完整的句子是主句完整的句子是主句不完整的句子是从句不完整的句子是从句2.Jim reads bookswhich are fun.3.Do you know the things and personsthat they are talking about?先行词先行词被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词两个词两个词关系代词关系代词who whichthat定语从句定语从句在在复合句复合句中修饰某一中修饰某一名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫的从句叫定语定语从句。从句。先行词：先行词：被定语从句修

3、饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而汉语中而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前的定语则放在被修饰词之前。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系关系代词代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和和关系关系副词副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。在句中作状语。Mary is a beautiful girl.形容词作定语形容词

4、作定语Mary is a girl who is beautiful.句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句I like musicthat/whichI can dance to.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词定语从句定语从句I like the singer who is beautiful.I like the movie that is funny.I still remember the first time when I met her.Learn to think先行词先行词决定决定关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词人人who thatwhom宾

5、语宾语物物人和物人和物which thatthatMary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an appleI have some friends.Some friends like sports.I have some friends who like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friendsI like the movie.The mo

6、vie is exciting.I like the movie that is exciting.that 修饰先行词修饰先行词movieThe woman is a teacher.The woman lives next door.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.who修饰先行词修饰先行词womanMatch the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates.Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates

7、._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking.I dont like the man who is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week.Where is the picture that you bought last week?_ 1.关系代词关系代词that,which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句:

8、如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示物物的的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which.(作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)which/that 作作主语主语.(不能省不能省)This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.（作主语）（作主语）The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog that/which was lost has been found.Practise:1.This i

9、s the house.The house is for saleThis is the house that/which is for sale.which/that 作作宾语宾语：（可省略）（可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.()This is the card which/that Ive just received.（作宾语）（作宾语）Practise:1.This is the mistake.I always make mistake.This is the mistake(which/that)I always mak

10、e2.I still keep the letters.She wrote the lettersto me.I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.2.关系代词关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语引导的定语从句从句:如果如果先行词先行词是表示是表示人人的名词或代词，的名词或代词，关系代词应用关系代词应用who,that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom(作作宾语宾语)who/that 作作主语主语.(不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in Ch

11、ina.This is the film star who /thatis very popular in China.(作主语作主语)Practise:1.The boy called Roy.The boy broke the window.The boy who/that broke the window is called Roy.who/whom/that 作作宾语宾语：(可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer.He described the man just now.The man(who/whom/that)he described just now

12、 is a famous writer.(作宾语）作宾语）Practise:1.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief last night.The thief(who/that/whom)the police caughtlast night has been sent to prison.小结：1).that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2).which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.3).who 指指人人，作主语，不能省略作主语，不能省略；作宾语作宾语可以省略可以省略

13、,（常用（常用whom）注注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语定语从句从句的的谓语动词形式谓语动词形式由由先行词先行词定。定。?定语从句的用法:?当先行词是物时,用which 或that引导.These are the trees whichwere planted last year.?当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.?who,whom,whose,that用法区别.?who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.分解The man is a

14、 worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主语?Whom 作定语从句的宾语The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.作宾语?whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定定语语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解I know the girl.The girlsmother is a teacher.作定语?that 可以作定语从句的主语

15、和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.有时有时只能用只能用 that,不不用用 which,常见的情况有六种：常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 或或被它们修饰被它们修饰时。时。1).Thats all that I know.2).Is there anything that I can do for yo

16、u?3).He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时1).That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.2).The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修等修饰时。饰时。1).Thats the only thing that I can do now

17、.2).These are the very words that he used.4.当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时，定语从句开头时，定语从句的关系词的关系词用用 that,而而不用不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括先行词同时包括人或物人或物时，关系词时，关系词用用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.关系代词只用

18、关系代词只用which不用不用that情况情况1.关系代词前有介词。关系代词前有介词。2.先行词本身是先行词本身是that.whose 作作定语定语,表示所属关系。表示所属关系。The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.【巧学妙记】【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法定语从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。定人要用定人要用who或

19、或whom，定物，定物which当先用。当先用。关系代词用关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。，定人定物有本领。when用来定时间，用来定时间，where用来定地点。用来定地点。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is who/thatmy classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday which/thatwas from my sister.who/that3.I hate people _ talk m

20、uch but do little.which/that4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.5.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.whose6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?whose7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.which 8.Ive never heard of the people and things_ you talke

21、d about just now.that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2.1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about thatthe persons and things _ they couldnt remember.that2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?that当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play _

22、 I have seen thatsince I came here.5.This is the best novel _ I have read.that当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?that7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.that当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.先行词先行词决定决定关系代词关系代词从句中的谓语动词形式从句中的

23、谓语动词形式likes1.I know a girl who _(like)red.are2.Jim reads books which_(be)fun.先行词先行词先行词先行词3.Do you know the things and persons先行词先行词arethat they _(be)talking about?定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致hasThe mp4 that _ been given to me is home-made.(have)amI,who _ your classmate,will share the work with you.(be)关系代词做

24、从句的主语时，关系代词做从句的主语时，从句从句的的谓语谓语动动词的人称和数要与先行词词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致保持一致，先行，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。式。Learn to practice1.Tom is one of the boys that are_(be)from the USA.is2.Tom is the only boy that_(be)from the USA.haveHe is one of the students who _ made great progress.Mr Wang is the only one

25、 of my friends who has_ been invited to have dinner with us.(have)【注意】【注意】one of+复数名词作先行词时，从句的复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数形式。但若形式。但若one前有前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数单数形式形式1.I have a friend _ likes listening to who/thatclassical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing thewhich/t

26、hatnew dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in awhosematch used to be a football player.4.My parents live in a house_which/thatis more than 100 years old.whom5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/that6.Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.7.Is there anything _ you want tha

27、tto buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.that9.The first one _ stands up is athatlittle boy.who/that1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing thewhich/thatnew dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in awhosematch used to be a football player

28、.which/that4.My parents live in a house_is more than 100 years old.whom5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/that6.Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.that7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.that8.All _ we can do is to study hard.that9.The first one _ stands up

29、is alittle boy.who10.The person _ you should write to is Mr Ball.whom11.The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.who/whom12.The runner _ you are asking about is over there.who/whom13.The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom.that14.The meeting _ we shall take part in will be held in a h

30、otel.which15.The factory _ I worked in for over two years has been closed.that16.The airport _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in the city who17.The person _ won the race was a woman from Sichuan.Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates.Im reading a book that/whi

31、ch is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking.I dont like the man who is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week.Where is the picture that you bought last week?_ 1.这就是救了那个孩子命的

32、医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.Learn to make a summary主句主句1.两个句两个句 子子2.两个词两个词定语定语从句从句从句从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词3.先行作出两决定先行作出两决定从句谓语动词形式从句谓语动词形式4.两类只用莫相忘两类只用莫相忘1.只用只用that不用不用which（5）2.只用只用which不用不用that（2）Thank you for listening!